Antecedentes del cine y la animación

Summary

This script explores the fascinating history of cinema and animation, beginning with the earliest known depictions of movement in ancient art, such as the Altamira cave paintings. It delves into the development of early technologies like the magic lantern and zoetrope, leading up to the groundbreaking inventions of Thomas Edison, the Lumière brothers, and Georges Méliès. The narrative highlights the contributions of key pioneers, including Alice Guy-Blaché, the first woman filmmaker, and the evolution of cinematic techniques, especially special effects and animation. From the first films to the rise of stop-motion and the impact of figures like Tim Burton, the script reveals the pivotal moments and innovators who shaped the world of cinema as we know it today.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first cinematic artist lived in Cantabria during the Upper Paleolithic, painting a wild boar with eight legs to express movement.
• 😀 Ancient Egyptian papyrus from around 1540 BCE depicted offerings for the deceased to pass the judgment of Osiris, highlighting early depictions of storytelling.
• 😀 The pottery in Greece, from the 8th century BCE, evolved to show more naturalism and movement, reflecting the growing importance of storytelling in art.
• 😀 The Parthenon friezes, constructed under Phidias around 443 BCE, depict a procession to Athens, serving as a monumental visual narrative.
• 😀 Roman reliefs on the Column of Trajan (113 CE) depicted emperor conquests, telling stories through sculptural art.
• 😀 The Chinese shadow theater, with its use of rod or string puppets, is an early example of projecting light to tell stories, influencing later cinematic techniques.
• 😀 The invention of the magic lantern in 1654 by Athanasius Kircher was an early form of image projection that would lead to the development of film technology.
• 😀 The industrial revolution, beginning in Britain in the late 18th century, led to technological advances that set the stage for the invention of cinema, such as the steam engine and mass production.
• 😀 Early photographic inventions, like daguerreotypes and Niépce's contributions, laid the foundation for cinematic visual storytelling, leading to moving images.
• 😀 Thomas Edison’s kinetoscope (1891) and William Kennedy’s projection technology were crucial in the development of film, influencing the cinematic format and viewing experience.

Q & A

Who is considered the first artist filmmaker in history?

The first artist filmmaker in history is believed to be the individual who lived in the Altamira cave in Cantabria, during the Upper Paleolithic. They painted a wild boar with eight legs to express the sensation of movement for the first time in art.

What significant contributions did ancient Egypt make to the history of cinema?

In ancient Egypt, around 1540 BC, painted films were found on papyrus, telling stories about offerings made to help the deceased pass the judgment of Osiris, as seen in the Book of the Dead.

How did ancient Greek and Roman art contribute to cinematic concepts?

In ancient Greece, painted vases from the 8th century BC began to display greater naturalism and movement. Additionally, Roman art, such as the reliefs on Trajan's Column, depicted scenes of conquest and military campaigns, which can be seen as early visual storytelling.

What was the invention of the 'magic lantern' in 1654?

The 'magic lantern' was a device that functioned as a precursor to film projectors. It used a camera obscura and a set of lenses to project images from transparencies onto a screen, helping to shape the early development of visual storytelling.

How did the Industrial Revolution influence technological advancements in cinema?

The Industrial Revolution led to a surge in technological advancements, such as the steam-powered locomotive, which symbolized the era’s innovations. These innovations laid the foundation for future technologies, including the development of photography and cinema.

What was the first photograph, and who invented it?

The first photograph, known as the daguerreotype, was developed by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1839. He used a camera obscura with a silver plate exposed to light to create the image.

What key invention in the 19th century helped establish the foundation of motion pictures?

The invention of the 'zoetrope' in 1834 by the mathematician William George Horner, and later devices like the praxinoscope and zoopraxiscopio, helped to create the illusion of motion, which was foundational for the development of motion pictures.

How did Thomas Edison contribute to the development of cinema?

Thomas Edison, along with William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, created the kinetoscope in 1891, a device that allowed individuals to view moving images. Edison also developed the first successful film production studio, the Black Maria, in 1893.

What were the Lumière brothers' contributions to the history of cinema?

The Lumière brothers invented the Cinématographe, a motion picture projector, and revolutionized cinema by projecting moving images for public audiences for the first time on December 28, 1895. Their films, like 'Workers Leaving the Factory,' marked the beginning of cinematic storytelling.

Why is Alice Guy-Blaché considered a pioneering figure in early cinema?

Alice Guy-Blaché was one of the first filmmakers to direct a narrative film with a clear story structure and was a pioneer in the use of special effects, such as stop-motion, and was instrumental in establishing early techniques like color film and multiple exposures. Despite being overlooked for many years, her contributions were foundational in cinema's early development.