#sejarahindonesia PENGESAHAN UUD 1945 DAN PEMILIHAN PRESIDEN, WAKIL PRESIDEN | VIDEO DOKUMENTER

Summary

This video discusses the establishment of Indonesia as an independent nation and the formation of its constitution, the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945). It explains how BPUPKI and PPKI played crucial roles in drafting and finalizing the constitution. A key point was the revision of the first principle of Pancasila, where Islamic leaders agreed to change it for national unity. The video also covers the PPKI meeting on August 18, 1945, where Soekarno was elected as president and Hatta as vice president, marking the foundation of the Republic of Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 📜 The proclamation of Indonesian independence marked the creation of a new nation named Indonesia.
• 🏛️ One of the first critical tasks for this new nation was to establish a constitution, the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945).
• 🗓️ The UUD 1945 was drafted from May 29 to June 16, 1945, by BPUPKI and later approved by PPKI after BPUPKI was dissolved in August 1945.
• ⚖️ A crucial debate arose regarding the wording of the first principle of Pancasila, which originally mentioned implementing Islamic law for Muslims.
• 🛐 Indonesian Christians, particularly from eastern regions, objected to this version, sparking concerns about national unity.
• 🤝 Muhammad Hatta, alongside Islamic leaders, agreed to change the first principle of Pancasila to 'Belief in the Almighty God' to avoid division.
• 📅 On August 18, 1945, PPKI approved the revised UUD 1945, including the reworded Pancasila principles.
• 👥 During the same session, PPKI also elected Sukarno as the first President and Hatta as Vice President of Indonesia by acclamation.
• 📑 The Constitution became the supreme law of the land, and no regulations could contradict it.
• 🇮🇩 The establishment of the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) was also decided during this historic session.

Q & A

What is the importance of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence?

The proclamation of Indonesian independence marked the official formation of a new country, Indonesia, on August 17, 1945.

What role did BPUPKI play in the formation of Indonesia’s constitution?

BPUPKI, established before Indonesia’s independence, was responsible for drafting the initial version of the 1945 Constitution from May 29 to June 16, 1945.

What major issue arose concerning the first principle of Pancasila before the PPKI session on August 18, 1945?

There was a significant debate about the wording of the first principle of Pancasila, which initially mentioned 'the obligation to follow Islamic Sharia for its followers.' This caused concern among Christians in Eastern Indonesia.

Who mediated the resolution of the debate over the first principle of Pancasila?

Muhammad Hatta played a key role in resolving the debate by convincing influential Islamic leaders to modify the first principle of Pancasila to 'Belief in the One Supreme God,' promoting national unity.

What was the significance of the PPKI session on August 18, 1945?

The session on August 18, 1945, was crucial as it officially ratified the 1945 Constitution and elected Soekarno as the first president and Muhammad Hatta as the vice president of Indonesia.

Why was the wording of the first principle of Pancasila changed?

The wording was changed to avoid division and ensure that the Constitution would represent all Indonesians, not just the Muslim majority, to maintain national unity.

How was the president and vice president chosen during the PPKI session?

Initially, ballots were prepared for voting, but based on Otto Iskandardinata’s suggestion, Soekarno and Hatta were chosen as president and vice president by acclamation.

What was the purpose of the Indonesian National Committee (Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat)?

The Indonesian National Committee was formed to assist the president in governing the country during the early stages of independence.

What does the 1945 Constitution represent for Indonesia?

The 1945 Constitution serves as the fundamental law of Indonesia, reflecting the country's worldview and being the primary source of legal authority.

What were the key outcomes of the PPKI session on August 18, 1945?

The key outcomes were the ratification of the 1945 Constitution, the election of Soekarno as president and Hatta as vice president, and the formation of the Indonesian National Committee.

Outlines

00:00

📜 The Formation of Indonesia and Constitutional Drafting

The paragraph starts by describing the declaration of Indonesia's independence and the immediate need for a constitution for the new nation. It outlines how the BPUPKI (Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence) was responsible for drafting the 1945 Constitution, working from May 29 to June 16, 1945. The core elements of the constitution included the declaration of independence, the body, and the preamble. BPUPKI was dissolved on August 7, 1945, and replaced by the PPKI (Indonesian Independence Preparatory Committee) to finalize the constitution and establish key government structures.

05:01

⚖️ Controversy Over the First Principle of Pancasila

On August 18, 1945, PPKI convened to finalize the 1945 Constitution, but a major issue arose concerning the first principle of Pancasila, which referenced Islamic law. Concerns were raised by Christian representatives from Eastern Indonesia, such as Johanes Latuharhary, who opposed the inclusion of Islamic-specific language. Muhammad Hatta intervened, advocating for national unity and convincing Islamic leaders to modify the principle to 'Belief in the One and Only God,' a compromise that ensured broader acceptance across religious groups.

🏛️ Establishment of Indonesia's Government Structure

After resolving the issue with Pancasila, the PPKI proceeded with reviewing and ratifying the remaining sections of the constitution, article by article. A key part of this process was the selection of Indonesia’s first president and vice president. Although a formal voting process was planned, Otto Iskandardinata proposed an acclamation vote, resulting in the election of Sukarno as president and Hatta as vice president. The remaining articles, particularly those regarding transitional provisions, were then discussed and agreed upon.

🛠️ The Conclusion and Impact of the PPKI Session

The session concluded with significant decisions, including the official ratification of the 1945 Constitution and the election of Indonesia's first president and vice president. The PPKI also established the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) to assist the new government. The 1945 Constitution became the foundational legal framework for the country, ensuring that no laws could contradict it. This marked the formal establishment of Indonesia as a republic with its own guiding principles and governance structure.

🎬 Conclusion and Farewell

The final paragraph offers a brief closing statement, summarizing the importance of the 1945 Constitution and the election of the country's first leaders. The speaker expresses gratitude and signs off, thanking the audience and hoping to meet again in future discussions. Background music plays as the video comes to an end.

Keywords

💡Proclamation

The proclamation of Indonesian independence refers to the official announcement made on August 17, 1945, declaring Indonesia free from Dutch colonial rule. This moment marks the birth of the new nation, Indonesia, and sets the stage for the drafting of its constitution, as mentioned in the script.

💡BPUPKI

The 'Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia' (Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence) was a body formed by the Japanese during their occupation of Indonesia to prepare for independence. In the video, BPUPKI is responsible for the early drafting of the Indonesian constitution between May and June 1945.

💡PPKI

The 'Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia' (Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence) was established on August 9, 1945, replacing BPUPKI to finalize preparations for independence. The video highlights its pivotal role in adopting the 1945 Constitution, electing the country's first president and vice president, and establishing the National Committee.

💡1945 Constitution

The 1945 Constitution, known as 'Undang-Undang Dasar 1945,' became the foundation of the newly independent Indonesian state. It was drafted by BPUPKI and adopted during the first PPKI meeting. The script mentions it as the primary legal document that enshrines Indonesia's independence and core values.

💡Pancasila

Pancasila is the philosophical foundation of Indonesia, composed of five principles that guide the nation. The script discusses the debate around the wording of the first principle, 'Ketuhanan dengan kewajiban menjalankan syariat Islam,' which was revised to 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa' (Belief in One God) to accommodate Indonesia’s religious diversity.

💡Piagam Jakarta

The Jakarta Charter was a document created on June 22, 1945, outlining the initial version of Indonesia's constitution. It originally included a reference to Islamic law in the first principle of Pancasila, which was later modified to prevent divisions among Indonesia’s religious groups, as mentioned in the video.

💡Muhammad Hatta

Muhammad Hatta was a key figure in Indonesia’s independence movement and the nation's first vice president. The video explains his critical role in revising the first principle of Pancasila to ensure national unity, highlighting his diplomacy in engaging with Islamic leaders during the PPKI sessions.

💡Soekarno

Soekarno was Indonesia's first president and a prominent figure in the independence movement. The video discusses his election as president during the PPKI meeting, following the adoption of the 1945 Constitution. His leadership was instrumental in shaping the newly formed Indonesian state.

💡National Unity

National unity is a recurring theme in the video, especially in the context of ensuring that the country's foundational principles, including Pancasila, reflect the interests of all Indonesians, regardless of religion. This is illustrated through the efforts to revise the first principle of Pancasila to avoid alienating non-Muslim citizens.

💡Johannes Latuharhary

Johannes Latuharhary was a prominent leader from Eastern Indonesia, representing the Christian minority. He played a significant role in objecting to the inclusion of Islamic law in Pancasila, as mentioned in the video. His opposition was a driving factor in the eventual compromise to ensure inclusivity and national unity.

Highlights

Indonesia was officially declared a new country with the name Indonesia after its proclamation.

One of the key tasks for the new country was to establish a constitution, which led to the drafting of the 1945 Constitution.

The 1945 Constitution was drafted by BPUPKI from May 29 to June 16, 1945.

The BPUPKI's second session resulted in the formulation of key points in the Constitution, including the declaration of independence and the body of the Constitution.

On August 7, 1945, BPUPKI was dissolved and PPKI was formed on August 9, 1945 in Saigon, Vietnam, with the task of continuing BPUPKI's work.

On August 18, 1945, PPKI held a session to deliberate and adopt the 1945 Constitution.

A major issue before the PPKI session involved the wording of the first principle of Pancasila, which originally included 'obligation to implement Islamic law for its adherents'.

Eastern Indonesia, largely Protestant and Catholic, opposed the original wording of the first principle of Pancasila.

Muhammad Hatta played a crucial role in mediating the issue and proposed the change to 'Belief in One God' to ensure national unity.

On the morning of August 18, 1945, Hatta successfully convinced Islamic leaders to accept the revised wording of the first principle.

The revised Pancasila, with 'Belief in One God' as the first principle, was then adopted into the preamble of the 1945 Constitution.

The PPKI session also involved the election of the first president and vice president of Indonesia.

Although a vote was initially planned, Otto Iskandardinata proposed that Sukarno and Hatta be elected by acclamation, which was accepted.

Sukarno was elected as the first President of Indonesia, with Hatta as Vice President, on August 18, 1945.

The 1945 Constitution was officially ratified, forming the basis of Indonesia's legal system, with the principle that no law should contradict the Constitution.

Transcripts

Hai proklamasi

[Musik]

Hai Kami bangsa Indonesia setelah

Indonesia diproklamasikan secara resmi

terbentuklah suatu negara baru yang

bernama Indonesia Salah satu hal

terpenting yang harus dipenuhi oleh

negara baru adalah undang-undang dasar

undang-undang dasar 1945 dirancang sejak

29 Mei sampai 16 juni 1945 oleh BPUPKI

pada sidang BPUPKI 2 menghasilkan

rumusan inti yang dicantumkan dalam

undang-undang dasar yaitu pernyataan

kemerdekaan Indonesia batang tubuh dan

pembukaan undang-undang dasar pada 7

Agustus 1945 BPUPKI dibubarkan dan 9

Agustus 1945 di kota Saigon Vietnam PPKI

diresmikan PPKI dibentuk guna

melanjutkan hasil kerja BPUPKI PPKI

sendiri berjumlah 21

[Musik]

Hai pada tanggal 18-08-1945 PPKI

melakukan sidang untuk membahas

mengambil keputusan kemudian mengesahkan

undang-undang dasar rapat pertama

diadakan di pejambon yang sekarang

dikenal sebagai Gedung Pancasila namun

sebelum secara resmi rapat itu

dilaksanakan berkembang isu yang sangat

krusial yang terkait dengan bunyi sila

pertama dalam Pancasila yaitu Ketuhanan

dengan kewajiban menjalankan syariat

Islam bagi pemeluk-pemeluknya sedangkan

rakyat Indonesia Timur yang umumnya

beragama Kristen Protestan dan Katolik

merasa keberatan dengan jurusan itu

salah satu tokohnya adalah Johanes

Latuharhary tentu hal ini menjadi

perhatian serius bagi Muhammad Hatta

beliau dalam hatinya menegaskan

Indonesia harus tetap bersatu tanggal

18-08-1945 pagi-pagi sebelum sidang PPKI

dimulai Bung Hatta

di tokoh-tokoh Islam yang cukup

berpengaruh seperti Ki bagus Hadikusumo

Wahid Hasyim Kasman singodimedjo dan

Tengku Hasan Bung Hatta dengan

kedudukannya yang cukup berpengaruh

berhasil meyakinkan para tokoh Islam itu

mereka sepakat daripada harus terjadi

perpecahan maka rela mengganti bunyi

sila pertama Pancasila dengan usulan Ki

bagus Hadikusumo semua sepakat bahwa

rumusan sila pertama Pancasila diganti

menjadi ketuhanan yang maha esa di dalam

acara pertama yakni pandangan umum Hatta

menegaskan bahwa penggantian bunyi sila

pertama Pancasila diambil karena suatu

pernyataan pokok mengenai seluruh bangsa

tidaklah tepat hanya menyangkut

identitas sebagian dari rakyat Indonesia

sekalipun merupakan bagian yang

mayoritas setelah diadakan revisi isi

draft pembukaan undang-undang dasar yang

tertera di dalam Piagam Jakarta itu

lahirlah Rumusan teks pancasila yang

dicantumkan dalam pembukaan

undang-undang dasar

45 dan kemudian disahkan pada sidang

PPKI tanggal 18 Agustus 1945 sidang

dilanjutkan dengan membahas bab per bab

dan pasal demi pasal pembahasan ini juga

cukup produktif dan berjalan dengan

lancar kemudian setelah jam istirahat

selesai sidang PPKI kembali dimulai

agenda utamanya yaitu pemilihan presiden

dan wakil presiden sebagai dasar hukum

pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden

tersebut harus disahkan dulu yakni pasal

3 dari aturan peralihan ini menandai

untuk pertama kalinya presiden dan wakil

presiden dipilih oleh PPKI ketika

pemilihan kertas suara sempat dibagikan

namun atas usul Otto Iskandardinata maka

secara aklamasi terpilihlah Insinyur

Soekarno sebagai presiden RI dan

Muhammad Hatta sebagai wakil presiden RI

sesudah itu pasal-pasal yang tersisa

yang berkaitan dengan aturan peralihan

dan aturan tambahan di

lucu kesimpulan yang dapat kita ambil

dari materi ini yaitu dalam sidang PPKI

tanggal 18 Agustus 1945 dihasilkannya

keputusan yaitu mengesahkan UUD 1945

menetapkan Insinyur Soekarno sebagai

presiden RI dan Muhammad Hatta sebagai

wakil presiden RI serta membentuk Komite

Nasional Indonesia Pusat UUD 1945 resmi

sebagai konstitusi Republik Indonesia

dalam konstitusi terdapat pandangan

hidup serta menjadikannya sumber hukum

yang utama sehingga tidak ada satupun

peraturan perundang-undangan yang

bertentangan dengan UUD 1945 demikianlah

materi pengesahan undang-undang Dasar

1945 serta pemilihan presiden dan wakil

presiden yang bisa saya sampaikan mohon

maaf apabila ada kesalahan kata terima

kasih dan sampai jumpa di lain

kesempatan

[Musik]

[Musik]