An animated history of the world wide web | Mashable

Mashable

24 Feb 201501:37

Summary

TLDRThe history of the internet began with ARPANET in 1969, evolving into the modern internet with the introduction of email in 1972 and TCP in 1973. By the 1980s, independent networks emerged, and in 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. The 1990s saw the internet go public, the launch of the first search engine, and the first internet-enabled cell phone. By 2012, Facebook reached 1 billion users, reflecting the internet's rapid growth and impact.

Takeaways

🚀 **1969 ARPANET Inception**: The first data transmission between computers marked the beginning of ARPANET, which would evolve into the modern Internet.
🌐 **1971 Network Expansion**: By the end of 1971, ARPANET had grown to 15 nodes across the U.S., indicating the rapid expansion of the network.
💌 **1972 Email Introduction**: Email was introduced, revolutionizing digital communication and becoming a cornerstone of online interaction.
🛠️ **1974 TCP Creation**: The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was established, defining how information is transmitted across the network.
🌍 **1970s International Connections**: ARPANET expanded internationally, connecting to England and Norway, demonstrating the Internet's global reach.
🏛️ **1980s Independent Networks**: Various U.S. government-based networks emerged, including those from the Department of Energy, NASA, and the computer science community.
🌐 **1989 WWW Invention**: Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web at CERN, standardizing how different networks interact.
📡 **1990 Public Internet Access**: The first dial-up service provider was launched, allowing the general public direct access to the Internet.
🔍 **1993 Search Engine Launch**: The first search engine was introduced, making the web searchable and reducing reliance on indexes.
📱 **1996 Nokia's Internet Phone**: Nokia released the first Internet-enabled cell phone, integrating the Internet into mobile technology.
🌟 **2000 Web Growth**: The web reached 1 billion unique pages, showcasing the exponential growth of online content.
👥 **2012 Facebook Milestone**: Facebook reached 1 billion users, highlighting the Internet's social impact and widespread adoption.

Q & A

What was the significance of the first data transmission between computers in 1969?
-The first data transmission in 1969 marked the beginning of ARPANET, which was a precursor to the modern Internet. This event was significant as it laid the foundation for the development of a global network of interconnected computers.
How many nodes were connected to ARPANET by the end of 1971?
-By the end of 1971, there were 15 different nodes across the U.S. connected to ARPANET.
What was introduced in 1972 that would become a fundamental part of Internet communication?
-In 1972, electronic mail, or email, was introduced, which allowed for digital communication between users on the network.
What protocol was created in 1973 to establish how information flows between computers?
-The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was created in 1973 to establish the rules for how information is transmitted and routed between computers on the network.
When were the first international connections to ARPANET established, and in which countries?
-The first international connections to ARPANET were established in 1973 in England and Norway.
What was the role of the National Science Foundation in the development of computer networks in the 1980s?
-In the 1980s, the National Science Foundation funded the development of CSNET, a network for the computer science community, which contributed to the growth of independent networks across the country.
Who invented the World Wide Web, and where did this invention take place?
-Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 at the CERN Physics Laboratory in Switzerland.
When did the Internet become accessible to the general public, and where was the first service provider located?
-The Internet became accessible to the general public in 1990, with the launch of the first dial-up service provider in Brookline, Massachusetts.
What was the significance of the first search engine launched in 1993?
-The first search engine, launched in 1993, made the web searchable and reduced the need for manually maintained indexes, greatly enhancing the usability and accessibility of the Internet.
How many Americans were online by 1994, and what does this indicate about the growth of the Internet?
-By 1994, there were 11 million Americans online, indicating a rapid growth in Internet adoption and its increasing importance in daily life.
What milestone did Nokia achieve in 1996 with the release of the first Internet-enabled cell phone?
-In 1996, Nokia released the first Internet-enabled cell phone, marking a significant step towards the integration of mobile technology with Internet connectivity.
What does the growth to 1 billion unique web pages by 2000 signify about the Internet's expansion?
-The growth to 1 billion unique web pages by 2000 signifies the rapid expansion of content and information available on the Internet, reflecting its increasing role as a global information repository.
What does the milestone of 1 billion unique users on Facebook by 2012 say about the Internet's social impact?
-Reaching 1 billion unique users on Facebook by 2012 highlights the Internet's profound social impact, demonstrating how it has become integral to social interaction and community building on a global scale.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 The Evolution of the Internet

The script outlines the history of the internet, starting with the first data transmission between computers in 1969 by DARPA, which laid the foundation for ARPANET. By 1971, 15 nodes were connected across the U.S. In 1972, electronic mail was introduced, and the Transmission Control Protocol was created to regulate information flow. International connections were established in the mid-1970s. The 1980s saw the emergence of independent networks, and in 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web at CERN. The internet became accessible to the public in 1990, with the first dial-up service provider launching in Brookline, Massachusetts. The first search engine was launched in 1993, and by 1994, 11 million Americans were online. Nokia released the first internet-enabled cell phone in 1996, and by 2000, there were 1 billion unique web pages. Facebook reached 1 billion users by 2012.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡DARPA

DARPA, or the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, is a U.S. government agency responsible for the development of emerging technologies for national security. In the context of the video, DARPA was instrumental in the creation of ARPANET, the precursor to the modern Internet. This highlights the origins of the Internet as a government-funded research project aimed at connecting computers for information sharing.

💡ARPANET

ARPANET was the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP, laying the groundwork for the Internet. Created by DARPA, ARPANET initially connected a small number of computers at research institutions across the United States. It demonstrated the feasibility of networking and was the starting point for the Internet’s evolution, which is central to the video's theme of how the Internet developed into a global communication network.

💡Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a core protocol of the Internet protocol suite that establishes how data is transmitted between computers. It ensures reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data. Introduced in the 1970s, TCP was crucial for the Internet's ability to function as a global communication system, allowing different networks to communicate effectively, which underpins the concept of a connected world discussed in the video.

💡World Wide Web

The World Wide Web, invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. It enabled people to access information through browsers, creating the web as we know it today. This invention marked a turning point for the Internet, transforming it from a network of computers into a user-friendly information space accessible to the general public, a key moment highlighted in the video.

💡Internet Service Provider (ISP)

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet. The video mentions the first dial-up service provider launching in 1990, which made direct Internet access available to the public. ISPs played a critical role in popularizing the Internet, allowing millions to connect from their homes and businesses, which is essential to understanding the spread of Internet access.

💡Electronic Mail (Email)

Email, introduced in 1972, revolutionized communication by allowing users to send messages electronically across the ARPANET. This innovation marked one of the first major applications of the Internet, dramatically speeding up communication compared to traditional postal services. The video uses email as an example of early Internet technology that quickly became indispensable in everyday life.

💡Search Engine

A search engine is a software system designed to carry out web searches, allowing users to find information on the Internet. The video mentions the launch of the first search engine in 1993, which made navigating the growing web much easier by indexing and organizing web pages. Search engines are crucial for the user experience on the Internet, as they enable efficient information retrieval, aligning with the video's theme of accessibility and information flow.

💡Tim Berners-Lee

Tim Berners-Lee is a British computer scientist who invented the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN. His creation introduced the idea of using URLs, HTML, and HTTP to link information, allowing the Internet to become a space where users could easily navigate and access information. His contribution is pivotal to the video's narrative of how the Internet evolved into a user-friendly, universally accessible platform.

💡Net Neutrality

Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers should treat all data on the Internet equally, without discriminating or charging differently by user, content, or website. The video's discussion of the Internet's history underscores the importance of maintaining an open and accessible Internet, as envisioned in its early days, which directly ties into the debate over net neutrality and its impact on users’ rights to access information freely.

💡Internet-enabled Cell Phone

The first Internet-enabled cell phone, released by Nokia in 1996, represented a significant advancement in mobile technology by allowing users to access the Internet on the go. This innovation marked the beginning of mobile Internet access, which has since become a fundamental way people connect to the web, demonstrating the expanding reach and versatility of Internet technology as highlighted in the video.

Highlights

In 1969, researchers for DARPA sent the first data between computers in Los Angeles and Stanford, marking the birth of ARPANET.

By the end of 1969, more computers were added to ARPANET, expanding the network.

In 1971, ARPANET had 15 nodes connected across the U.S.

Electronic mail (email) was introduced in 1972, revolutionizing digital communication.

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was created in 1973, establishing how information flows between computers.

The first international connections to ARPANET were made in 1973, linking the U.S. to England and Norway.

By the mid-1970s, new government-based networks were emerging in the Department of Energy, NASA, and CSNET.

Throughout the 1980s, independent networks began popping up across the U.S.

In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web at CERN, providing a standard for connected networks to interact.

The internet went public in 1990, opening it up to global use.

In 1993, the first search engine was launched, making the web searchable and reducing the need for indexes.

By 1994, there were 11 million Americans online, marking a significant growth in internet adoption.

Nokia released the first internet-enabled cell phone in 1996, paving the way for mobile internet access.

By 2000, there were 1 billion unique pages on the web.

By 2012, Facebook had reached 1 billion unique users, showcasing the massive scale of social media.