Psyco1
Summary
TLDRIn this psycholinguistics course, students explore the history and development of the field, divided into formative, linguistic, connective, and cognitive periods. The course delves into human language's unique characteristics compared to animal communication, such as the use of vocal-auditory channels and arbitrary symbols. It also covers various subdisciplines of psycholinguistics, including theoretical, developmental, social, educational, experimental, and applied, and their relevance to language learning and cognitive sciences.
Takeaways
- 📚 The term 'psycholinguistics' was first used in the 1920s but became recognized as a discipline after a seminar at Cornell University in 1951.
- 📈 The development of psycholinguistics can be divided into four periods: formative, linguistic, connective, and cognitive.
- 🔍 The formative period was characterized by psychology and linguistics as separate disciplines, while the linguistic period in the 1950s and 1960s marked the formal emergence of psycholinguistics as an interdisciplinary field.
- 🧠 The connective period in the 1970s and 1980s focused on developing and testing various models of language processing, with an emphasis on cognitive aspects and the biological basis of language in humans.
- 🌐 The current psycholinguistic period is marked by the integration of psycholinguistics with cognitive science, neuroscience, and computational linguistics, reflecting a broader field of inquiry into the nature of knowledge and mental representations.
- 🏫 Psycholinguistics has expanded into several subdisciplines, including theoretical, developmental, social, educational, neurolinguistics, and experimental psycholinguistics, each focusing on different aspects of language and cognition.
- 🐝 Animal communication systems, such as the honeybee's waggle dance, are compared with human language to explore the possibility of animal language and attempts to teach animals human language.
- 🗣 Human language is distinct from animal communication systems, utilizing a vocal-auditory channel and arbitrary symbols that do not have a direct connection to the messages they convey.
- 🤔 Psycholinguistics examines the cognitive and biological underpinnings of language acquisition and use, considering the genetic and evolutionary aspects of language development in humans.
- 📝 The course material covers the history, concepts, and scope of psycholinguistics, its implementation in language teaching, and the various subdisciplines that contribute to our understanding of language and cognition.
Q & A
What does the term 'psycholinguistics' refer to?
-Psycholinguistics refers to the study of the psychological and cognitive processes underlying language, including how language is perceived, produced, acquired, and understood.
When was the term 'psycholinguistics' first used?
-The term 'psycholinguistics' appears to have first been used in the 1920s, but the birth of psycholinguistics as a discipline is often associated with a seminar at Cornell University in 1951.
What are the four periods of development in the field of psycholinguistics?
-The four periods of development in psycholinguistics are the formative period, the linguistic period, the connective period, and the cognitive-psycholinguistic period.
How did the linguistic period in psycholinguistics evolve?
-During the linguistic period in the 1950s and 1960s, psycholinguistics emerged as an interdisciplinary field driven by developments in linguistics and psychology, shifting from behaviorism to mentalism, influenced by Noam Chomsky's work.
What is the focus of the connective period in psycholinguistics?
-The connective period in the 1970s and 1980s focused on developing and testing various models of language processing and acquisition.
How does the cognitive-psycholinguistic period differ from previous periods?
-The cognitive-psycholinguistic period is characterized by the integration of psycholinguistics with cognitive science, neuroscience, and computational linguistics, focusing on the nature of knowledge and mental representations.
What are the subdisciplines of psycholinguistics mentioned in the script?
-The subdisciplines of psycholinguistics mentioned are theoretical psycholinguistics, developmental psycholinguistics, social psycholinguistics, educational psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and experimental psycholinguistics.
How does human language differ from animal communication systems?
-Human language differs from animal communication systems in several ways, including the use of vocal-auditory channels, arbitrary symbols, and the complexity of its structure and use.
What is an example of animal communication mentioned in the script?
-An example of animal communication mentioned is the honey bee's use of the waggle dance to inform other bees about the location of food sources.
What are the characteristics of human language as compared to animal communication?
-Characteristics of human language include the use of vocal-auditory channels, arbitrary symbols, and the ability to convey abstract concepts and complex ideas.
What is the role of biology in language development as discussed in the script?
-The role of biology in language development is that it provides the genetic and neurological basis for language acquisition and growth, suggesting a strong connection between language and human biology.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Psycholinguistics and Course Overview
The script introduces the second meeting of a psycholinguistics and language teaching course. The instructor apologizes for the online format and explains the necessity due to scheduling difficulties. The session will cover the history, concepts, and scope of psycholinguistics, including an overview of language development and human language. The instructor also discusses the implementation of psycholinguistics in language teaching. The session concludes with an assignment for students to submit a summary on Google Drive, serving as proof of attendance. The term 'psycholinguistics' is traced back to its first use in the 1920s, with its academic development closely linked to a seminar at Cornell University in 1951. The field's evolution is divided into four periods: formative, linguistic, connective, and psycholinguistic, each characterized by significant developments in the understanding of language and cognition.
🌐 Developmental Stages of Psycholinguistics
This section delves into the four developmental stages of psycholinguistics. The formative period saw psychology and linguistics as separate disciplines. The linguistic period in the 1950s and 1960s marked the formal emergence of psycholinguistics as an interdisciplinary field, influenced by developments in linguistics and psychology, shifting from behaviorism to mentalism. The connective period in the 1970s and 1980s expanded the field, focusing on developing and testing models of language processing. The current period is characterized by the integration of psycholinguistics with cognitive science, neuroscience, and computational linguistics, reflecting a diverse theoretical landscape and a broader understanding of the nature of knowledge and mental representations.
🔬 Subdisciplines and Applications of Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics has rapidly expanded into several subdisciplines, including theoretical psycholinguistics, which focuses on language theories related to human cognition, and developmental psycholinguistics, concerning first and second language acquisition. Social psycholinguistics examines the social aspects of language, including social identity. Educational psycholinguistics discusses the role of language in formal education, such as teaching reading and improving language proficiency. Neurolinguistics focuses on the relationship between language and the human brain, analyzing how the brain's biological structure influences language use. Experimental psycholinguistics empirically tests language production and behavior. Lastly, applied psycholinguistics concerns the practical application of findings from these subdisciplines in areas like psychology, linguistics, and language learning.
🐝 Animal Communication vs. Human Language
The script contrasts human language with animal communication systems, highlighting the unique characteristics of human language. Human language utilizes a vocal-auditory channel, where speech is produced by the mouth and received by the ear, unlike other species that may rely on auditory or chemical signals. Human language also uses arbitrary symbols, with no inherent connection between the word and its meaning, in contrast to the strong connection in animal communication systems. The example of bees' communication through dance to inform about food sources illustrates the differences in how information is conveyed. The discussion raises questions about whether animals can 'talk' in a human sense and explores various attempts to teach language to animals, emphasizing the distinct nature of human language capabilities.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Psycholinguistics
💡Language Acquisition
💡Interdisciplinary
💡Cognitive Science
💡Neurolinguistics
💡Animal Communication
💡Vocal Auditory Channel
💡Arbitrary Symbols
💡Social Identity
💡Applied Psycholinguistics
💡Language Behavior
Highlights
Introduction to the second meeting of the psycholinguistics and language teaching course.
Online video provided due to difficulties in rescheduling classes.
Students are asked to submit a summary for attendance proof.
The term 'psycholinguistics' was first used in the 1920s, associated with a seminar at Cornell University in 1951.
Development of psycholinguistics divided into four periods: formative, linguistic, connective, and cognitive.
Formative period characterized by psychology and linguistics as separate disciplines.
Linguistic period marked by the formal emergence of psycholinguistics as an interdisciplinary field.
Connective period focused on developing and testing models of language processing.
Cognitive period emphasizes the role of cognition and biological foundations in language acquisition.
Psycholinguistics now involves larger fields of inquiry, including the nature of knowledge and mental representations.
Integration of psycholinguistics with cognitive science, neuroscience, and computational linguistics.
Psycholinguistics has expanded into subdisciplines such as theoretical, developmental, social, educational, experimental, and applied psycholinguistics.
Discussion on human language's differences from animal communication systems.
Animals communicate through various means, but their communication is not the same as human language.
Attempts to teach language to animals and their limitations.
Characteristics of human language, such as the vocal-auditory channel and the use of arbitrary symbols.
Animal communication systems, like bees' dance, are compared to human language to understand their complexity.
Human language's arbitrariness and its distinction from the strong connection in animal signaling.
Transcripts
asalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh Hello
students today eh is the second meeting
of pycholinguistic and languistic
teaching course I'm sorry for deciding
to only give you this online video for
learning eh it's due to the difficulties
of replacing and rescheduling the class
for five
Cles I will give you the material
related to the history concept and Scope
of
psycholinguistic then A Brief overview
of language sprint and human language
lastly it's about the
implementation and topics of
psycholinguistics in language teaching
in the end of the session I will ask you
to submit a summary consisting of at
least four sentences up to F eh 10
sentences in Google
Drive eh this is for replacing or as a
proof of your
attendance the term psycholinguistic
appears to have first been used to refer
to the psychology of language
19 the of pingtic as disci is link to
Ain at cnel university in
1951 jadi
Eh pychinguistic ini tampaknya pertama
kali digunakan untuk merujuk pada
psikologi bahasa pada tahun
1920-an namun kelahiran polinguistik
sebagai suatu disiplin ilmu ini sering
dikaitkan dengan seminar di Cornel
University pada tahun
1951 and then the development of the
field can be divided into four
periods first one is formative period
secondly is linguistic period the
thirdly connective period the last is
cycholinguistic period Ok The First Eh
stages is e for
ining and
pying and
pyelop jadi pada tahap formatif ini eh
antara pikologi danmuingk ini menjadi eh
masing-masing disiplin ilmu sendiri ya
yang masih
terpisah and then for the linguistic
period in 1950s and
1960s this par Marks The formmal imerge
of psycholinguistic As an
interdisciplinary field driven by
development inp linguistics and
psychology pada tahap linguistik
perkembangan ilmu linguistik ini awalnya
beraliran behaviorism ya lalu beralih ke
mentalis
eh digagas oleh skinner yang menerbitkan
buku chamski Static
structures memberikan kritik tajam
kepada teori behavior lalu membuat
psycholinguistik yang diminati banyak
orang dan semakin eh berkembang serta
didukung oleh berkembangnya ilmu
neurolinguistics and then the connective
period in 1970s and 1980s during this
time the field expanded at the focus on
developing and testing various models
language processing and
aququicient kemudian berkembang dengan
tahapan di periode kognitif ya di mana
eh
bidang yang diuji dengan dalam
psolinguistik ini dengan fokus
pengembangan pemerolehan bahasa ini
Sudah diuji dan dikembangkan
Eh polinguistik pada tahap ini mulai
mengarah pada peran kognisi dan landasan
biologis manusia dalam memperoleh
bahasa Kemudian pada tahap ini mulai
dibicarakan tentang peran biologi pada
bahasa ser rasa bahwa Biologi adalah
landasan bahasa bertumbuh sehingga
pertumbuhan bahasa manusia berhubungan
secara genetik dengan pertumbuhan
biologisnya and then psycholinguistic
theory the last and Most current period
in psycholinguistic is one Me by the
development of conognective Science As
an interdolutionary activity
psycholinguistic is now involved in
larger field of inquiry that is The
Nature of
knowge and the structure of mental
representations and how these are used
in mental process like reasoning and
Decision Making current psycholinguistic
theory also reflects a considerable
theoretical variety in psychology and
linguistic This spirit is also
characterized by the the integration of
psycholinguistic with cognitive Science
neuroscience and computational
linguistics
pada tahap ini psikolinguistik tidak
lagi sebagai ilmu yang terpisah dari
ilmu-ilmu lain karena pemerolehan
penggunaan bahasa manusia memuat banyak
e cabang ilmu pengetahuan lainnya
sehingga psikolinguistik tidak terdiri
dari psiko dan linguistik saja tetapi
memuat ilmu-ilmu lain seperti neurologi
genetika eh danutional linguistik atau
yang berhubungan dengan komputer
teknologi yang terkait dengan eh
perkembangan eh dan pemerolehan
bahasa and then psycholinguistic has
developed rapidly and expanded into
several
subdisciplines including theoretical
cycling
oc on theor of language rel to humaness
in language such asonetics synx Design
discourse and internation and then
developmental
psychinguistics eh it is related to
language first
languageici and second
languageicient it examines phonological
Semantic and synetic processes in stages
and then social pycholinguistic rel to
the social aspect of language including
social
identity and then educational
psycholinguistic discuss general aspects
of formal education at school including
The Role of language in teaching reading
teaching proficiency and improving
language ability toprs andingsuryingutic
language language production and the
human and then
experimental pycholinguistics covered
and experimented in all language
Productions and language activities
language
behaviors and last is
applied pycholinguistics concerned with
the application of the findings of Six
subdiscipline of psycholinguistics
explain before ins
kemudian pingis ini berkembang dengan
sangat cepat menjadi beberapa
subdisiplin ilmu di dalam H
2015 menyebutkan ada setidaknya
tuisiplmu dari linguisti pertama adalah
theoretical psychinguistic yang berfokus
pada teori-teori bahasa yang dihubungkan
dengan proses mental seperti fonetik
kemudian syx discourse intonasi kemudian
eh developmental psycholinguistic ini
adalah kajian dalam eh psikolinguistik
yang dihubungkan dengan pemerolehan
bahasa baik itu pemerolehan bahasa
pertama maupun pemeroleh bahasa kedua
yang menguji Bagaimana tahapan-tahapan
ee perkembangan bahasa di area fonologi
kemudian morfologi semantik sintetik
maupun discourse kemudian sociial
psyolinguistik yang berhubungan dengan
aspek-aspek sosial dalam bahasa yang
digunakan dalam komunitas
sosial kemudian yang keempat adalah
educational psycholinguistic ini adalah
subdisiplin dari psikolinguistik yang eh
membicarakan terken terkait dengan
aspek-aspek umum dalam pendidikan formal
di sekolah yang meliputi peranan bahasa
Dalam pengajaran Eh misalnya pengajaran
reading kemudian teaching Prov dan
bagaimana meningkatkan kemampuan untuk
mengekspresikan eh pikiran dan perasaan
kemudian yang kelima adalah
pingu atau neurolinguistik yang berfokus
pada hubungan antara bahasa kemudian eh
language production dan eh human brain
ini menganalisis Bagaimana peran eh
eh human brain dan eh biological
structure ya struktur biologis dari otak
ini yang mempengaruhi Bagaimana
penggunaan bahasa kemudian experimental
psycholinguistic ini adalah subdisiplin
ilmu dari psikolinguistik yang
eh menguji secara empiris terkait dengan
produksi bahasa kemudian aktivitas dan
perilaku bahasa kemudian yang terakhir
adalah applied psycholinguistic ini
berhubungan dengan aplikasi dari eh
berbagai subdisiplin ilmu tadi yang
keenam subdisiplin ilmu dari
psikolinguistik
Eh pada beberapa area seperti psikologi
kemudian linguistik sendiri kemudian
juga diterapkan di dalam pembelajaran eh
bahasa atau language learning
eh dan juga ada beberapa yang diterapkan
di dalam eh beberapa komunikasi dan
[Musik]
sastra psycholinguistic discuss about
human language so when we discuss about
human language maybe any question in our
mind that human language is different
from animal language and then can
animals talk can we teach animals as our
language so study of
ent in 2008 discuss the topics examined
related to animal communication systems
that are compared with human language to
see if animals can be said to talk in
any real sense and various attempts to
teach language to animals are
considered animals communicate to a wide
variety of means and Reason for example
to get food to find meat to warn to
treaten and etc for example in a be
communication system honey Bees inform
other Bees about the existence of food
the vicinity by Performing a serious of
body Movement
called general B
has patterns namely round indicating the
Food source is near the
h indicating the location of the Food
source is intermediate distance from the
Hi and Wing indicating the Food source
is at far distance from
the ya Bisakah hewan berbicara kemudian
kalau bisa Apakah kita bisa mengajarkan
hewan berbicara seperti
manusia jadi ada beberapa
eksperimen dan kajian sebelumnya terkait
dengan
ee bahasa hewan yangembahas
topik-topik terkait dengan sistem
komunikasi hewan yang dibandingkan
dengan bahasa manusia untuk melihat
apakah hewan dapat dikatakan berbicara
dalam arti sebenarnya dan berbagai upaya
untuk mengajarkan bahasa kepada hewan
juga
dipertimbangkan sebagai contoh di sini
adalah penelitian ee terkait dengan
sistem komunikasi lebah ya lebah madu
eh
menggunakan informasi yang berupa
Gerakan tubuh ya dengan tarian Untuk
menginformasikan kepada lebah lain
tentang keberadaan makanan di
sekitarnya jadi secara umum tarian lebah
ini mempunyai tiga pola yang
berbeda yaitu yang pertama menunjukkan
sumber makanan berada di dekat
sarang dengan tarian yang berbentuk
bulat kemudian tarian yang berbentuk
Sabit ini menunjukkan letak sumber
makanan berada pada jarak menengah dari
sarang kemudian tarian dengan mengibas
dengan menunjukkan sumber makanan yang
berada jauh dari
sarang So how about human language
human language has a number of
characteristics that compared with
animal communication system as the first
one is vocal auditory channel human
language uses vocal and auditory channel
speech is produced by the Mode and Re
receiv by
ear even though other specious like
Birds cows and Foxes other animals have
only auditory signals such as Cricket
and other CH chemical Us By
inss and then eh
arbit human language uses natural
symbols There is no connection between
the word as a symbol the symbol for
example
eh mother in English and then Indonesian
Ibu eh Japanese eh smbol and other for
example in Sunda Ambu and
etc so There is no strong connection
between the message they are sending and
the signals they ususe to convey
it however
animals animals have strong connection
between the message they are sending and
the signals They use to convey it for
example aedences faster if the source of
nectar is closer and it doesn't slower
if it is f
Jadi kalau
eh bahasa manusia ini mempunyai beberapa
karakteristik di antaranya yang pertama
adalah vocal auditory channel atau
saluran pendengaran vokal di mana bahasa
manusia ini menggunakan saluran vokal
dan pendengaran ucapan yang dihasilkan
ini dihasilkan oleh mulut kemudian
diterima oleh telinga meskipun spesies
lain juga seperti burung sapi dan rubah
dan hewan lainnya mungkin hanya memiliki
sinyal pendengaran seperti jangkrik dan
saluran lain seperti
bahasa yang lain yang digunakan oleh
serangga kemudian bahasa manusia ini
juga ariter ariter itu maksudnya
sembarang jadi bahasa manusia ini
menggunakan sign dan simbol tidak ada
hubungan antara
sign atau simbol sebagai lambang
misalnya tadi saya sampaikan ada kata
mother di bahasa Inggris yang merujuk
atau mrefer pada kata yang
sama di bahasa Indonesia ibu kemudian di
Jawa mungkin bisa simbok kemudian di ee
daerah lain misalnya bisa Ambu dan
daerah-daerah lainnya juga bisa hal yang
lain nah berbeda dengan hewan ya hewan
mempunyai hubungan yang kuat antara
pesan yang mereka kirimkan dengan sinyal
yang mereka gunakan untuk
menyampaikannya nya misalnya tadi Kalau
seekor lebah mencari
ee lebah ini akan
ee berkomunikasi menyampaikan pesannya
melalui tarian dengan menari lebih cepat
jika ingin menunjukkan sumber makanan
ini lebih dekat Tetapi dia akan menari
dengan lebih lambat apabila sumber
makanannya ini jauh
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