Non-Mendelian Genetics (Co-dominance): Knowledge Catalog Grade 9 Biology #8
Summary
TLDRThis educational video from the Knowledge Catalog series delves into grade 9 biology, focusing on non-Mendelian inheritance patterns. It's divided into activities and discussions, starting with an exploration of phenotypes and genotypes in incomplete dominance using Punnett squares. The video then discusses codominance, contrasting it with complete dominance. Finally, a 'mystery ball' activity challenges viewers to determine the father of calves among mixed herds, applying genetic principles to real-life scenarios. The video aims to enhance understanding of biological sciences through interactive learning.
Takeaways
- 🌟 This video is part of a series on grade 9 biology, focusing on explaining patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance.
- 📚 The session is divided into an activity on phenotypes and genotypes in incomplete dominance, a discussion about codominance, and a mystery ball activity.
- 🔬 Incomplete dominance is a non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance where the phenotype is a blend of both parental traits, illustrated using a Punnett square.
- 🌺 The activity involves crossing four o'clock plants with different flower colors to demonstrate incomplete dominance.
- 🐄 Codominance is another non-Mendelian pattern where both dominant traits are expressed in the phenotype, such as in the case of red and white cows producing roan offspring.
- 🧬 The mystery ball activity involves determining the possible sire of calves born to a herd of red cows, using genotypes and Punnett squares.
- 📊 The activity requires calculating phenotypic percentages of the offspring based on the crosses made.
- 📝 Materials needed for the activities include an activity sheet, manila paper, and a marking pen for visual demonstrations.
- 🤔 The video poses questions to the viewer, such as determining the possible phenotypes of calves and how to apply the learned concepts to improve livestock breeds.
- 📈 The session aims to help viewers understand the practical application of genetic principles in animal breeding for traits like meat quality and milk production.
- 👨🏫 The video is created by a high school teacher in the Philippines who develops educational content to enhance teaching and learning.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video script?
-The main focus of the video script is to explain non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, specifically incomplete dominance and codominance, through activities and discussions in the context of biology.
What is the first activity in the script?
-The first activity is about phenotypes and genotypes in incomplete dominance, where students are expected to use a Punnett square to show the possible outcomes of crosses involving four o'clock plants with different flower colors.
What are the objectives of activity number one?
-The objectives of activity number one are to explain the incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance and to illustrate it using a Punnett square for a cross involving this pattern.
What materials are needed for the activities in the script?
-The materials needed for the activities include an activity sheet, manila paper, and a marking pen for visual representation of the Punnett squares and other diagrams.
How many types of gametes will each parent produce in problem number one?
-In problem number one, each parent with genotype 'rw' will produce two types of gametes.
What is the phenotype of a heterozygous four o'clock flower as per the script?
-The phenotype of a heterozygous four o'clock flower is pink flowers.
What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance as discussed in the script?
-In incomplete dominance, the phenotype is a blend of the two traits (e.g., pink flowers from red and white parents), while in codominance, both traits are expressed in the phenotype (e.g., red and white patches on a cow's hide).
What is the mystery ball activity about?
-The mystery ball activity involves determining the possible sire of calves born to a herd of red cows after a mix-up with neighboring bulls, using genetic principles and Punnett squares.
What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring from the crosses in the mystery ball activity?
-The possible phenotypes of the offspring include red, roan, and white, depending on the genotype of the mating bulls and the red cows.
How can the knowledge from this script be applied to improve livestock breeds?
-The knowledge can be applied by animal breeders to crossbreed animals to obtain desired traits, which can improve livestock in terms of meat quality, milk production, and other desirable characteristics.
What suggestions can be given to animal breeders based on the script?
-Suggestions for animal breeders include understanding and utilizing genetic principles like incomplete dominance and codominance to guide their breeding practices for improved livestock traits.
Outlines
🌱 Incomplete Dominance in Genetics
This paragraph introduces a biology lesson focusing on non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, specifically incomplete dominance. The session is structured with an activity and discussion, aiming to explain the concept using real-world examples like four o'clock plants. The activity involves using a Punnett square to predict the outcomes of crosses between plants with different flower colors, illustrating the inheritance of traits that do not follow simple Mendelian ratios. Key questions address the types of gametes produced, phenotypes of heterozygous plants, and possible phenotypes and genotypes of offspring.
🐄 Codominance and Livestock Breeding
The second paragraph delves into codominance, another non-Mendelian inheritance pattern, using the example of cows with different coat colors. It contrasts codominance with complete dominance, highlighting how both dominant traits are expressed in the phenotype. The discussion is followed by an activity called 'Mystery Ball,' which involves a scenario where a farmer's red cows have been bred with unknown bulls, and the task is to determine the possible sire and offspring traits using Punnett squares. The activity aims to apply genetic principles to a practical problem, with questions guiding the learner to predict calf phenotypes and genotypes.
🔍 Applying Genetics to Animal Breeding
The final paragraph wraps up the session with a focus on how the learned concepts can be applied to improve livestock breeds. It suggests that animal breeders can use crossbreeding to introduce desired traits, enhancing meat quality and milk production. The paragraph also encourages learners to consider how their understanding of genetics can benefit local animal breeding practices. It concludes with a call to action for viewers to support the content creator, a high school teacher in the Philippines, and hints at the possibility of more educational content in the future.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Incomplete Dominance
💡Phenotypes
💡Genotypes
💡Punnett Square
💡Codominance
💡Alleles
💡Heterozygous
💡Gametes
💡Mystery Ball
💡Crossbreeding
Highlights
Introduction to the knowledge catalog focusing on grade 9 biology.
Exploring the fourth learning competency related to explaining non-Mendelian inheritance patterns.
Activity one focuses on phenotypes and genotypes in incomplete dominance.
Objectives of activity one include explaining incomplete dominance and illustrating it using a Punnett square.
Materials needed for face-to-face instructions include an activity sheet, manila paper, and a marking pen.
Crossing two pink flowered four o'clock plants to show possible outcomes using a Punnett square.
Crossing a red and a pink flowered four o'clock plant to demonstrate incomplete dominance.
Question and answer session about gametes, phenotypes, and genotypes of the offspring.
Discussion on codominance as a non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance.
Codominance is characterized by the expression of both dominant traits in the phenotype.
Activity two, 'Mystery Ball,' aims to determine the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a crossbreeding scenario.
Objectives of activity two include listing genotypes, completing a Punnett square, and calculating phenotypic percentages.
A scenario involving purebred red cows and potential crossbreeding with neighboring bulls.
Using Punnett squares to determine the possible traits of calves from different crosses.
Questions about identifying the father of the calves and the implications for the breeder.
Suggestions for animal breeders on improving livestock breeds and milk production.
Encouragement for viewers to subscribe and support the channel for more educational content.
Transcripts
[Music]
welcome to the knowledge catalog this is
a continuation of the series
grade 9 science actually this is more
like grade 9 biology
and so this is still biological sciences
and this is
our fourth learning competency which is
uh towards explaining the different
patterns of non-mendelian inheritance
if you have your learner's module with
you open them in unit 1
module 2 pages 4 to 8. let's begin
this session is divided into the
following parts the first part is an
activity
activity number one entitled phenotypes
and genotypes in incomplete dominance
part two is a discussion about
codominance
three is activity number two mystery
ball
let us begin with part one activity
activity number one is entitled
phenotypes and genotypes in incomplete
dominance
it has the following objectives the
first one
explains incomplete dominance pattern of
inheritance
and then the second one is illustrated
by means of punnett square
a cross involving incomplete dominance
pattern of inheritance
realize that incomplete dominance is a
non-mendelian pattern of
inheritance if you are going to have
face-to-face
instructions you will be needing the
following materials
first is an activity sheet which
actually is found on your box
the second one is manila paper and the
last one a marking pen
okay so for activity number one we have
the following um
just focus on the following okay so
number one
is you need to read the problem in four
o'clock plants
r is the allele for red color and w is
the allele for
white color two pink flowered four
o'clock plants
were crossed show the possible outcome
of the cross between
two pink flowered four o'clock plants by
using
the punnett square i will be giving a
moment
to do this part of the activity
if you have continued to watch this
video that means you're ready for the
second part
read the given problem now another cross
was made involving a red flowered
four o'clock plant and a pink flowered
four o'clock plant
show the possible outcome of the cross
between two pink flowered
four o'clock plants by using the punnett
square
i will give you a moment to finish this
part of the activity
if you have decided to continue let us
now move on
let's answer question number one how
many types of gametes
will each parent produce in problem
number one
in problem number two
question number two what is the
phenotype of a heterozygous
four o'clock flower
question number three what are the
possible phenotypes of the offspring
from the cross
of the parental plants in problem number
one
in problem number two
question number four what are the
possible genotypes of the
offspring from the cross of the parental
plants in problem number one
in problem number two
we are done dealing with the questions i
hope you have already finalized your
answers
let us answer them the answer for
question number one
problem number one two types of gametes
for each parent
since their genotypes are rw and rw
problem number two one parent will have
one type of gamete and the other two
types of gametes
since their genotypes are rr and rw
answer to question number two pink
flowers
answer to question number three problem
number one
pink and red flowers problem number two
red pink and white flowers
question number answer the question
number four problem number one is
rr rw and ww
problem number two rr and rw
that ends activity number one phenotypes
and genotypes in
incomplete dominance the second part of
this session is going to be a discussion
regarding codominance we will be
focusing this discussion particularly on
cows
so notice that the first cow right here
is red
it's actually just considered to be red
even though it looks quite brownish
this one right here is white
this one right here is called ron or rw
co-dominance is a non-mendelian pattern
of inheritance where both of the
dominant traits
are expressed in the phenotype and the
genotype
you remember in complete dominance where
the
dominance of each of those alleles is
only expressed
in the genotype and not in the phenotype
because neither of those two dominant
traits
are expressed instead of expressing red
and white it expressed pink
that ends the discussion for codominance
remember
that the expression of traits is going
to be done
in the phenotype and the genotype
activity number two mystery bowl is the
last part of this session
we have the following objectives the
first objective is
list the genotypes of the bull and cow
in the given problem
the second objective is diagram and
complete
a punnett square the third objective is
give phenotypic
percentages of the offspring
the materials to be need to be used are
the following manila paper
and marking pen of course these are
applicable if we have face-to-face
instruction
read the following problem marcelino
owns a purebred
owns pure bread red cows in his farm he
noticed
that after after typhoon several months
ago
all of the fences that separate his
cattle from his neighbor's cattle
were destroyed during the time that the
fences were down
three bulls one from each neighbor
mingled with his cows
for a while he thought that none of the
bulls found his cows
but over the months he noticed that all
of his cows are pregnant
he suspected that one of the bulls is
the father
which ball is it help man marcelino look
for the father
by solving the given problem
this determine the possible traits of
the calves if
a red r pull is mated
with a red cow number one
next is a red r bull is mated with a
white
cow too next and last
a roan rw is mated with a red
rr cow three
note that you have to illustrate your
answers
through a punnett square
question number five is as follows will
you be able to chase the father
of the calves what are the possible
phenotypes of the calves for each cow
question number six do you think you
will make
mon marcelino happy about the result of
your investigation
question number seven how are you going
to explain it to him
question number 8 how would you apply
what you learned to improve the breeds
of livestock
in your area
question number nine what possible
suggestions can you give to animal
breeders
in your area
now that we have already encountered the
questions let us deal
with the answers i hope that you have
already finalized
your own answers before you proceed to
this part of this video lesson
the answer to question number five is
yes
cow one will have red calves cow two
will have
rhone calves cow three will have red
and drone calves
answer to question number six is yes
answer to question number seven is
answers
may vary
answers to quite answer to question
number eight answers
may vary
the answer to question number nine is as
follows
so in the first punnett square you see
there that
you all have red offspring
in the cross between two red cows
the answer to question number nine we
have a possible answer here
so animal breeders can cross breed
animals for them to get desired traits
that will improve livestock in terms of
meat quality
and milk production us now proceed with
the second one with the second
bonnet square so if you perform a cross
between a red and a white cow
you will get grown offsprings
in the last bonnet square if you perform
a cross between
a round cow and a red
bull you will be getting
the following so me mango red merong
roan
that ends activity number one phenotypes
and genotypes in incomplete dominance
this is this all right if i'm a second
this is session number eight
i say it has the following parts the
first part is an activity number one
phenotypes and genotypes in incomplete
dominance
and then a discussion about codominance
and activity number two
mystery ball so yeah let me correct the
previous
thing i told you the title of that
activity was
mystery ball
this is a knowledge catalogue it is a
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creator yours truly
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