BAR Lab Experiment - Explanation by Dr. Kilmer
Summary
TLDR华盛顿州的心理学家和研究者Allen Marla建立了行为酒精研究实验室,模拟真实酒吧环境进行饮酒研究。研究发现,即使没有真正饮酒,只要人们相信自己喝了酒,他们的行为就会变得更加外向和社交。相反,如果人们相信自己没有喝酒,即使实际上喝了,他们的行为也不会有变化。这表明,饮酒后的行为变化更多是心理预期的结果,而非酒精本身的作用。
Takeaways
- 🧪 艾伦·马拉在华盛顿州进行了一项研究,探讨酒精对社交行为的影响。
- 🏫 研究在“行为酒精研究实验室”进行,该实验室模仿真实酒吧环境。
- 📝 参与者都是21岁以上的成年人,他们签署了同意书,同意在研究中饮酒。
- 🔍 研究控制了人们对于饮酒的预期和实际摄入的酒精量。
- 🍻 当人们被告知将获得酒精,并且确实获得了酒精时,他们的社交活动增加。
- 🥤 当人们被告知不会获得酒精,并且确实没有获得酒精时,他们的社交活动减少。
- 🤔 当人们被告知将获得酒精,但实际上没有获得时,他们的行为与真正饮酒的人相似。
- 😲 即使没有酒精,人们的行为也会因为预期而改变,变得更加外向和健谈。
- 🤓 研究显示,人们在饮酒后的行为可能更多地受到心理预期的影响,而非酒精本身。
- 🚫 对于不饮酒的人来说,这项研究提供了支持他们决定的信息,即饮酒并不是变得有趣或不那么害羞的必要条件。
- 📈 研究结果表明,饮酒的预期效果可能是大学生饮酒量的一个重要预测因素。
Q & A
艾伦·马拉是谁?
-艾伦·马拉是一位心理学家和研究者,专注于大学生饮酒问题。
什么是行为酒精研究实验室(Bar Lab)?
-行为酒精研究实验室是一个外观和功能都与真实酒吧相同的实验室,但配备了隐藏的摄像头和麦克风,用于观察和记录人们在社交情境中的行为。
研究者如何控制参与者对酒精的预期和实际摄入?
-研究者通过告诉参与者他们将获得酒精饮料,但实际上可能给他们不含酒精的饮料,或者不告诉他们是否获得酒精,或者给他们含有酒精的饮料但声称是不含酒精的,以此来控制预期和实际摄入。
当参与者被告知将获得酒精但实际上没有获得时,他们的行为如何?
-当参与者被告知将获得酒精但实际上没有获得时,他们的行为与那些知道自己不会获得酒精的人相似,互动较少。
如果参与者被告知将获得酒精但实际上获得了不含酒精的饮料,他们的行为如何?
-即使饮料中不含酒精,参与者的行为却与那些真正饮酒的人相似,如声音变大、互动增多、更加外向和健谈。
研究中发现的令人惊讶的发现是什么?
-即使参与者实际上没有摄入酒精,只要他们相信自己摄入了酒精,他们的行为就会像真正饮酒的人一样。
当参与者被告知将获得水但实际上获得了酒精时,他们的行为如何?
-即使摄入了酒精,参与者也不会表现出与饮酒相关的行为变化,而是将任何变化归咎于其他因素,如疲劳或房间温度。
这项研究对那些不饮酒的人有什么启示?
-这项研究表明,不饮酒的人不必因为担心错过社交乐趣而饮酒,因为饮酒带来的社交效果可能更多是心理上的预期,而非酒精本身的作用。
为什么大学生饮酒量与积极结果预期有关?
-因为大学生如果预期饮酒会带来积极的社交结果,如变得更有趣或减少害羞,他们就更可能大量饮酒。
研究的最终结论是什么?
-研究的最终结论是,饮酒的社交效果可能更多地来自于个人的心理预期,而不是酒精本身。
这项研究如何帮助人们理解饮酒对社交的影响?
-这项研究帮助人们理解,饮酒可能并不是社交互动增加的唯一原因,而是人们对饮酒的预期和信念在起作用。
Outlines
🧪 酒精对社交行为的影响研究
华盛顿州的心理学家和研究者Allen Marla对大学生饮酒行为进行了研究。他建立了一个名为行为酒精研究实验室的酒吧实验室,这个实验室外观和真实酒吧无异,但装有隐藏摄像头和麦克风。研究中,参与者年龄都在21岁以上,并且同意参与实验。Marla希望通过这种方式,确保研究结果能够推广到现实世界。实验中,参与者被告知会给他们酒精饮料,但实际上他们可能得到含有酒精的饮料、无酒精饮料,或者根本不给酒精。研究发现,当人们被告知会得到酒精并确实得到时,社交互动明显增多;而当人们被告知不会得到酒精也确实没有得到时,社交互动则显著减少。最令人惊讶的发现是,当人们被告知会得到酒精但实际上得到的是无酒精饮料时,他们的社交行为与真正饮酒的群体无异,包括更健谈、更外向。实验结束后,当告知他们实际上没有摄入酒精时,参与者对此感到惊讶。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡酒精
💡心理学
💡预期
💡社交互动
💡实验
💡控制组
💡安慰剂效应
💡行为改变
💡饮酒游戏
💡非酒精饮料
💡呼吸分析器
Highlights
华盛顿州进行了一项关于酒精影响的研究。
研究者Allen Marla是心理学家,专注于大学生饮酒问题。
研究招募了21岁以上的饮酒者,并得到了他们的同意。
研究旨在确保研究结果能够泛化到现实世界。
建立了一个外观与真实酒吧相同的实验室。
实验室设有隐藏摄像头和麦克风,以观察人们在社交场合的行为。
参与者被告知他们将获得酒精饮料,但实际上他们可能得到无酒精饮料。
研究发现,被告知将获得酒精的人,即使实际上没有,也会表现得更加活跃。
被告知没有酒精的人,即使实际上得到了,也不会有太大变化。
当人们被告知他们将获得酒精,但实际上得到的是无酒精饮料时,他们的行为与真正饮酒的人相似。
当人们被告知他们将获得水,但实际上得到了酒精时,他们的行为并没有显著变化。
实验结果表明,人们的行为更多是由他们对酒精的预期而不是酒精本身引起的。
即使在酒精作用下,人们也会将疲劳和困倦归咎于其他因素。
实验揭示了人们对酒精的预期可能比酒精本身对社交活动的影响更大。
这项研究挑战了人们认为饮酒能增加社交乐趣的传统观念。
研究结果对于不饮酒者来说是一个积极的信息,表明他们不会因为不饮酒而错过社交乐趣。
研究表明,人们在社交场合的乐趣可能更多来自于与谁在一起,而不是他们喝的是什么。
这项研究强调了心理预期在饮酒行为中的重要性。
Transcripts
so the question about if alcohol makes
is not only something that people have
but it's something that's even been
tested right here in the state of
Washington
Allen Marla was a psychologist and
researcher about cause student drinking
that said there are totally ways to test
this if we recruit people that are all
over 21 they all do drink and if they
all signed a consent form that says if
you give me alcohol I'm good with that
his feeling was if we want to make sure
that research generalizes to the real
world where we conduct the research
should look as real world as possible so
he built the bar lab the behavioral
alcohol research laboratory it's the lab
that looks exactly like a real bar but
the mirror that's behind the bar two-way
mirror there's hidden cameras there's
hidden Mike's people would come to the
lab knowing they were getting me in a
study where we see how people interact
in social situations but there was so
much more than that people were told
we're gonna serve you alcohol and then
they either did give them alcohol or
gave them alcohol free drinks or they
said we're not gonna give you alcohol
and in fact didn't give them alcohol or
in some cases actually serve them drinks
that contained alcohol they wanted to
control for what people believed are
expected and what people actually got
what they find people told they're
getting alcohol who actually get it it
looks like a bunch of college students
drinking nothing magical happens here
the volume of the group increases people
interact a lot more not too surprising
when we tell people they're getting no
alcohol and in fact they get none
they're told they can drink tonic water
with or without a lime wedge depending
if we have money or not or they could
drink non-alcoholic beer that's exactly
what they get what do we see also not
that surprising really quite a group a
lot less interacting at best it looked
like a bunch of students who don't know
each other who are asked to hang out and
drink water together for an hour we
start seeing the really surprising
finding is was you tell people we're
gonna give you alcohol but we give
people drinks that contain no alcohol at
all they're told they're getting a vodka
and tonic just tonic water they're told
they're getting a beer it's a blend of
different non-alcoholic beers what do we
see this group looks just like the group
that's been drinking the volume of the
group increases people interacting a lot
more people are shoving tables together
and playing drinking games with water we
see people say get more flirty more get
more outgoing get more talkative at the
end of the hour let them know none of
the beverages you've consumed contained
any
when we do the other condition tell
people we're just gonna give you water
but actually give them alcohol what do
we see they don't act any different when
the effects of alcohol kick in they
blame it on other things so people get
tired and get sleepy but they blame it
on how they had a long day at school or
a rough night's sleep the night before
some people when they drink they get
really flushed get hot but instead of
question was in a drink they blame it on
the temperature of the room some people
get kind of clumsy and they're like
sorry clumsy but it's actually coming
from the alcohol at the end we let them
know the beverages you consume do
contain alcohol and everyone blows the
breathalyzer to verify that think about
what this means if you're watching this
video and here's someone that typically
doesn't drink if this is information
that helps you stay committed to a goal
of not drinking then more power to you
because so often people that don't drink
here well if you did you'd be funnier
you'd be less shy not according to a
single published study ever if so it
says well I do drink we know that one of
the biggest predictors of drinking
heavily in college is having a high
number of those positive outcome
expectancies and if a barrier to
considering cutting down is what if I
cut down and I miss out on that social
stuff we have no evidence that's coming
from the alcohol to start with if you
have fun at a party it's probably really
fun putting away schoolwork and mean out
with who you're out with and your
comfort socially may come as much from
having a cup in your hand and less to do
with the content of that cup it just
goes to show it's not what you're
drinking it's what you're thinking that
matters the most
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