Presupuesto de gastos indirectos de fabricación

Summary

This script discusses the intricate process of calculating manufacturing overhead rates for budgeting. It defines indirect manufacturing costs, which include indirect materials, labor, and factory expenses not directly attributable to specific products. The script outlines the establishment of cost centers and the classification of costs into variable, fixed, and semi-variable categories. It also describes methods for budgeting indirect manufacturing costs, emphasizing collaboration with production and service departments and the importance of distributing these costs fairly across products.

Takeaways

• 🔍 Manufacturing overhead costs are a complex part of operational budgeting, involving indirect materials, indirect labor, and factory overhead expenses that cannot be directly attributed to specific products or tasks.
• 🏭 Indirect materials are necessary for product creation but are not identified by the product itself, while indirect labor does not affect the construction or composition of the finished product.
• 📊 Overhead costs include various factory expenses such as depreciation, insurance, supplies, maintenance, electricity, and water, which pose significant control and cost allocation challenges.
• 📈 Establishing cost centers is the first step to overcome the problem of overhead costs, with cost centers being groups of similar activities overseen by a specific person.
• 🔑 There are two main types of cost centers: productive cost centers, where material transformation of products occurs, and service cost centers, which indirectly support production departments.
• 🔄 Cost classification by variability is essential for budgeting, with costs categorized as variable, fixed, or semi-variable based on their behavior relative to production volume or other activity bases.
• 📉 Fixed costs remain constant regardless of changes in production, sales, or work volume, while variable costs change in direct proportion to these factors.
• 📈 Semi-variable costs vary with changes in production, sales, or activity but not in direct proportion, and their per-unit cost can fluctuate.
• 📋 The budgeting of manufacturing overhead costs involves close collaboration with department heads and includes estimating specific needs, calculating production costs, and distributing costs across departments.
• 📊 The final step in budgeting is to compute the rates or rates of manufacturing overhead costs for each productive department, ensuring a fair allocation of incurred costs to the products.

Q & A

What are indirect manufacturing costs?

Indirect manufacturing costs are expenses that cannot be easily attributed to specific units, jobs, or products. They include indirect materials, indirect labor, and various factory overheads such as depreciation, insurance, supplies, maintenance, and utilities.

What is the purpose of establishing cost centers?

Cost centers are established to group similar activities and functions for which a specific person is responsible. They help in controlling and assigning costs to products by identifying areas where costs are incurred.

What are the two types of cost centers mentioned in the script?

The two types of cost centers mentioned are productive cost centers, where material transformation of products occurs, and service cost centers, which indirectly support production departments.

How do variable costs behave in relation to production volume?

Variable costs change in direct proportion to changes in production volume or any other base of activity. They are fixed in total but variable per unit.

What are fixed costs in the context of manufacturing?

Fixed costs are those that remain constant regardless of changes in production, sales, or the volume of work done. They do not vary with the level of activity.

What are semi-variable costs and how do they differ from variable and fixed costs?

Semi-variable costs change with production, sales, or any other base of activity but not in direct proportion. Unlike variable costs, they do not change in direct relation, and unlike fixed costs, they are not constant for all levels of activity.

How are fixed manufacturing costs budgeted?

Fixed manufacturing costs are budgeted based on information from the previous period, unless significant changes related to charges are made or will be made, such as the acquisition of new machinery.

What is the process for budgeting variable manufacturing costs?

Variable manufacturing costs are budgeted based on the expected production rate and the respective budget. Historical records often provide a good basis for estimating these costs.

What methods are used to separate the fixed and variable components of semi-variable costs?

Methods such as the high-low method and the least squares method are used to separate the fixed and variable components of semi-variable costs by analyzing their behavior.

How is the budget for indirect manufacturing costs formulated?

The budget for indirect manufacturing costs is formulated in collaboration with the heads of productive and service departments. It involves converting specific production plan needs into work volume or activity for each department, estimating respective manufacturing costs, and prorating the total manufacturing costs over products based on rational bases.

What is the process for distributing factory costs to departments?

Factory costs are distributed to various departments, either productive or service, either directly if the origin of each expenditure is known or by adjusting to appropriate bases if the cost does not refer to a specific department.