Grade 10 SCIENCE | Quarter 1 Module 5 (PART 1) | CONVERGENT BOUNDARY

Summary

In this educational video, Mom Deya explores Module 5 for Grade 10 students, focusing on convergent boundaries in plate tectonics. She reviews the three types of plate boundaries and delves into the specifics of convergent boundaries, where plates move towards each other. The video explains the processes that occur when oceanic and continental crusts collide and when two continental crusts meet. It also discusses the significant effects of convergent boundaries on Earth's crust, including the formation of volcanic island arcs and trenches. The lesson is designed for students in sections Gold, Helium, Silver, Nickel, and Vanity, and includes interactive simulations to visualize the geological processes involved.

Takeaways

• 📚 The lesson focuses on convergent boundaries, a topic for Grade 10 students, specifically for sections Gold, Helium, Silver, Nickel, and Vanity.
• 🌐 The primary learning objective is to explain the processes that occur along convergent plate boundaries, where tectonic plates move towards each other.
• 🔍 The lesson reviews the three types of plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform fault, with arrows in a diagram illustrating their relative movements.
• 🌋 The 'Ring of Fire' is highlighted as an area with numerous convergent boundaries, high earthquake activity, and many active volcanoes.
• 🏔️ Convergent boundaries are further classified into three subtypes based on the types of lithosphere involved: oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental.
• 🌊 Oceanic-oceanic convergence involves two oceanic plates where the older, denser plate subducts beneath the younger plate, leading to volcanic island arcs and trenches.
• 🌋 Subduction is the process where a dense oceanic plate moves under another plate due to its higher density, which is influenced by age and temperature.
• 🌏 The term 'destructive boundary' is used because the subducting plate is partially destroyed or melts, contributing to the formation of geological features.
• 🌄 Volcanic island arcs and trenches are key features associated with oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries, formed due to the melting of the subducting plate.
• 📊 A simulation is used to visually demonstrate the process of oceanic-oceanic convergence over time, showing the subduction of the older plate and the formation of volcanic island arcs.

Q & A

What is the main focus of Module 5 for grade 10 students?

Module 5 focuses on convergent boundaries, specifically explaining what happens when different types of crusts collide and the effects of convergent plate boundaries on the Earth's crust.

What are the three types of plate boundaries discussed in the previous lesson?

The three types of plate boundaries are convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and transform fault boundaries.

What is a convergent boundary and why is it also called a collision boundary?

A convergent boundary is where two plates move towards each other, hence it is also called a collision boundary because of the tendency for the plates to collide.

What are the three types of convergent boundaries based on the interacting lithospheres?

The three types of convergent boundaries are oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental.

What happens during oceanic-oceanic convergence?

During oceanic-oceanic convergence, two oceanic slabs converge and one descends beneath the other due to subduction, leading to the formation of a volcanic island arc and a trench.

What is subduction and why does it occur in oceanic-oceanic convergence?

Subduction is the process where one plate goes under another due to density differences. In oceanic-oceanic convergence, the older, denser oceanic lithosphere undergoes subduction.

What geological features are associated with oceanic-oceanic convergence?

The geological features associated with oceanic-oceanic convergence include a volcanic island arc, a trench, and earthquakes due to the movement and collision of plates.

Why are convergent boundaries referred to as destructive boundaries?

Convergent boundaries are called destructive because one part of the lithosphere is destroyed or melts and undergoes subduction during the process.

What is the significance of the Ring of Fire in relation to convergent boundaries?

The Ring of Fire is significant because it has a high concentration of convergent boundaries, which leads to increased volcanic and earthquake activities.

How does the simulation in the lesson help students understand oceanic-oceanic convergence?

The simulation visually demonstrates the process of oceanic-oceanic convergence, including subduction, melting of the older lithosphere, and the formation of volcanic island arcs and trenches over time.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 Introduction to Convergent Boundaries

This paragraph introduces the topic of convergent boundaries, which is the focus of Module 5 for Grade 10 students in specific sections. The lesson aims to explain the processes occurring along plate boundaries, with a particular emphasis on convergent boundaries. The instructor reviews the three types of plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform fault, using visual aids to distinguish between them based on plate movements. The importance of understanding these movements is highlighted as it helps to differentiate between the types of boundaries. The paragraph concludes with a mention of the objectives for the lesson, which include explaining the outcomes of different crustal collisions and the effects of convergent boundaries on Earth's crust.

05:01

🌌 Types of Convergent Boundaries

The second paragraph delves into the specifics of convergent boundaries, explaining that they occur when two plates move towards each other, hence the term 'convergent'. It introduces the concept of 'destructive boundary' and hints at its explanation in subsequent content. The paragraph outlines three subtypes of convergent boundaries based on the types of lithosphere involved: oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental. The instructor emphasizes the importance of understanding the differences between these types, which is crucial for comprehending the geological processes that occur at these boundaries.

10:01

🌋 Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence

This paragraph focuses on the oceanic-oceanic convergence, a type of convergent boundary where two oceanic plates interact. The instructor explains the process of subduction, where one oceanic plate, typically the older and denser one, descends beneath the other. Key geological features associated with this process are a volcanic island arc, a trench, and the occurrence of earthquakes. The paragraph also discusses the concept of density in relation to lithosphere types and how it influences the direction of subduction. The instructor uses a cross-sectional diagram to illustrate these concepts and provides a real-world example of a trench, the Mariana Trench, to anchor the theoretical discussion in practical terms.

15:03

🔥 Geologic Processes in Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence

The fourth paragraph continues the discussion on oceanic-oceanic convergence, explaining the geologic processes that occur when an old oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath a younger one. As the subducting plate is subjected to high temperatures and pressures, it melts, producing magma that rises to form volcanic island arcs. The paragraph uses a simulation to visually demonstrate these processes over millions of years, showing the formation of trenches and volcanic arcs. The instructor emphasizes the significance of understanding these features and processes, which are key to comprehending the dynamics of convergent boundaries.

Keywords

💡Convergent Boundary

A convergent boundary is a type of tectonic plate boundary where two plates move towards each other. In the context of the video, this is the main focus, as it discusses the processes that occur when plates converge. The video explains that convergent boundaries are also known as collision boundaries or destructive boundaries due to the collision and potential destruction of the plates involved. An example from the script is the discussion of the three types of convergent boundaries based on the interaction of lithospheres: oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental.

💡Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large plates that move over the asthenosphere. The video script refers to this concept when explaining the movement of plates towards each other at convergent boundaries. It's foundational to understanding the geological processes discussed in the video, such as subduction and the formation of volcanic arcs.

💡Subduction

Subduction is the process where one tectonic plate moves under another, typically into the mantle. The video describes subduction as a key process in oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries, where the denser oceanic lithosphere descends beneath the less dense one, leading to the formation of geological features like trenches and volcanic arcs.

💡Volcanic Island Arc

A volcanic island arc is a chain of islands formed by volcanic activity in a line above a subduction zone. The video script mentions that these arcs are a significant feature of oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries, where magma generated by the subducting plate rises to the surface, creating a chain of volcanoes.

💡Trench

A trench is a long, narrow depression in the Earth's crust that forms at convergent boundaries where one plate is subducted beneath another. The video script uses the term to describe the geological feature that marks the boundary between two converging oceanic plates, often parallel to a volcanic island arc.

💡Oceanic Lithosphere

The oceanic lithosphere consists of the Earth's rigid outer layer, composed of the crust and upper mantle, beneath the oceans. The video script explains that in oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries, the older and denser oceanic lithosphere will subduct beneath the younger, less dense one, leading to geological activity.

💡Continental Lithosphere

The continental lithosphere is the part of the Earth's lithosphere that includes the continental crust and the uppermost part of the mantle beneath it. In the video, it is contrasted with the oceanic lithosphere, particularly in the context of oceanic-continental convergent boundaries where the denser oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath the continental lithosphere.

💡Ring of Fire

The Ring of Fire is a region around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. The video script refers to this area as having a high concentration of convergent boundaries, which is why it experiences a lot of seismic and volcanic activity.

💡Divergent Boundary

A divergent boundary is a type of tectonic plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. While not the main focus of the video, the script contrasts this with convergent boundaries, highlighting the different movements and geological outcomes associated with each type of boundary.

💡Transform Fault Boundary

A transform fault boundary is a type of tectonic plate boundary where plates slide past each other horizontally. Similar to divergent boundaries, this is not the main focus of the video but is mentioned to provide a comprehensive understanding of the different types of plate boundaries.

Highlights

Introduction to Module 5 focusing on convergent boundaries for Grade 10 students.

Essential learning competency is to explain processes along plate boundaries.

Objectives include explaining collisions of oceanic and continental crusts, and two continental crusts.

The importance of labeling a figure showing a convergent plate boundary.

Discussing the significant effects of convergent plate boundaries on Earth's crust.

Review of the three types of plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform fault.

Convergent boundaries are where plates move towards each other, divergent where they move apart, and transform fault where they slide past each other.

Visualizing plate movements with GIFs to understand relative movements in different plate boundaries.

Map showing the distribution of different types of plate boundaries, highlighting the Ring of Fire's convergent boundaries.

Definition of convergent plate boundary as a place where two plates move together, also known as a collision or destructive boundary.

Explanation of the three types of convergent boundaries based on lithosphere interaction: oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental.

Detailed discussion on oceanic-oceanic convergence, including subduction and formation of volcanic island arcs and trenches.

Subduction is the process where one plate goes under another due to density differences.

Older oceanic lithosphere is denser and thus more likely to undergo subduction.

Convergent boundaries are destructive because subducted lithosphere melts and is destroyed.

Simulation demonstrating oceanic-oceanic convergence, showing subduction and formation of volcanic island arcs over time.

Volcanic island arcs and trenches are key features of oceanic-oceanic convergence.

Introduction to the effects of convergent boundaries on Earth's crust.

Transcripts

good day everyone i am again mom deya

and for today

we will be discussing module 5 or

the module for week number 5 which is

all about

convergent boundary now this module is

for grade 10 students and if you're

under me if you are from section gold

helium silver nickel and vanity

this video is for you so in this

lesson our most essential learning

competency is

to explain the different processes that

occur along plate boundaries

if you remember last week we discussed

the three different types of plate

boundaries

so for this week we will be discussing

just one of them

which is convergent boundaries

specifically we want to achieve these

objectives

first to explain what happens when

oceanic and continental crust collide

when two oceanic crusts collide and when

two continental crust

collide second

label the figure that shows convergent

plate boundary

and third give the significant effects

of convergent plate boundary on the

earth's

crust

so we will be starting this lesson by

having a review of the three types of

plate boundaries

so here we have a picture this picture

was already shown last time to you

as you can see in this picture there are

different

sets of arrows we have arrows that

are pointing towards each other we also

have arrows that are pointing away from

each other

and we also have arrows that are moving

side by side or sliding past each other

now can you remember the three different

types of plate boundaries

based on these movements

okay so we have

first the convergent boundary which will

be our lesson for today

second the divergent boundary and third

transform fault boundary so as you can

remember

convergent boundaries are plate

boundaries where

the plates are moving towards each other

for the diversion boundary the plates

are moving away from each other

and for transform fault boundary the

plates are moving

or sliding past each other so don't

forget

those movements because they will help

you remember the difference among the

three

so for us to better visualize what

happens in these three types of plate

boundaries

i have here gifs

so here we can see the movements or the

relative movements of the plates in each

type of

plate boundary so again the arrows

show you or show us what are the

relative

movements and right now our

highlight would be convergent boundaries

but before we proceed with the specifics

of this type of plate boundary

let's look at this map so as you can see

this map

combines all the different types of

blade boundaries

we can see the red marks showing

convergent boundaries

we also have white marks showing the

divergent boundaries

and the orange marks showing the

transform

boundaries now what can you notice

okay so as you can see this area which

we call the ring of fire

has lots of convergent boundaries

also this area has lots of earthquake

activities and we also know that this

area's

or this area has lots of volcanoes or

active volcanoes in it

as we have discussed in the previous

weeks

and as you can see also um

most of the divergent and transform

boundaries are

found near each other so right now we

will be discussing convergent

boundaries let's start with the

definition

of a convergent plate boundary

convergent comes from the root word

converge which means

coming together

so again a convergent plate boundary is

a plate boundary where two plates

move together it is sometimes called a

collision boundary or a destructive

boundary now why is it called a

collision boundary

it's very easy to relate collision with

converging because whenever two plates

move towards

each other the tendency is for them to

collide

however the term destructive is a bit

harder to explain

but will be discussed in the next slides

also it has three types and the three

types are based on the type

of litosphere that are interacting with

each

other so remember we have two types of

lithosphere

this was discussed in lesson one or in

module one

we have continental lithosphere and we

have oceanic lithosphere

so as for the three types of convergent

boundaries

we have first oceanic oceanic

second oceanic continental and third

continental continental so it's very

easy to distinguish

one from the other because as you all

know oceanic oceanic

would be a plate boundary consisting of

one oceanic lithosphere and another

oceanic lithosphere

for oceanic continental we have an

oceanic lithosphere

moving towards a continental lithosphere

and for a continental continental we

have a continental lithosphere

moving towards a continental lithosphere

so we will be discussing this deeply

in the next slides

let's start with oceanic oceanic

convergence

the figure you can see below is the

figure shown

in your module this is a cross-sectional

diagram of converging to

oceanic plates what are the important

terms that you can see

in this diagram

okay so you have oceanic crust here we

oceanic lithosphere remember

uh we can interchange crust and

lithosphere in the discussion they are

almost the same and then we have

subducting oceanic lithosphere

we also have melting here we also have a

stenosphere

what specifically happens in an oceanic

oceanic

convergence here two oceanic slabs

converge and one descends beneath the

other

so in filipino it means

why we will be discussing it in a few

minutes

and what are the important geologic

processes or features

to be remembered for this type of

convergence we have

a volcanic island arc we have a trench

and we have an earthquake always

remember

that whenever there is a movement

of plates there would be

an earthquake because even a very slight

movement would cause a release

of energy inside the earth so having

earthquakes is not

really a question here so we will be

focusing more

on the geologic features that would

arise in each type

of convergence okay now what is

subduction again

so subduction is the process of

um one plate going under the other plate

because

of density now can you remember

which plate or which type of lithosphere

is denser than the other

okay that's correct so an oceanic

lithosphere

would be denser than a continental

lithosphere

however if we have two oceanic

lithospheres

which would be denser

would they just go down at the same time

because they are both

dense

the answer is no because definitely in

the diagram that is shown to you

on the screen one would undergo

subduction

and this abduction would have something

to do with the age

of the oceanic crust or the oceanic

lithosphere

okay so always remember that

an older oceanic lithosphere

or an older oceanic crust would

tend to be denser than a younger

oceanic lithosphere so therefore if you

have a young

oceanic lithosphere and you have an old

oceanic lithosphere

the old oceanic lithosphere would

undergo

subduction so didn't

destructive plate boundary

now why is convergence or why is a

convergent boundary a destructive

boundary it's because

if one part of the lithosphere undergoes

subduction

okay that part of the little sphere

would melt

or therefore would be destroyed inside

okay but it's not really entirely

destroyed

it will melt and something will happen

to it

which we can see in the next

picture so this picture

shows us what happens in oceanic oceanic

convergence so here we have

an oceanic lithosphere on the left and

we also have another oceanic lithosphere

on the right

technically the right oceanic

lithosphere should be older because

it's the one undergoing subduction

once it reaches a certain part of the

earth where the temperature is high

enough to melt

it it would melt and that part

would give out magma and that magma

would come out of the lithosphere which

would produce

this volcanic island

arc now the point

where the two oceanic lithospheres met

would be

a trench so anong trench

a trench is a depression

in the earth's lithosphere which marks

the boundary

of two plates so in this

case we have the boundary of the oceanic

lithospheres

in this part bitusila and this would

become a

trench can you remember a

name of a trench that is famous

[Music]

okay so we have the mariana strength the

philippine trench

so marami time trench and usually these

trenches are

located parallel to

a volcanic island arc

so here is another picture of oceanic

oceanic convergence

which was somehow flipped on the other

side

now it would also show the same features

so we have a trench here

and then we have the island arc by the

way this is also another

thing to remember in some

books or in some sources

volcanic island orcs are called island

arcs for oceanic oceanic convergence

when we go to oceanic continental

convergence which is after this

there is a similar geologic feature that

would arise

which they call in the module as

volcanic

island art however in some sources in

other books they call that continental

volcanic arts to distinguish maybe

oceanic oceanic and oceanic continental

now for the case of this module we will

be following the module

they called it volcanic island arcs

both for oceanic oceanic and oceanic

continental

however i will also be introducing the

other terms

just in case

sources so going back

oceanic oceanic convergence we still

have trench we have the

island arcs or the volcanic island arcs

now for you to be able to really

visualize what is happening

through the years i will be showing you

a simulation

okay so let's have a quick run through

of what can be seen in this

simulation we have two tabs the crust

and the plate motion

so we will be doing the plate motion

later but then you can see

here that oceanic crust is

thinner than continental crust so we

have already

discussed that in the previous weeks

so i have the option here to show the

density and the temperature and then

also to

show the labels when i go to plate

motion

okay so we will be choosing the

automatic mode

and then since we are demonstrating

oceanic oceanic convergence i will be

adding

a young oceanic crust on the left side

and the old oceanic crust on the

right side now for us to be able to see

the difference

i will be showing all the labels

and then i will also show seawater para

oceanic and then

we will be choosing conversion it was

already chosen

here

okay so i will also be showing the

temperature as well

because of the color red now if i press

the play button

okay we can see that they possibly

nothing

the old oceanic crust underwent

subduction

okay so this was mentioned a while ago

to you remember

the denser type of lithosphere would

undergo subduction

so if you have oceanic continental

the oceanic would undergo subduction

now if you have oceanic oceanic since

both are dense

the older oceanic lithosphere

would undergo subduction as you can see

in this simulation

okay slolan nathan time elapsed

three million years already

movement

and then notice what happens

particularly in this

part

okay so please focus on this

part

we can see that this subducting

oceanic lithosphere the older oceanic

lithosphere

will start to melt once it reaches a

certain part of the mantle

so as we all know as we go deeper the

temperature becomes

hotter or it becomes higher

so what happens now to this

molten materials so this molten

materials

or the magma will go up

and then afterwards

this would produce something on top

it's 27 million years here and counting

look what happens

and we stopped at 50 million

years now what can you notice on top

of this region what can you see

there are volcanoes and again we call

this volcanoes

volcanic island arcs

so again uh don't forget if we have

uh volcanic island arcs here we also

have

a trench parallel to that

volcanic island arc

so i hope you have understood what

happens in an oceanic oceanic

convergence

so it's now time for us to

go to the actual effects