August 24, 2024
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script delves into the role of atoms in living organisms, emphasizing the significance of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements constitute nearly 98% of the human body and are crucial for life's functions. The script instructs viewers on how to represent atoms and elements in models, using specific colors for each element. It also touches on the importance of a balanced diet to ensure the intake of these essential elements, prompting a reflection on personal dietary habits and their impact on health.
Takeaways
- 🧪 Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, including living organisms, and each element is made up of atoms of the same type.
- 📄 Students are asked to take notes by labeling their title, subject (biology), and name, ensuring consistency for submission.
- 🔴 Atoms are often represented by circles or spheres with the element symbol inside for simplicity in modeling, such as carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).
- 🌍 Living organisms are primarily composed of six elements: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), which make up 98% of the human body.
- 🖤 Carbon is an essential element in life, found in various forms like graphite and diamonds, and is central to molecules like fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA.
- 💧 Hydrogen, the lightest substance, is a colorless gas and is vital in many compounds, including water, with people obtaining it from food and water.
- 🌬 Oxygen is necessary for life functions, present in air, water, and food, and essential for breaking down substances in the body.
- 🔵 Nitrogen is abundant in the air but is primarily obtained from eating plants and is crucial for proteins, which are vital for body functions.
- 🌞 Sulfur, often associated with its strong odor (like rotten eggs), is found in proteins that build hair, skin, and muscles, and is obtained from foods like vegetables, eggs, and garlic.
- 💥 Phosphorus, found in bones, cells, and organs, is another key element in the body, and can be obtained from foods like meat, dairy, and beans.
Q & A
What are atoms and why are they important in living organisms?
-Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter, and in the context of living organisms, they form the fundamental components of all biological structures and processes. They are important because they combine to create molecules essential for life.
How are atoms represented in educational models and drawings?
-Atoms are often represented as a circle or sphere with the element symbol written inside. This simple representation allows for easy visualization and understanding of atomic structure.
What are the six main elements found in living organisms?
-The six main elements found in living organisms are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S). These elements make up almost 98% of the atoms in the human body.
How do scientists use colors to represent different elements in molecular models?
-In molecular models, scientists use specific colors to represent different elements: carbon is black, hydrogen is white, oxygen is red, nitrogen is blue, sulfur is yellow, and phosphorus is purple.
Why is carbon considered central to life on Earth?
-Carbon is considered central to life on Earth because it can form long chains and complex molecules, such as fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA, which are essential to living organisms.
How do living organisms obtain the element hydrogen?
-Living organisms, including humans, obtain hydrogen from water and food they consume. Hydrogen is a part of many substances, and it is essential for various biological processes.
What role does oxygen play in living organisms?
-Oxygen is essential for life processes, including cellular respiration, which is necessary for energy production. Organisms obtain oxygen from the air they breathe, as well as from water and food.
How is nitrogen utilized by living organisms?
-Nitrogen is a crucial component of proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of living organisms. While nitrogen makes up a large portion of the Earth's atmosphere, organisms typically obtain it from soil, plants, or other organisms.
What are the sources of sulfur in a human diet?
-Sulfur is obtained from the food humans eat, with green vegetables like broccoli and kale, garlic, eggs, and fish being particularly rich sources.
Why is phosphorus important for the human body?
-Phosphorus is important for the human body as it is a component of bones, cells, and organs. It is also necessary for energy transfer and storage within the body.
What are the potential impacts of not getting enough of one of the essential elements in one's diet?
-Not getting enough of an essential element can lead to various health issues. For example, a lack of calcium can lead to weak bones, while a deficiency in iron can cause anemia. A balanced diet is crucial to ensure the body receives all necessary elements.
Outlines
🌐 Introduction to Atoms in Living Organisms
The video begins by focusing on the significance of atoms in living organisms, emphasizing that atoms constitute all matter on Earth. It clarifies that the lecture will concentrate on atoms found within biological entities. The instructor instructs students to note down the title 'Atoms and Living Organisms' at the top of their notes, followed by 'Biology' and their name. The lecture then delves into the representation of atoms, explaining that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter and each element is composed of similar atoms. For instance, hydrogen is made up of hydrogen atoms, and a bar of gold consists solely of gold atoms. Atoms are depicted as circles or spheres with the element symbol inside, a simple and effective way to illustrate them on paper. The video provides examples of how hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon atoms are represented. It also touches on the use of physical models like stick-and-ball models to visualize atoms.
🔬 Essential Elements in Living Organisms
The lecture continues by highlighting the essential elements that compose living organisms, specifically carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements are crucial as they make up nearly 98% of the atoms found in the human body. The instructor emphasizes the importance of these elements and provides a mnemonic, 'CHONSP', to help students remember them. The video then discusses the concept of elements in their pure state versus their state when combined to form larger substances, noting that their properties can differ significantly. The lecture also introduces the idea that these elements have specific colors associated with them when represented in models, which aids in visualizing molecular structures.
💠 The Role of Carbon in Life
The video segment delves into the role of carbon, one of the essential elements in living organisms. Carbon is unique due to its ability to form long chains, a property that is central to the structure of many biological molecules. The instructor explains that carbon can exist in different forms, such as graphite, which is a black powder, and diamonds, which are clear crystals. Carbon is also a component of carbon dioxide found in the air, a substance that plants can utilize to produce sugars. However, animals, including humans, must obtain carbon by consuming plants or other animals. The segment reinforces the idea that life on Earth is carbon-based, indicating the centrality of carbon in the composition of molecules like fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA.
💧 Hydrogen: The Lightest and Most Abundant Element
This part of the video discusses hydrogen, the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. Hydrogen is a colorless gas that is a fundamental component of water (H2O) and is essential for life. The segment explains that pure hydrogen is highly flammable and can be dangerous when not combined with other elements. Hydrogen is obtained from water and food by living organisms, and it is a part of many carbon-containing substances like propane. The video emphasizes that hydrogen, despite being a simple element, plays a critical role in the structure and function of living organisms.
❇️ Oxygen: Vital for Life and Combustion
The lecture segment on oxygen describes it as a colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas that is vital for life on Earth. Oxygen is necessary for the respiration process, where it is used to break down substances in food. The video explains that oxygen is obtained from the air we breathe, as well as from water and food. It also mentions that oxygen can cause substances to burn, as seen in forest fires. The segment emphasizes the importance of oxygen in the human body's functions and how it is represented in models by the color red.
☘️ Nitrogen: Abundance in the Air and in Proteins
This segment focuses on nitrogen, which makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere but is not directly usable by humans in its atmospheric form. Nitrogen is essential for the formation of proteins, which are crucial for the body's functions. The video explains that some plants can obtain nitrogen from the soil with the help of bacteria, and humans can get nitrogen by consuming plants and other animals. The segment also mentions that nitrogen is present in all living organisms and is a key component of proteins, which are vital for the body's structure and function.
🌼 Sulfur: The Element Behind Smelly Compounds
The video discusses sulfur, an element that is often associated with bad smells, like that of rotten eggs. Sulfur is found in various forms and is a component of certain proteins that contribute to the structure of hair, skin, and muscles. The segment explains that sulfur is obtained from the food we eat, with green vegetables, garlic, eggs, and fish being rich sources of sulfur. The video emphasizes the importance of sulfur in the body and its representation in models by the color yellow.
🦴 Phosphorus: A Key Element in Bones and Energy
The final segment of the video covers phosphorus, an element that can exist in different forms, including a white, red, or black powder. Phosphorus is a component of bones, cells, and organs, and is essential for the body's energy extraction from food. The video explains that phosphorus can be obtained from a variety of food sources, including meat, dairy products, beans, peas, seeds, and nuts. The segment concludes by highlighting the importance of phosphorus in the body and its representation in models by the color purple.
🍽️ Importance of a Balanced Diet for Element Intake
In the concluding segment, the video emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet to ensure the intake of all necessary elements for the body to function properly. It mentions additional elements like calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, sodium, and chlorine, which, along with the six main elements, make up nearly 99.9% of the atoms in our bodies. The instructor prompts students to reflect on their dietary habits and consider whether they consume enough of the necessary foods to obtain all the required elements. The segment ends with a call to action for students to think critically about their food choices and the potential impacts of not getting enough of one or more elements.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Atoms
💡Elements
💡Biology
💡Carbon
💡Hydrogen
💡Oxygen
💡Nitrogen
💡Sulfur
💡Phosphorus
💡Molecules
Highlights
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter in living organisms.
Biology focuses on the study of life, and atoms play a crucial role in it.
Atoms of the same type make up elements, and different elements have different properties.
Scientists use simple drawings, like circles with element symbols, to represent atoms.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are essential elements in living organisms.
These six elements make up almost 98% of the atoms found in the human body.
Carbon is the central part of most molecules found in living organisms.
Hydrogen is the lightest substance in the universe and is essential for life.
Oxygen is a colorless gas vital for life and is obtained from air, water, and food.
Nitrogen is abundant in the air but is obtained by humans through food and is essential for protein structure.
Sulfur is important for Hair, Skin, and muscles and is found in certain foods like broccoli and garlic.
Phosphorus is present in bones, cells, and organs and is obtained from meat, dairy, beans, and seeds.
The additional six elements, when combined with the primary six, cover about 99.9% of all atoms in the human body.
Calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, sodium, and chlorine are also essential for various bodily functions.
A balanced diet is crucial for obtaining the necessary elements for the body to function properly.
The lecture encourages critical thinking about the foods consumed and their elemental content for overall health.
Transcripts
all right so today we are going to be
talking about atoms in living organisms
so atoms make up all things all matter
on Earth but today we're specifically
talking about atoms that are occurring
in living organisms um because we are in
a biology class and bio is the study of
Life remember that root means life and
living things okay so I am going to ask
you to do one specific thing when you're
taking your notes is to put this title
here just like this so you should have
at the top here the title of whatever it
is atoms and living organisms underneath
you should have the word biology and
then underneath that you should be
putting your name okay so whether you're
doing digital notes or physical notes
please if you could go ahead and have
that title that'll help um me when you
submit it all right okay so let's get
started
so we're going to bounce back and forth
a little bit and it's not wanting to let
me here we go so representing atoms
atoms are the basic building blocks of
matter each element is made up of atoms
of the same type for example the element
hydrogen is made of hydrogen atoms a bar
of pure gold would consist only of gold
atoms atoms are incredibly small yet
even being so small some atoms are
larger than others scientists need ways
to show atoms in the elements they make
up just like letter symbols are used to
represent elements simple drawings are
used to represent atoms an atom can be
shown as a circle or a sphere the
element symbol is often written inside
the circle or sphere a circle and a
letter are easy to draw on paper which
is why they use that as their model okay
so here are some examples here so we
have hydrogen atom nitrogen atom carbon
atom and you can see they're just
they're showing it just with the
letter that represents that element with
a circle around it okay so let's just
take a quick note there
so we have elements
right and elements are as it told
us they are made up of
atoms
of the
same type
okay and then we also just talked about
how we
represent
atoms so we do that with a
circle so if I ask you to draw a model
of like carbon dioxide you would
use
carbon and two oxygens and to draw it
there would be circles with the letters
inside them okay so that's why we need
to know this so that when you are
modeling it you know how to model it so
we have hydrogen
H hydrogen atom if it was nitrogen it
would be an N with a circle around it
nitrogen
atom okay
and when spheres are used to represent
atoms they can be drawn on a paper or
they can be physical objects so
sometimes you will see um models that
people make where they're called stick
and ball models and they literally just
have different little colored balls to
represent the different atoms all right
so let's jump back over and continue so
I'm going to kind of Blaze over this for
a moment because we're going to go come
back to but essentially we have some
essential elements that are um that all
life all living organisms are made of
and those elements are carbon hydrogen
oxygen nitrogen phosphorus and sulfur
and each of them when you're doing a
model they have a specified color that
they that scientists use to represent
those molecules so carbon is black
hydrogen is white oxygen red nitrogen
blue sulfur is yellow and phosphorus is
purple so these are very important
elements living organisms including
people are mostly made of just a few
elements the six main elements found in
living creatures are the ones that we
just talked about carbon hydrogen oxygen
nitrogen sulfur and phosphorous almost
98% of the atoms found in the human body
are one of these six elements so I want
you to think about that for a second
because you've seen a periodic table of
elements all the elements there are in
the world and and humans are made of
mostly
98% just six
things it's a pretty crazy idea to think
of is that all of these elements come
together to make us and there's only six
of them for that make up the majority of
us um so an easy way to remember these
elements is to remember a the symbol for
each element and the symbol makes the
acronym and they have This Acronym but I
don't think it makes a word it's c h o n
s p I think if you switch the S and the
p on the end it almost looks like the
word Chomps almost but with an N Chomps
so if you have a way of memorizing it
great if you can just remember that c h
o n s and p are the major elements 98%
of humans are made up of these six
elements okay living organisms also
contain a few other elements but these
are in really small amounts because
there's only 2% that is allocated to
everything else when elements are in
their pure State they have very
different properties when they are
assembled to form larger
substances so they aren't always exactly
the same um when they are in their pure
form versus when they're connected
together to make other elements so I'm
going to make a little line and I'm just
going to take
note
that there are some essential elements
okay and those essential elements
are make up I missan actually sorry
backing up rewind so those essential
elements make up
98% of
humans wow I can't spell there we go um
and those elements are
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
sulfur and phos
phosphorus all
right so we're going to kind of dive a
little bit deeper onto each of those so
we'll learn a little bit more about
carbon and then hydrogen and then so on
okay so to start out we have carbon so
pure carbon can appear in different
forms let me get this centered first a
common form of carbon is graphite which
is a black powder so that's the picture
they have there is what graphite looks
like carbon also can make beautiful
crystals for example diamonds are pure
carbon carbon is found in the air as
carbon dioxide a larger substance made
of carbon and oxygen plants can take in
carbon dioxide directly from the air and
use it to build useful substances such
as sugars animals cannot get their
carbon from the air remember we also are
animals that means we cannot get our
carbon just from breathing
air so animals including humans get
their carbon atoms they need by eating
plants and other animals scientists
often say life on Earth is carbon based
they're referring to the fact that
carbon atoms form the central part of
virtually all the different molecules
found in living things such as fats
carbohydrates proteins and even DNA
carbon has the unique property that many
carbon atoms can join together for
forming large chains this makes carbon
quite unique and essential to life
carbon based substances are involved in
many processes in the human body so the
essential things that we need to know
about carbon is well that it's
everywhere that it's a critical
component of us so we have
carbon let me Zoom
okay okay so carbon is repres presented
by the letter c and carbon also is going
to
be black so um I'm going to put it over
here actually C and we use black to
represent it okay so if it's in a model
it's going to be represented by the
color black all right so it is
everywhere um and I think a key thing
that you really need to know is that
animals
sorry like I said before sometimes I
talk and I write and I miss letters so
animals that means humans as
well get
carbon from
plants and
other
animals okay so animals get carbon from
eating plants and other
animals and we say that life on Earth is
carbon based and that's because they're
Central to
virtually all
molecules um what's the word I'm looking
for found in living
things okay so basically they're
essential to life um and they
also have a unique property that can
join them together to form long
chains so can
form long
chains okay
all right our next element is hydrogen
pure hydrogen let me get this centered
so you don't have to keep seeing it zoom
in and out hydrogen pure hydrogen is a
colorless gas it is a very small simple
element it is also the lightest
substance in our universe it is commonly
found as a part of many different
substances pure hydrogen can burn very
easily and is dangerous when combined
with other elements however its
properties are are quite different water
for example is partly made of hydrogen
like carbon hydrogen is essential is an
essential part of living organisms
hydrogen is also a part of many carbon
containing substances such as the
propane used in gas grills people get
hydrogen from water and food they
consume okay so let's Bop back over and
hydrogen is usually represented in the
color white so um on the other ones I'm
going to go ahead and actually change
the color but this one's going to be a
little bit harder so you know I'll just
go a different gray um so we have
hydrogen and it's represented by white
if you're doing a
model okay um it's a colorless
gas it's the
lightest
substance what's interesting is that it
can be super dangerous even though it is
in so many things but it can also be
very dangerous um so it elements even
though they're in like hydrogen is in
water right hydrogen is part of H2O um
but pure hydrogen if it was just just
this hydrogen molecule it would be a
very dangerous molecule by
itself
so the last thing I want to put from our
notes would be that
people get
hydrogen
from the water
and
food they
consume
okay all righty our next element is
oxygen so pure oxygen is a colorless gas
it is invisible and has no taste or
smell yet life on Earth would not exist
without it oxygen atoms are essential in
making our bodies function pure oxygen
Burns quickly and can cause other
substances to burn like trees in the
forest when there is a forest fire
humans and animals use oxygen to break
down substances in their
food oxygen atoms then join with those
substances air is partly oxygen water is
also partly oxygen and partly hydrogen
people therefore get oxygen from the air
they breathe as well as the water and
food they consume okay so for oxygen we
are going to use red to represent it in
models that would be the color you'd use
let me popop over
here it's represented by an
O and I'm sorry what I should have done
before is when I drew those down I
should have done a circle around them
because we just talked about that and I
apologize for that so on this one same
thing an H with a circle around it
that's representing it and then for for
our carbon we should have done a c with
a circle around it I
apologize all right back over to oxygen
and it's represented by the color
red so it's also a colorless
gas
and it is essential
for life
functions and the other very essential
thing to know is that we get it from our
air
food and water so that is how humans get
it
okay probably already knew that but just
to make sure you have that little note
to yourself
okay so
I'm going to go ahead and skip our
reading check for right now and we're
going to go down to nitrogen so nitrogen
pure nitrogen is a colorless tasteless
odorless gas as well most of the air
around us is nitrogen gas so people
breathe in nitrogen however organisms
including humans generally do not have
the ability to use the nitrogen that is
in the air some types of plants can get
nitrogen from the soil with the aid of
bacteria animals and people can eat then
eat plants to obtain nitrogen nitrogen
is found in all living organisms it is
essential it is an essential element
found in the structure of proteins an
important group of substances that make
up plants and animals proteins are
complex molecules that serve many
purposes including helping the body
function proteins are mostly made of
carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
although some Pro proteins also include
other elements nitrogen is present in
all proteins without enough nitrogen the
body would not be able to make the
proteins it needs to function properly
um I should also say plants really need
nitrogen as well so if you're ever out
gardening um there has to be appropriate
amounts of different elements in your
soil in order for your plants to be able
to survive one of those elements that
your plant needs is
nitrogen so we're going to do nitrogen
which is going to be represented by the
color blue
and I'm going to do it correctly this
time and end with a circle around it and
then I have it's represented by Blue in
case that didn't wasn't very evident by
the color choice of my
pen um so another
colorless
gas okay um
and it is there is more nitrogen in the
air than any other element so um
abundant in the
air and it is present in all
proteins and proteins are what make
everything in our body work so if we did
not have protein our body would not
function so therefore nitrogen is a very
essential element in our body okay um I
am running out of space so I'm going to
go over to the next page okay but if you
have enough room then totally stay on
the page you are if you can also make
sure that if you ever go to a second
page that you go ahead and
do the same title on the second page as
well and bring it down here okay so have
the same title on the second page when
you're submitting your notes so that I
know where you got it from and if
something got separated I would be able
to see it okay um so our next element is
sulfur pure sulfur comes in different
forms a common form of pure sulfur is a
yellow powder substances that contain
sulfur atoms often have a bad smell in
fact rotten eggs smell the way they do
because of sulfur so if any of you have
ever been up to a hot spring of any sort
you'll smell that like rotten egg kind
of smell and that's sulfur actually some
proteins in the body have sulfur in
addition to other elements proteins
containing containing sulfur are
important for making up Hair Skin and
muscles people get sulfur atoms from the
food they eat green vegetables such as
broccoli and kale are rich in Sulfur
garlic eggs and fish are also good
sources of sulfur
so our next one sulfur is represented by
yellow and I should pop back over
actually because you couldn't see it but
this is um what sulfur looks like it's a
yellow powder and so it also gets
represented by yellow because of that so
I'm going to try to do like a dark
yellow maybe that one just so it's
easier to see so we have
sulfur wow my nice spelling
sometimes and it's represented by
yellow
okay so the important things about
sulfur it's usually in its pure form it
would be a yellow
powder um and then we also need to put
that it's
important for
Hair
Skin and
muscles and then it's in the food we
eat I'm going to put
in the
food we
eat okay so we have like things like
broccoli
kale
garlic and then I'm going to add one
more that they said so
eggs all right so we have one last one
to add in and that's going to
be phosphorus
okay so pure phosphorus comes in
different forms phosphorus can be white
red or black powder in all forms pure
phosphorus can burn or explode
phosphorus is present in
Bones substances with phosphorus also
make up parts of cells and organs people
get phosphorus from the Foods they eat
meat and dairy products for example are
rich in phosphorus beans peas seeds and
nuts also contain
phosphorus all
right
so um so
in pure
phosphorus can explode
and it's in our
bones and
cells and
organs
so I'll I'll make my point in a moment
let me finish
writing um and it's in the food we
eat keep missing words in the food
we
eat so things
like
meat
Dairy
beans and I'm going to add one last one
and going put
seeds all have phosphorus so scientists
who study the substances and chemistry
of living organisms generally generally
focus on the properties of 12 elements
so we talked about this talked about six
but there are many there are other
elements that make up humans so this
means that adding just six more elements
to the six elements previously discussed
covers about
99.9% of all the atoms found in our
bodies the additional elements are
calcium
which helps our bones and teeth make
them and makes them strong um and then
it's also important for nerve function
and muscles and blood circulation
there's potassium which is important in
keeping water Balan and important for
nerves um Iron which is needed to help
blood function magnesium which is found
in many substances in the body and it's
important for helping the body extract
energy from food sodium which helps keep
water balance in our body and is is
important for our nerves and chlorine
which is an important component of
stomach acid eating in digestion of food
so what I want you to think about right
now is we basically said that there are
six
elements that make up everything in our
body so they combine together in
different ways in order to um create
other things within our body to make our
bodies function and on each of them it
told us how we get them right so some of
the things we get them from water and
the food we consume water and the food
we consume
um this is in the
air right and sulfur is in the food we
eat and phosphorus is in the food we eat
so if you're thinking about the foods
that you
eat could it be possible that you're not
getting enough of the elements that you
need to make your body
Thrive or do you do a good job of
getting a lot of these Foods in and what
would be the the impacts of not getting
the appropriate amounts of food items so
like if you don't eat a lot of meat or
you don't eat a lot of dairy do you eat
enough beans and seeds and other things
to be able to counteract and and still
get the phosphorus that you need um so I
want you you to respond to that in the
bottom
here okay um so my question
is
what and you don't have to write the
question but you just are going to
respond to it so what
are the six main elements
where do you get
them
and what would be the
impact of not getting enough of one of
the
elements okay so I want you to kind of
think critically about that which is one
of
our six C's right so doing some critical
thinking we have these six main elements
what happens if you don't get enough of
one of them and just thinking to
yourself do you feel like you do eat
enough of the appropriate foods to get
all these elements that you need for
your
body all right make sure that you take
your notes make sure you also turn them
in and then final reminder make sure
that you
do have this on both Pages please all
right let me know
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