Designing the Conceptual Framework~GM Lectures

Summary

This educational video script delves into the concept of a conceptual framework in research, highlighting its role as a synthesis of literature and an analytical tool. It outlines the framework's purposes, such as defining research scope, organizing study direction, and clarifying concepts. The script explores common paradigm models like IPO, IVDV, PC, and P models, each suited for different research types. It also emphasizes the importance of a researcher's originality in creating a scientific and logical framework, providing examples and tips for constructing an effective one.

Takeaways

• 📚 A conceptual framework is a researcher's synthesis of literature to explain a phenomenon, mapping out actions and variables in a study.
• 🔍 It serves as an analytical tool, outlining key factors or variables and their presumed relationships.
• 🎯 The framework provides the rationale and foundational basis for the research, showing how variables connect.
• 🚧 It defines the scope and limitations, identifying what will be investigated and what won't, as per Pulmonis in 2016.
• 📊 It organizes the research study, showing the direction and sequence of research activities.
• 👀 It enables readers to understand the research, including the activities to be performed and how they will be carried out.
• 🔗 It clarifies concepts and their interrelationships within the research context.
• 🌐 Paradigm models are visual representations of research studies, showing variables and their relationships.
• 🔬 Common types include IPO (Input Process Output), IVDV (Independent Variable Dependent Variable), PC (Predictor Criterion), and P (Program) models.
• 🏫 The IPO model is used to isolate factors causing a problem, while IVDV is for experiment-based studies with observable independent variables affecting dependent variables.
• 📊 The PC model is for non-experimental studies, assessing influence between variables, and the P model is for proposing programs or interventions.
• 🏥 The PO Model is used for original research paradigms, requiring a scientific approach without a specific pattern.
• ✍️ When writing a framework, understand its objective, base it on your research elements, relate all aspects to research goals, and seek feedback for improvement.

Q & A

What is a conceptual framework in research?

A conceptual framework represents the researcher's synthesis of literature on how to explain a phenomenon. It maps out the actions required in the course of the study, given the researcher's previous knowledge, other researchers' points of view, and observations on the subject of research.

Why is a conceptual framework important in research?

A conceptual framework is important as it offers the rationality and fundamental basis of the entire research. It also shows the understanding of the researcher regarding how the variables connect with each other.

What are the purposes of a conceptual framework according to Pulmonis in 2016?

According to Pulmonis in 2016, a conceptual framework defines the scope and limitations of the study, identifies what will and will not be investigated, shows the organization order and direction of a research study, enables readers to obtain a general understanding of the research, and clarifies concepts and their relationships.

Can you explain the IPO model in research?

The IPO model, also known as the Input Process Output model, is largely used when the research attempts to isolate the factor or major variable that causes the problem, subject, or phenomenon under investigation. It includes the profile of the subjects, the roles they play, and the final outcome of the study once data has been gathered and analyzed.

What is the IVDV model and when is it used?

The IVDV model, also known as the Independent Variable Dependent Variable model, is used in experiment-based studies. It is used when there are higher-order questions that are situation-relating. In this model, independent variables influence the dependent variables, which are then observed and measured by researchers.

How does the PC model differ from the IVDV model?

The PC model, also known as the Predictor Criterion model, is used for non-experimental research studies. It focuses on relationships, associations, differences, and impacts between variables. Unlike the IVDV model, the PC model uses predictor and criterion variables instead of independent and dependent variables.

What is the P model in research and when is it used?

The P model is used in research studies that propose a program or any intervention measure. It fits situations producing a level of questioning and can be an expanded version of existing models. It is used when the study aims to propose a program or intervention based on the research findings.

What is the PO model and how does it relate to the other models?

The PO model is not explicitly mentioned in the script, but it could be inferred as a model that focuses on the relationship between a predictor variable and an outcome. It may relate to other models by emphasizing the predictive nature of certain variables on the outcome of interest.

What are some pointers for writing a conceptual framework as discussed by Baraceros?

Baraceros suggests that when writing a conceptual framework, one should familiarize themselves with the objective, base the contents on their understanding of the elements and relationships, ensure all aspects relate to the research objective, and let others read it for comments and feedback.

Why is it important to let others review your conceptual framework?

Letting others review your conceptual framework is important for obtaining feedback and comments for improvement. It helps ensure that the framework is clear, logically structured, and effectively communicates the research's purpose and methodology.

How does a conceptual framework help in understanding the research structure?

A conceptual framework helps in understanding the research structure by showing the relationships between variables and other factual elements involved in the study. It provides a clear view of the research's basic structure and how the components are interconnected.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Understanding the Conceptual Framework

The paragraph introduces the concept of a conceptual framework in research, emphasizing its role as a synthesis of literature to explain phenomena. It outlines the framework as a tool that clarifies the main concepts and variables under investigation, including their presumed relationships. The paragraph also details the purposes of a conceptual framework: defining the study's scope, providing organization and direction, aiding reader comprehension, and clarifying concepts and relationships. It concludes with an introduction to paradigm models, specifically the IPO (Input Process Output) model, used to isolate factors causing a problem or phenomenon, with an example of its application in studying the role of entrepreneurs in work performance.

05:02

🔍 Paradigm Models in Research

This paragraph delves into various paradigm models used in research, starting with the IVDV (Independent Variable Dependent Variable) model, which is central to experimental studies where the influence of independent variables on dependent variables is observed and measured. An example is provided where teaching methodologies affect student performance. The PC (Predictor Criterion) model is then discussed, suitable for non-experimental studies that assess variable relationships. An example relates teaching competence to student performance. The P model is introduced for studies proposing programs or interventions, exemplified by a program to improve entrepreneur quality service. Lastly, the POM (Proposed Original Model) is mentioned for original paradigms that must be scientifically constructed, with an example from a study on nursing students' participation in infection control practices.

10:04

🖋️ Crafting a Conceptual Framework

The final paragraph offers guidance on writing a conceptual framework, advising researchers to understand their objectives, base their framework on personal comprehension of research elements, ensure all aspects relate to the research goal, and seek feedback for improvement. It encapsulates the importance of a framework as a structure that clarifies the study's basis, allowing readers to grasp the research's scope and the interplay of variables and concepts.

Keywords

💡Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework is a researcher's synthesis of literature that explains a phenomenon. It outlines the actions required in a study, considering previous knowledge and observations. It serves as an analytical tool to explain the main concepts or variables being studied and their presumed relationships. In the video, the conceptual framework is described as providing the rationality and foundational basis for the entire research, showing how variables connect with each other.

💡Research Synthesis

Research synthesis refers to the process of combining findings from multiple studies to create a more comprehensive understanding of a topic. It is integral to developing a conceptual framework as it involves reviewing existing literature to inform the study's approach and objectives.

💡Variables

In research, variables are factors or characteristics that can vary and are studied to understand their relationship with other variables. The video discusses how a conceptual framework identifies key variables and their presumed relationships, which are central to the study's investigation.

💡IPO Model

The Input-Process-Output (IPO) model is a type of conceptual framework that is used when a study aims to isolate the factors causing a problem. In the script, the IPO model is exemplified by looking at an entrepreneur's roles towards improved work performance, where inputs include the entrepreneur's profile and roles, the process involves data analysis, and the output is the determined profile and roles of entrepreneurs.

💡IVDV Model

The Independent Variable-Dependent Variable (IVDV) model is used in experimental studies to observe how independent variables influence dependent variables. The video gives an example of how teaching methodologies (independent variables) affect the performance of grade 12 students (dependent variables).

💡PC Model

The Predictor-Criterion (PC) model is used to relate and assess the influence between two or more variables, often in non-experimental research. It is depicted in the video through the relationship between teaching competence and student performance, where teaching competence is the predictor variable, and student performance is the criterion variable.

💡P Model

The P model is used in research proposing a program or intervention. It can be an expanded version of existing models and is shown in the video through a proposed program for improved quality service of entrepreneurs, which includes inputs, processes, and outputs that lead to a proposed intervention.

💡PO Model

The Proposed Original Model (PO Model) is used when a researcher presents an original paradigm, which must be scientific. It is highlighted in the video through a study on nursing students' participation in infection control practices, leading to a proposed supervisory program.

💡Research Objectives

Research objectives are the specific goals that a study aims to achieve. They guide the research process and are integral to the conceptual framework, as they help define the scope and direction of the study. The video emphasizes the importance of aligning the conceptual framework with the research objectives.

💡Paradigm

A paradigm in research is a visual representation of the study's structure, showing the variables involved and their relationships. The video discusses different types of paradigm models, such as IPO, IVDV, and PC, each serving different research purposes and methodologies.

Highlights

A conceptual framework represents the researcher's synthesis of literature to explain a phenomenon and maps out the actions required in a study.

A conceptual framework is an analytical tool that explains key concepts, variables, and their presumed relationships in research.

It defines the scope and limitations of the study, showing what will and will not be investigated.

A conceptual framework shows the organization, order, and direction of a research study.

The framework enables readers to gain a general understanding of the research and research activities.

A conceptual framework serves to clarify concepts and their relationships in a research study.

A paradigm is a visual representation of the entire research study and shows the relationships between different variables.

The Input-Process-Output (IPO) model is used to isolate major variables and their effects on the phenomenon under study.

The Independent Variable-Dependent Variable (IVDV) model is used in experiment-based studies to observe how independent variables influence dependent variables.

The Predictor-Criterion (PC) model is used in non-experimental research to relate and assess the influence between two or more variables.

The P model is used in studies that propose a program or intervention based on identified variables.

The Proposed Original Model (POM) is used when researchers present an original paradigm based on scientific methodology.

The IPO model is applied to analyze the roles of entrepreneurs toward improved work performance.

The PC model is used to study the relationship between teaching competence and student performance.

The POM model can be expanded based on existing models, leading to proposed programs or interventions, like a faculty development program.

Transcripts

good day everyone today we will be

discussing about the conceptual

framework

before anything else we are going to

discuss what a conceptual framework is

a conceptual framework represents the

researcher's synthesis of literature on

how to explain a phenomenon

it maps out the actions required in the

course of the study given his previous

knowledge of other researchers point of

view

and his observations on the subject of

research

also it is considered as an analytical

tool that explains the main concepts to

be studied or investigated in one's

research

these could be the key factors or

variables being investigated and the

presumed relationship

among these variables in other words

a conceptual framework offers the

rationality and fundamental basis of the

entire research

as well as shows the understanding of

the researcher

regarding how the variables connect with

each other

now that we know what a conceptual

framework is we now discuss the purposes

of a conceptual framework

a conceptual framework has different

purposes first

it defines the scope and limitations of

the study and identifies what will

and what will not be investigated this

according to pulmonis in 2016 in his

textbook

also it shows the organization order

and direction of a research study

furthermore

a conceptual framework enables readers

to obtain a general

understanding of the research and gives

them a notion of the research activities

that will be performed as well as a

manner on how these are carried out

and lastly a conceptual framework serves

the purpose of clarifying concepts

and their relationships with one another

in a research study

now at this point we're going to discuss

the common types of paradigm models use

but before that we're going to discuss

what a paradigm is

a paradigm is a visual representation of

the entire research study

pretty much this is how a conceptual

framework would look like as this would

show the different variables involved in

the study

as well as discuss the possible

relationships that they have with each

other

in line with this cristobal and

cristobal in 2017 in their textbook

have given us some examples of the

common types of paradigm models which

are used

the first one is the ipo model also

known as the input process output

the ipl model is largely used when the

research

attempts to isolate the factor or major

variable that causes the problem

subject or phenomenon under

investigation

as an example we have the entrepreneur's

roles towards improved work performance

for our input we're going to include the

profile of the entrepreneurs which

involves their age

sex and seminars attended as well as the

roles of the entrepreneurs in terms of

assessment

planning implementation and evaluation

for the process we're going to have

analysis of data through questionnaires

informal interviews and the statistical

treatments which will be needed

for analyzing the data and for the

output

from the word itself this would be the

final outcome of the study once the data

needed has been gathered and

analyzed the output would be the profile

and roles of

entrepreneurs are determined and the

relationship of the roles and quality of

work performance is further identified

next we have the ivdv model also known

as the independent variable dependent

variable model

the ivdv model is used in experiment

based studies

the questions raised are higher order

and classified as situation relating

remember the ibdv model is used in

experiment based studies because in

experimental studies

we have the presence of independent

variables which would influence the

dependent variables

which are then observed and measured

by the researchers in this example we

have the effects

of computer assisted instruction and

demonstration method

on the level of performance of grade 12

students

for our independent variable we have the

teaching methodology used by instructors

which involves the computer-based or

computer-assisted instruction

and demonstration method our dependent

variable

would be the level of performance of

grade 12 students which are measured

according to academic rates

practicum grades and the parent

satisfaction

this model is used for this particular

study because the independent variable

which would be the teaching methodology

used by instructors

would greatly affect the dependent

variable which would be the level of

performance of the grade 12 students

depending on what kind of methodology is

used it would have an effect on how the

students would be performing

class

the next model is the pc model also

known as the predictor criterion model

the pc model is used when relating and

assessing the influence between two or

more variables

studies that focus on relationships

associations

differences and impacts benefit from

this model

it is also worth noting that the pc

model is used for

non-experimental research studies

remember in non-experimental research

designs

we have the predictor and criterion

variables in lieu of the independent

variables and dependent variables

for this example we have the

relationship of the teaching competence

of senior high school teachers to the

level of performance

of abm students for our predictor model

or predictor variable

we have the teaching competence of the

senior high school teachers in terms of

their knowledge level

the pedagogical skills and the classroom

management

while the criterion variable would be

the level of performance of ebm students

in terms of academic grades

behavioral attributes and the peer

evaluation results

it is also worth noting that the pc

model would use

a direct line instead of an arrowhead as

compared to the iptv model

showed earlier

the next model is the p model which is

used in research studies that propose a

program or any intervention measure

it fits the situation producing level of

questioning

now it is worth noting that the p model

could simply be an expanded version

of the existing models that have been

presented earlier

for this example we have the proposed

program for improved

quality service of entrepreneurs this is

the expanded version of the ipo model

presented earlier

we have the input which involves a

profile of entrepreneurs as well as the

roles of entrepreneurs

together with specimen collection and

their performance

for the process we have analysis of data

through questionnaires

informal interviews and statistical

treatments

for the output we have the profile and

roles of entrepreneurs which are

determined

and from this particular output we are

able to recognize

what could be a proposed program or

proposed intervention program that would

benefit

the entire community

another example would be the

relationship of teaching competence of

senior high school teachers to the level

of performance of students towards the

formulation of the faculty development

program

now this particular example is similar

to the pc model presented earlier when

we have the teaching competence

of senior high school teachers in terms

of their knowledge level

pedagogical skills in classroom

management and its possible relationship

to the level of performance of students

with regard to academic grades

behavioral attributes and peer

evaluation results

from the results of this particular

study we are going to have our proposed

program which is the faculty development

program

in order to address areas for

improvement or further improve the

strengths that have been identified in

this particular study

and lastly we have the pom or the

proposed original model

the pom is used when the researcher

presents an original paradigm

the requirement is that it must be

scientific

remember that since this is an original

model there is no specific pattern or

design

on how it must be constructed other than

the fact that it must be scientific in

nature

for this particular example cristobal

and cristobal cites kezaon in 2007 in

the study the extent of participation of

the nursing students

in infection control practices basis for

enhanced rle supervisory program

in this study we have the following

variables

first we have the student respondents

profile which involves the age

gender civil status and hospital

assignment

as well as the extent of participation

in the infection control program

and the ci's assessment of the student's

extent of participation

together this would have an influence on

the infection control practices which

involves the preparation of iv

fluids preparation of iv medications

assistance in the administration of iv

medications

skin care umbilical cord care and eye

care

altogether the results of this study

would lead to the proposal

of the enhanced related learning

experience supervisory program

now at this point we're going to discuss

some of the pointers in writing a

conceptual framework as discussed by

baraceros in her textbook

first familiarize yourself with the

objective of the conceptual framework

what do you intend to show to your

readers in your conceptual framework

in order for you to show or in order for

you to come up with a good conceptual

framework

you must be able to identify what do you

intend to discuss

to your readers through your research

next

base the contents of the conceptual

framework on your own understanding of

the elements

and of the relationships of the research

features third

see to it that all aspects of the

conceptual framework are related to

the objective of the research remember

that your ultimate goal is to be able to

accomplish the research

objectives or research goals that you

have stated at the beginning of the

study

your conceptual framework would help

your readers be able to understand

how you're going to go about with the

process of conducting the research

itself

and lastly let others read your

conceptual framework for comments and

feedback

for improvement purposes

in a nutshell a framework is comprised

of different

concepts and theories that serve as the

building blocks

or the skeleton that strongly clarify

the basis of the study

as such being familiar with the

conceptual framework of a study allows

us to be aware of the scope and range of

a concept or a construct

furthermore the conceptual framework

enables the readers to clearly see in

their minds the basic structure of the

research

and the relationships of variables and

other factual things

involved in the study

you