V2X Technology and Deployment : Explanation of Technologies
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses the importance of V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) communication technology in enhancing traffic safety and operations. It outlines the US, European, and Japanese initiatives aiming for zero traffic fatalities, emphasizing V2X's non-networked exchanges, interoperability, and 360-degree coverage. The script details the FCC's allocation of 5.85-5.925 GHz spectrum for V2X, highlighting its applications in crash avoidance and infrastructure communication. It contrasts DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communication) with cellular V2X, underscoring DSRC's maturity and reliability for safety-critical applications. The script also addresses technical requirements for V2X, such as regular broadcasting of vehicle data and the need for mature, proven technology for vehicle safety.
Takeaways
- 🚦 The main goal of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is to improve traffic safety and operations, despite the ongoing occurrence of traffic collisions.
- 🌐 Leaders from academia, industry, and government are collaborating globally to expedite the deployment of Advanced ITS, known as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technology.
- 🇺🇸🇪🇺🇯 The U.S., Europe, and Japan have adopted slogans aiming for zero traffic accident fatalities or serious injuries, emphasizing the importance of V2X for safety.
- 📡 V2X communication is characterized by non-networked exchanges, interoperable protocols, omnidirectional 360-degree coverage, and operation within a 300-meter range, with minimal environmental impact.
- 🔒 V2X is designed with significant attention to security and privacy, ensuring low latency and protection from harmful interference.
- 📶 The U.S. Federal Communications Commission allocated the 5.85 to 5.925 GHz spectrum for V2X in 2003, providing a buffer against unlicensed Wi-Fi.
- 🚗 V2X is crucial for various crash scenarios and can enhance communication among vehicles, including those not directly connected, improving road safety.
- 🌐 The collective perception feature of V2X allows vehicles to 'see' beyond their line of sight, such as around curves or buildings, enhancing situational awareness.
- 📅 The deployment of V2X services using Cooperative Perception Messages and Maneuver Coordination Messages is anticipated by 2022 or 2023, with U.S. deployment expected by 2024 or 2025.
- 📉 The Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) channel plan could disrupt V2X services if implemented, as it threatens the existing 75 MHz allocation crucial for V2X messages.
- 🔑 The four key characteristics for V2X basic safety are communication with everyone, everywhere, with different generations of technology, and scalability.
Q & A
What is the main goal of implementing V2X technology?
-The main goal of implementing V2X (Vehicle to Everything) technology is to improve traffic safety and operations by facilitating communication between vehicles, infrastructure, and other road users.
What are the key regions focusing on reducing traffic accidents through V2X technology?
-The key regions focusing on reducing traffic accidents through V2X technology include the United States, Europe, and Japan, all of which have slogans for reducing traffic accidents with the goal of no deaths or serious injuries.
What are the main requirements for V2X technology according to the U.S. Department of Transportation?
-The main requirements for V2X technology are that exchanges are non-networked, protocols are interoperable and coexist in the same channel, devices are omnidirectional with 360 degrees of coverage, communications operate predominantly within a 300-meter range, and signals are largely unaffected by environmental conditions.
What frequency band was proposed by the Federal Communications Commission for V2X in the United States?
-The Federal Communications Commission proposed 5.85 to 5.925 gigahertz for V2X in the United States, with a buffer of 5 megahertz against unlicensed Wi-Fi under 5.850 gigahertz.
What is the significance of the 75 megahertz allocation for V2X in the United States?
-The 75 megahertz allocation is significant for U.S. road safety as it includes critical V2X services such as basic safety messages, vehicle to infrastructure messages, collective perception messages, maneuver coordination messages, messages for platooning, and CACC, and messages for vulnerable road users.
How does the use of collective perception messages enhance road safety?
-The use of collective perception messages allows vehicles to 'see' beyond their line of sight, further distances, and around obstructions such as curves and buildings. This advanced warning can reduce accident frequency and potentially save lives.
What is the expected timeline for the availability of services using CPM and MCM in the United States?
-Services using CPM (Cooperative Perception Messages) and MCM (Maneuver Coordination Messages) may be available in the near future, with completion expected by 2022 or 2023, and U.S. deployment expected by 2024 or 2025.
What are the four keywords important for V2X basic safety messages?
-The four keywords important for V2X basic safety messages are 'everyone,' 'everywhere,' 'different generations,' and 'scalability.' These keywords emphasize the need for reliable communication with all vehicles and infrastructures, in all places, across different generations of technology, and with the ability to scale under congestion.
What are the two major categories of V2X communication?
-The two major categories of V2X communication are direct communication for vehicles and infrastructure systems called V2X, and communication through telecommunication networks called V2N (Vehicle to Network).
What is DSRC and why is it significant for V2X technology?
-DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communication) is a V2X technology specifically developed for transportation safety applications. It is significant because it is a well-established and proven technology with stability, which is a key factor for vehicles and transportation systems.
How does DSRC differ from LTE V2X in terms of communication reliability?
-DSRC uses a CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) technology, allowing typically only one car to occupy the channel at a time, ensuring all surrounding vehicles can receive the transmission. In contrast, LTE V2X uses resource units of time and frequency, which can lead to persistent packet collision, half-duplex, and near-far problems, potentially making it less reliable than DSRC.
Outlines
🚦 Introduction to V2X Technology
The script discusses the importance of improving traffic safety through the deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), specifically Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technology. V2X aims to prevent traffic collisions by enabling communication between vehicles, infrastructure, and other road users. The script highlights the efforts of leaders from academia, industry, and government to accelerate V2X deployment. It outlines the U.S. Department of Transportation's requirements for V2X, including non-networked exchanges, interoperable protocols, omnidirectional coverage, and operation within a 300-meter range. V2X is designed for specific crash scenarios and offers security and privacy protection with low latency and resistance to interference. The Federal Communications Commission allocated a frequency band for V2X in the U.S., and the technology is expected to be deployed by 2024 or 2025, with the potential to reduce accidents and save lives.
🌐 Key Characteristics of V2X for Basic Safety
This paragraph emphasizes the critical characteristics of V2X technology for basic safety, focusing on four key aspects: communication with 'everyone,' ensuring all vehicles and infrastructures can communicate; 'everywhere,' covering various locations including rural and tunnel areas; 'different generations,' requiring backward compatibility for vehicles with different technologies; and 'scalability,' maintaining reliable communication even in congested traffic. The paragraph also discusses the importance of mature communication technology for V2X and differentiates between direct V2X communication for safety and network-based V2N communication for data transmission. It mentions DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communication) as a proven V2X technology and contrasts it with cellular V2X, highlighting the need for a hybrid communication approach that combines both technologies.
📡 DSRC and Cellular V2X: A Comparative Analysis
The script compares DSRC and cellular V2X technologies, emphasizing DSRC's established ecosystem and its evolution into Next Generation V2X (NGV), which ensures interoperability and backward compatibility. It contrasts this with cellular V2X, which lacks these features and requires a separate spectrum. The paragraph discusses the implementation of DSRC in various regions and the movement towards cellular V2X in China, where pilot projects are underway. It also addresses the challenges of cellular networks in early deployment phases and the confusion caused by advertisements about cellular technology's suitability for V2X. The paragraph concludes by stressing the importance of adopting reliable and proven technology for vehicle safety, given the long life cycle of vehicles compared to phones.
🚗 Technical Requirements and Challenges of V2X Communications
This section delves into the technical requirements and challenges of V2X communications, highlighting the need for each car to broadcast its location and speed regularly and for nearby cars to reliably receive this information. It explains the differences between DSRC and LTE V2X in terms of communication mechanisms, with DSRC using a contention-based approach to minimize collisions, while LTE V2X uses resource allocation that can lead to persistent packet collisions, half-duplex issues, and near-far problems. The paragraph argues that these issues make LTE V2X less reliable than DSRC for V2X safety services. It also discusses the need for LTE V2X to mature and prove its effectiveness in challenging communication scenarios before it can be widely adopted for vehicle safety.
🌟 Global Deployment and Future of DSRC V2X Technology
The final paragraph discusses the global deployment of DSRC V2X technology, which is seen as the only mature and proven technology for direct V2X communication. It notes the installation of roadside units in the U.S. and the steady progress in deploying DSRC V2X infrastructure in Japan, Europe, and the U.S. The script emphasizes the collaboration of experts worldwide in developing DSRC and its validation for real-world use. It concludes by stating that the continued expansion of DSRC V2X technologies and the allocation of dedicated spectrum will lead to safer and smarter transportation systems, ultimately contributing to more efficient use of transportation resources and enhanced safety goals.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)
💡ITS (Intelligent Transportation System)
💡Interoperability
💡Backward Compatibility
💡Omnidirectional Coverage
💡DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communication)
💡LTE V2X
💡5G NR V2X
💡Scalability
💡Coexistence
💡Cellular V2X
Highlights
Improving traffic safety and operations is the main goal, with traffic collisions still a challenge.
Leaders from academia, industry, and government collaborate to accelerate the deployment of advanced ITS.
V2X or Vehicle-to-Everything is explained as a communication technology for traffic safety.
The US, Europe, and Japan have goals for reducing traffic accidents, aiming for no deaths or serious injuries.
V2X requirements include non-networked exchanges, interoperable protocols, and backward compatibility.
Devices for V2X should have 360-degree coverage and operate within a 300-meter range.
V2X is designed for specific crash scenarios and provides security and privacy protection with low latency.
The US Federal Communications Commission allocated 5.85 to 5.925 GHz for ITS in 1999.
V2X requires 75 MHz for US road safety, including various critical services.
Collective perception messages allow vehicles to see further distances and around obstructions.
Connected infrastructure can spot non-connected vehicles and vulnerable road users.
Maneuver coordination messages let vehicles know what other vehicles intend to do ahead of time.
Services using CPM and MCM may be available by 2022 or 2023, with US deployment expected by 2024 or 2025.
The basic characteristics needed for V2X basic safety include reliable communication with everyone, everywhere, and with different generations.
V2X basic safety requires mature communication technology that has been verified over many years.
DSRC is a V2X technology developed specifically for transportation safety applications.
DSRC is designed to evolve into its next generation technology, NGV, ensuring interoperability and backward compatibility.
LTE V2X and Future NR V2X do not have the same interoperability, coexistence, or backward compatibility as DSRC and NGV.
China is moving towards the introduction of Cellular V2X, based on 3GPP Release 14.
5G NR V2X will require further standards for analysis, evaluation, and vehicle safety before being used on the road.
DSRC is more reliable than LTE V2X due to its mature technology and satisfaction of V2X requirements.
DSRC technologies have been validated for real-world use in Japan, the United States, and Europe.
Continued expansion of DSRC V2X technologies will make transportation systems safer and smarter.
Transcripts
[Music]
improving
traffic safety and operations is our
main goal
however traffic collisions still occur
leaders from academia industry and
government are working together
to accelerate the deployment of advanced
its
or intelligent transportation system a
type of communication technology to
tackle this global challenge
we will explain v2x or vehicle to
everything
as a typical its for safety
[Music]
the us europe and japan all have slogans
for reducing traffic accidents
with the goal of no deaths or serious
injuries
according to the u.s department of
transportation
the main requirements for v2x are that
exchanges are non-networked
[Music]
protocols are interoperable coexistence
in the same channel
and must be backward compatible
devices are omnidirectional with 360
degrees of coverage
communications operate predominantly
within a 300 meter range
signals are largely unaffected by
environmental conditions
also v2x is uniquely crafted for certain
crash scenarios
it can also be used in other vehicles
communications have been designed for
significant security and privacy
protection
with low latency
[Music]
free from harmful interference
[Music]
coverage with scalability high
reliability
and stability
[Music]
in the united states the federal
communications commission proposed 5.85
to 5.925 gigahertz for its in 1999
and announced it in 2003 making a buffer
of 5 megahertz against unlicensed wi-fi
under 5.850 gigahertz
[Music]
v2x requires 75 megahertz for u.s
road safety this allocation includes
critical v2x services such as basic
safety messages
vehicle to infrastructure messages
collective perception messages
maneuver coordination messages messages
for platooning
and cacc and messages for vulnerable
road users
to name a few this requirement was
calculated by multiple independent
sources
including sae and c2cc
the use of collective perception
messages allows vehicles to see what
they otherwise could not
further distances and around
obstructions such as curves and
buildings
connected infrastructure or a connected
vehicle can spot non-connected vehicles
and non-connected vulnerable road users
such as pedestrians
bicycles scooters motorcycles and road
workers
that information is transmitted to other
vehicles whose drivers do not have a
line of sight to the non-connected
objects
allowing the vehicles to react ahead of
time faster than they could otherwise
this advanced warning can reduce
accident frequency
and potentially save lives even when not
all of the vehicles involved
are connected
maneuver coordination messages allow
vehicles to know what other vehicles
intend to do ahead of time with the
existing 75 megahertz allocation
services using cpm and mcm may be
available in the near future
with completion expected by 2022 or 2023
and u.s deployment is expected by 2024
or 2025. however if the nprm
or noticed of proposed rulemaking
channel plan is implemented
this service will be lost
these channel allocations have been used
to support a basic set of v2x messages
that lay the groundwork for a wide range
of applications that are beneficial to
the public
they require the entirety of the
existing 75 megahertz for real-world use
what are the basic characteristics
needed for v2x basic safety
[Music]
there are often discussions focusing on
communications performance
such as packet error rate and
communication range
but there are other more important
indicators
these four keywords are important for
v2x basic safety messages
the keywords are everyone
everywhere different generations
and scalability
[Music]
v2x basic safety requires reliable
communication
with everyone
if some vehicles or infrastructures
cannot communicate with each other
v2x basic safety services will not work
[Music]
in order to communicate with all
vehicles and infrastructures
interoperable technology is key for v2x
basic safety
[Music]
v2x basic safety requires reliable
communication
everywhere
[Music]
vehicles travel to various places
outside of urban and residential areas
where not so many infrastructures are
deployed
such as mountains
or through tunnels
[Music]
and v2x basic safety requires reliable
communication
with different generations the average
life of a vehicle is 12 to 15 years
so if new technologies are replaced one
after another
new vehicles and old vehicles won't be
able to communicate with each other
and v2x basic safety services will not
work in order to communicate between old
vehicles and new vehicles
backward compatibility is necessary for
v2x
communication technology
[Music]
in addition v2x basic safety requires
reliable communication with scalability
to be able to communicate reliably even
under congestion
communication should not be lost when
there's too much traffic
communication for each vehicle must be
reliable
even when congested
most importantly communication
technology must be
mature for v2x basic safety
mature means that the technology has
been verified over many years
tested in traffic and other various
scenarios
[Music]
its communications have two major
categories
direct communication for vehicles and
infrastructure systems
called v2x and v2n
where signals are communicated through
telecommunication networks
[Music]
v2n is used to connect vehicles and has
been used for many years
direct v2x communication is suitable for
collision avoidance
and automated driving
while network-based v2n is good for
sending large amounts of data to broad
areas
[Music]
dsrc dedicated short-range communication
is a v2x technology specifically
developed for transportation safety
applications
an appropriate mix of these two
different technologies
v2x and v2n is a good approach for its
communication
this mix is sometimes called hybrid
communication
and has already been applied to vehicle
and infrastructure systems around the
world
dsrc technology for safety is developed
based on well-established
stable wi-fi technology there are recent
proposals to use cellular technology for
direct v2x communication
there may be some confusion about dsrc
and cellular v2x
here are some things to know
dsrc is a well-established and proven
technology
its stability is a key factor for
vehicles and transportation
systems due to its long history and
promises of future success and evolution
a misinterpretation of this stability is
that it is an obsolete technology
but again this stability is an important
factor
for transportation systems
[Music]
dsrc is also designed to evolve into its
next generation technology
properly named ngv or next generation
v2x
experts are developing this next
generation of technology now
under ieee
since ngv is an evolution of dsrc
it is designed to assure
interoperability coexistence
and backward compatibility with dsrc
ngv does not require spectrum separate
from dsrc
dsrc already has a well-established
ecosystem
and it will be further enhanced to
evolve with ngv
by contrast there is no interoperability
same channel coexistence or backward
compatibility
between lte v2x and futures nrv2x
nrv2x requires a separate spectrum from
the lte v2x
that is the reason why only dsrc and ngv
have an evolution path with
interoperability
same channel coexistence and backward
compatibility
dsrc has already been implemented in
japan
europe and the united states
while in china the government and
private sectors are moving toward the
introduction of another technology
often called cellular v2x
but it is lte v2x pc5 based on 3gpp
release 14.
a number of pilot projects are underway
in china to deploy
lte v2x and v2n applications
for infotainment
v2n using a cellular technology has a
good possibility for infotainment
because it enables transportation
authorities to monitor vehicles
in a broad area to improve traffic
operations
v2n by definition requires the use of
commercial cellular networks by carriers
to start with lte is a voice and data
communication technology
following on from 3g and 4g we are now
starting to welcome in
5g which features high capacity
ultra high speeds substantial
connectivity capability
and low latency
however it needs a dedicated
infrastructure that will require
enormous cost and time to build out
[Music]
and the fact is that cellular networks
employ base stations as translation
devices between generations
but direct v2x has no such translation
device
as such places with 5g connections are
limited in the early deployment phase
various advertisements questioning
whether cellular communication
technology can be used for v2x are
causing confusion
[Music]
adopting technology for phones that are
replaced on average every two to three
years
differs from the adopted technology for
the life cycle of vehicles
which is approximately 12 to 15 years in
the u.s
europe and japan
established reliable and proven
technology
is necessary for cars where safety is
paramount
[Music]
3gpp release 14 specifies direct v2x
communication technology based on lte
technology however since the us standard
sae j3161-1
which defines the minimum requirements
for v2v
basic safety messages transmission has
not yet been determined
release 14 lte v2x technology
has not been fully tested in various
scenarios and aspects
such as scalability in congested
scenarios for v2x
safety communications
release 16 specifies a new radio access
technology for direct v2x based on 5g
technology referred to as new radio
the release 16 standard was completed in
june 2020
release 17 will enhance 5g nr v2x
technology 5g nrv2x will require further
standards for analysis
evaluation and vehicle safety before it
can be used on the road
for safe driving what are the technical
requirements being sought for v2x
communications one of the difficulties
with v2x is that you don't know which
car will need to send specific
information
nor who will need to receive that
information
for this reason it's necessary to adopt
technology that will allow
each car to broadcast its location and
speed at regular intervals
and also allow nearby cars to reliably
receive that information
[Music]
let's see why dsrc is more reliable than
lte v2x
[Music]
dsrc utilizes a csma with ca technology
randomly the vehicle first confirms that
no other car is transmitting before
sending out data
with this mechanism typically only one
car
occupies the channel at a time thus
all surrounding vehicles are able to
receive the transmission
as long as each car periodically carries
out these random transmissions
the communications are achieved
dsrc is a mature technology that
satisfies the v2x requirements
[Music]
on the other hand with lte v2x pc5
the time resources are divided into one
millisecond subframes
the frequency resources are divided into
10 sub channels
these are the resource units that cars
use to communicate
each car checks the usage status of the
resource for the most recent one second
and then randomly selects one of the
resources that is in the bottom twenty
percent
of power consumption to communicate
the resource selected by each car is
used every 100 milliseconds
after a resource is selected the
transmitter doesn't check to see if
anyone else is transmitting before
starting to transmit
the resource usage is known as
semi-persistent scheduling
lte v2x differs from dsrc
in that it allows simultaneous
communication among multiple cars using
different sub channels
each of which repeatedly uses its same
selected resource
due to these differences this may result
in several
issues
the first issue is the persistent packet
collision problem
if multiple cars select the same
resource communications using that
resource will repeatedly collide
the second issue is the persistent half
duplex problem
when multiple cars transmit
simultaneously
even if different sub channels are used
they will not be able to hear each
other while transmitting the more sub
channels that are set
the more likely it is that this issue
will occur
[Music]
the third issue is the persistent
near-far problem
in the situation noted above according
to the positional relationship of the
receiving vehicle
the strength of the signal from a nearby
car will be too strong
meaning that there is a possibility it
will not be able to hear the
transmission from a car that is farther
away
[Music]
because of these issues lte v2x can be
unreliable
due to the persistent packet loss to
combat this
packets are usually duplicated and sent
twice
as a result lte v2x requires twice as
much bandwidth
as dsrc or ngv
so when traffic is congested there is a
risk that this will further exacerbate
the issue
for lte v2x pc5 to mature as a v2x
communication technology
it will need to prove that communication
in difficult circumstances can be
established
[Music]
this summary compares dsrc to lte v2x
from
a safety perspective in order to be
installed in vehicles
the first priority is safety and the v2x
technology used for vehicles must be
mature and reliable
for v2x safety services let us consider
v2x safety
for both car manufacturers and related
suppliers
[Music]
in the united states europe and japan
dsrc is deployed as the only mature and
proven technology
for direct v2x communication because
dsrc technology was developed
specifically to satisfy
transportation safety purposes by
experts around the world
[Music]
through collaboration dsrc technologies
have already been validated for
and deployed in real-world use in japan
the united states and europe
approximately 9 200 rsus or roadside
units have already been installed in the
united states
by usdot and state departments of
transportation
as of july 2020 and 12 400 units in
total will be installed soon
numbers of roadside units and
infrastructure are progressing steadily
in each region of the united states
europe and japan
through the continued expansion of
deployed dsrc
v2x technologies in japan europe
and the united states as well as
continued allocation of
already allocated dedicated v2x spectrum
our transportation systems will become
safer
and smarter while using our
transportation resources
more efficiently dsrc
v2x technologies have been expanding
for our ultimate safety goals
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