📚 FUNCIONES DE LA LENGUA | Referencial, apelativa y poética | Curso UNAM español

Summary

In this Spanish lesson, Carlos guides viewers through the six main functions of language, explaining their purposes, characteristics, and examples. He emphasizes the functions most commonly tested in exams: referential, apelative, and poetic, while also covering fática, emotive, and metalinguistic functions. The video clarifies how language can inform, persuade, express emotions, maintain communication, or explain itself, highlighting the difference between objective and subjective uses. Through practical examples, from news reports to poetry and everyday instructions, Carlos makes complex concepts accessible, helping learners understand not just what the functions are, but how they operate in real-life communication and literature.

Takeaways

• 😀 Functions of language are used for various purposes, and understanding them is essential for exams, especially in Spanish courses.
• 😀 The main functions of language are referential, appellative, and poetic, which are essential for your exam.
• 😀 The referential function informs about facts or events and is found in texts like news articles and reports.
• 😀 The appellative function is used to persuade or convince the audience to do or think something, often found in advertisements and commands.
• 😀 The poetic function is present in texts that aim to convey emotions and artistic messages, primarily found in poetry and creative writing.
• 😀 The referential function is objective and aims to expand knowledge without personal opinions or emotions, as seen in scientific or educational texts.
• 😀 The appellative function seeks to provoke action from the reader or listener, such as in advertisements or requests.
• 😀 The poetic function uses figurative language, like metaphors, to communicate deeper meanings and emotions, often in subjective or artistic forms.
• 😀 The fatic function is about starting, interrupting, or ending a conversation, often seen in greetings and goodbyes.
• 😀 The emotive function expresses the author's personal feelings and emotions, often subjective in nature, as seen in personal expressions like 'I love this song' or 'I'm sad'.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?

The main topic of the video is the different functions of language, explaining how language is used depending on the purpose of communication.

What does 'language' mean according to the video?

Language is the human capacity to communicate through words, which can be spoken or written.

What is the referential function of language?

The referential function is used to inform about facts or events and transmit messages of general or collective interest. It is objective and found in news, reports, and articles.

Can you give an example of the referential function?

Yes, an example is: 'The cellulose is the main component of the plant cell wall,' which informs the reader about a factual topic.

What is the purpose of the apelative function?

The apelative function seeks to persuade or convince the receiver to think or do something and provoke a reaction. It is often found in orders, instructions, and advertisements.

How can you identify an apelative message?

An apelative message usually includes directives, requests, or offers designed to influence the receiver's actions, such as 'Pass me the ball, please' or 'Buy one, get one free.'

What characterizes the poetic function of language?

The poetic function focuses on aesthetics and creativity, expressing the author's feelings through subjective and figurative language, often found in poems and literary works.

What is the difference between fática and emotive functions?

The fática function is used to start, maintain, or end communication (e.g., 'Hello', 'Goodbye'), while the emotive function expresses the author's feelings and emotions (e.g., 'I feel happy', 'I love this song').

What is the metalinguistic function?

The metalinguistic function explains rules or concepts of language itself, is objective, and is typically found in textbooks or academic explanations.

Why is it important to distinguish between subjective and objective functions?

Because identifying whether a text reflects facts or emotions helps determine the correct function of language, which is key for understanding content and preparing for exams.

Give an example of figurative language in the poetic function.

An example is: 'Your stomach is a bottomless pit,' which does not mean literally but expresses a person's endless appetite, showing subjective and artistic language use.

Which functions of language are most likely to appear on exams according to the video?

The main functions emphasized for exams are referential, apelative, and poetic, but emotive, fática, and metalinguistic functions may appear to challenge understanding.