Learner centered Psychological Principles
Summary
TLDRThis lesson delves into learner-centered psychological principles introduced by the American Psychological Association, highlighting 14 key principles categorized into cognitive/metacognitive, motivational/affective, developmental/social, and individual differences factors. It emphasizes the importance of an intentional learning process, setting meaningful goals, constructing knowledge, strategic thinking, and metacognition. The video also underscores the role of motivation, emotional states, and individual learning differences in enhancing educational effectiveness, concluding with the significance of appropriate standards and assessments in the learning process.
Takeaways
- 📚 The concept of 'learner-centered psychological principles' was introduced by the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1990, and it has evolved to include 14 principles to guide effective education frameworks.
- 💡 Learning is most effective when learners actively construct meaning from information and experiences, emphasizing the intentional process within the classroom.
- 🎯 Successful learners are characterized by being active, goal-oriented, and self-regulating, which are essential attributes for effective learning and teaching strategies.
- 🔗 The learning process involves linking new information with existing knowledge, highlighting the importance of integration and connection across different subjects and disciplines.
- 🤔 Strategic thinking is crucial for learners to overcome challenges, demonstrating the ability to devise plans and approaches to achieve learning objectives.
- 🧠 Metacognition, or 'thinking about thinking,' involves learners in monitoring and assessing their own learning strategies, which is vital for self-improvement.
- 🌐 Learning is influenced by environmental factors such as culture, technology, and instructional practices, which educators must consider to create a conducive learning environment.
- 🌟 Intrinsic motivation plays a significant role in learning, driven by creativity, higher-order thinking, and natural curiosity, which should be nurtured by educators.
- 💪 The level of effort exerted by learners is directly influenced by their motivation, underscoring the importance of maintaining and enhancing learner interest and engagement.
- 🌈 Recognizing individual differences among learners is essential as it acknowledges diverse abilities, interests, and cultural backgrounds, which should be respected and catered to in teaching.
- 📈 Assessment and setting appropriate standards are integral to the learning process, providing feedback on learner progress and areas for improvement, and should be challenging yet achievable.
Q & A
What are learner-centered psychological principles?
-Learner-centered psychological principles are a set of guidelines introduced by the American Psychological Association in 1990, revised to 14 principles, which aim to create a more effective educational framework by integrating theories and research in psychology with educational practices.
Why were the learner-centered psychological principles developed?
-They were developed to better understand the nature of learners and the learning process, enabling educators to design strategies and approaches that maximize student learning and help them become effective teachers.
How many learner-centered psychological principles are there, and how have they evolved?
-Initially, there were 12 principles, but after a revision seven years later, the number increased to 14, reflecting an ongoing effort to refine educational strategies based on psychological research.
What are the four categories of learner-centered psychological principles?
-The four categories are cognitive and metacognitive factors, motivational and affective factors, developmental and social factors, and individual differences factors.
Can you explain the first principle of the learning process?
-The first principle emphasizes that learning complex subject matter is most effective when it is an intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experience, highlighting the importance of an active, constructivist approach to learning.
What does it mean to be a successful learner according to the script?
-A successful learner is active, goal-oriented, self-regulating, and capable of linking new information with existing knowledge, using strategic thinking and metacognition to monitor and assess their learning effectively.
How do motivational and affective factors influence learning?
-Motivational and affective factors influence learning by affecting a learner's emotional state, beliefs, interests, goals, and habits of thinking, which in turn can stimulate intrinsic motivation and effort in learning tasks.
What is the significance of setting appropriate standards and assessments in the learning process?
-Setting appropriate standards and assessments is crucial as they provide feedback on learning progress, help identify areas for improvement, and ensure that learning challenges are at an optimal level to promote growth.
How do developmental and social factors impact learning?
-Developmental factors impact learning by considering the differential development across physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains, while social factors influence learning through interpersonal relations, communications, and the social environment.
What is the role of culture, technology, and instructional practices in the context of learning?
-Culture, technology, and instructional practices play a vital role in the learning context by influencing the learning environment. Educators must be sensitive to cultural backgrounds, utilize technology effectively, and ensure high-quality instructional practices to enhance learning.
How can educators apply the principle of construction of knowledge in their teaching?
-Educators can apply the principle of construction of knowledge by helping learners link new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways, using strategies such as concept mapping and graphic organizers to facilitate integration and meaningful learning.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Learner-Centered Psychological Principles
The video script introduces the concept of learner-centered psychological principles, initially established by the American Psychological Association in 1990. It explains that these principles integrate research from education and psychology to create a more effective educational framework. The script outlines the 14 principles categorized into cognitive/metacognitive, motivational/affective, developmental/social, and individual differences factors. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these principles for educators to become effective teachers and to facilitate the learning process, focusing on the first principle, the nature of the learning process, and the characteristics of successful learners.
🎯 Goals and Construction of Knowledge
This paragraph delves into the second principle of the learning process, which involves setting goals for meaningful and coherent presentations of knowledge. It stresses the importance of learners setting their own short-term and long-term goals, with educators guiding them to link these goals for a more committed learning experience. The third principle, the construction of knowledge, is also discussed, highlighting the need for learners to connect new information with existing knowledge, using strategies like concept mapping to facilitate meaningful learning.
🤔 Strategic Thinking and Metacognition in Learning
The script moves on to the fourth and fifth principles: strategic thinking and metacognition. It describes how successful learners use strategic thinking to overcome challenges, such as public speaking or preparing for a play, by planning and organizing their approach. Metacognition, or 'thinking about thinking,' is the ability to monitor and assess one's learning strategies, facilitating creative and critical thinking. Educators are encouraged to foster these skills in students to enhance their learning experience.
🌐 Environmental Influences on Learning
The sixth principle discussed is the context of learning, which is influenced by environmental factors such as culture, technology, and instructional practices. The script advises educators to be sensitive to the cultural backgrounds of students and to effectively utilize technology to enhance learning. It also emphasizes the importance of high-quality teaching practices in creating a conducive learning environment.
🔥 Motivation and Intrinsic Drive in Learning
The motivational and affective factors are the focus of this paragraph, starting with the influence of motivation on a learner's effort and the role of intrinsic motivation in fostering creativity, higher-order thinking, and natural curiosity. The script explains how teachers can sustain students' motivation by connecting lessons to personal interests and providing choices and control over the learning process. It also touches on the importance of recognizing and catering to individual differences among learners.
🌟 Embracing Diversity and the Importance of Assessment
This paragraph addresses the importance of embracing linguistic and cultural diversity in the classroom to ensure respect and motivation for all students. It also discusses the final two principles: the influence of developmental and social factors on learning. The script highlights the need for holistic learning that considers physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development. Furthermore, it underscores the role of social interactions and communication in the learning process, as well as the significance of appropriate standards and assessments in tracking and enhancing learning progress.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Learner-Centered Psychological Principles
💡Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors
💡Motivational and Affective Factors
💡Developmental and Social Factors
💡Individual Differences
💡Constructivist Learning
💡Strategic Thinking
💡Metacognition
💡Intrinsic Motivation
💡Context of Learning
💡Standards and Assessment
Highlights
Introduction of learner-centered psychological principles by the American Psychological Association in 1990.
Evolution from 12 to 14 principles over time, indicating a dynamic and responsive educational framework.
Integration of research and theories in psychology to create a more effective educational framework.
The importance of understanding the nature of learners and the learning process for effective teaching strategies.
Categorization of principles into cognitive/metacognitive, motivational/affective, developmental/social, and individual differences factors.
Emphasis on the intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experience in learning.
Characteristics of successful learners: active participation, goal orientation, and self-regulation.
The significance of setting both short-term and long-term learning goals for learners.
Linking new information with existing knowledge to construct meaningful learning.
Encouraging strategic thinking in learners to overcome challenges and achieve learning objectives.
Metacognition as a tool for learners to monitor and assess their own learning strategies.
The influence of environmental factors, including culture, technology, and instructional practices on learning.
Importance of intrinsic motivation and how it is stimulated by novelty, difficulty, and personal interest.
The role of motivation in sustaining effort and engagement in learning tasks.
Acknowledging individual differences in learners and catering to diverse abilities and backgrounds.
The necessity of setting high and challenging standards in assessment to promote learning growth.
Holistic learning that takes into account physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development.
The impact of social interactions and communication on learning and the development of communication skills.
Transcripts
hello to everyone I'm here to present a
lesson in facilitating child centered
learning specifically the topic learner
centered psychological principles so
what are these learning learner centered
psychological principles it was
introduced to us by the American
Psychological Association or APA in the
year 1990 so originally there were 12
learning cert learner-centered
psychological principles but after seven
years it was revised and it has now 14
learner centered when it has no 14
principles so we'll go in each principle
as we go on in our lesson okay so what
is it named learner centered
psychological principles it's because
the research in researchers and theories
and education were integrated to that of
the theories in researcher researchers
in psychology so it was made in order to
make or to design a new framework and
more effective framework in education so
until now right until now it is
integrated because we taught it was seen
I mean the effectivity of it is was
observed in the educational system the
teaching and learning process so
learning this one would help you
understand better the learning the
nature of learners in the nature of the
learning process as well and with that
knowledge you have you will now have the
idea what strategists probably what
approaches would you use in order to
maximize the learning of your students
in order for you to become an effective
teacher well I know if you're watching
this video I know you would also want it
to become the best picture you could
ever be and so you have to listen very
well because understanding the learner
is one of the initial steps to be a
great teacher okay so these 14 learning
learner centered psychological
principles were categorized into four we
have the cognitive and metacognitive
factors we also have the motivational
and affective factors also the
developmental
and social factors and individual
differences factors so some of you might
be familiar with the terms that you
you've read in the screen so individual
differences motivation or affective
factors developmental factors and so on
and so forth but we are going to focus
on the principles so start with
cognitive and metacognitive factors the
first principle is the nature of the
learning process okay and it states here
that the learning of complex subject
matter is most effective when it is an
intentional process of constructing
meaning from information and experience
I wanted to emphasize the term
intentional process this is actually
happening inside the classroom that
you're learning there is mostly
intentional why did I say so because
your teachers come into your class with
an end in mind already so he or she has
already the objectives of the lesson
what you will be learning right after
the class and he has already the
strategies the approaches that he can
use he or she can use in order for that
for those objectives to be met and he
has already designed the assessment task
to know whether you you learn the lesson
or not so it's intentional it's an
intentional process and another
important terms here is constructing
meaning okay so we go inside the cast
educators we go inside the classroom not
just to feed their learners right with
information but we help our learners
they use the knowledge that they
acquired in the experience that they
have in order to construct meaning okay
so we do not spoon feed our learners but
we help them become constructivist they
they will become creators of knowledge
creators of meaning right so that's the
nature of the learning process if we do
not feed the students but we help them
become constructivist okay but of course
the
with the integration of effective
strategies in teaching okay and
successful learners are these are the
characteristics of successful learners
so you could assess her students on or
for now you could assess yourself
whether you are successful learner a
successful learner or not so first if
active what can you say that your
student is active okay when they take
part in the teaching learning process so
during discussion they listen
attentively the chat down loads during
recitation they share their answer they
share their ideas thoughts about certain
topic in during activities they
collaborate with the teachers within
they collaborate also with their
students in that sense students can be
described as active alright second a
successful learner is goal oriented they
set goals for themselves
rightly go inside the classroom because
they have certain goals to be met okay
you wanted to become professional you
wanted to become a teacher and engineer
a doctor and so on so forth
they said they set their goals so that's
the long term goal okay but they must
also have the ability to set their
short-term goals so they see the
significance of every less than the
future to them so successful learners
are always goal oriented and then the
next one is self-regulating okay so they
have the ability to monitor their
progress to monitor and assess their
learning strategies whether it is
effective or not and they have the
ability to remain focused on learning so
they will not be distracted with
environmental factors of peer factors
and so on and so forth so these are the
characteristics of successful learners
okay that is the first principle the
nature of the learning process the
second principle is goals of the
learning process so what are the goals
the learning process successful learner
over time and we support an
instructional guidance can create
meaningful coherent
presentations of knowledge so it is kind
of related to the first one goals of the
learning process
now as educators we have to help our
learners set your own learning goals
it's not only the teacher who set the
learning who sets the learning goal but
also that students the learners in the
learner center their learning goals then
they will become more committed in
attaining that learning goal so there
must be short term goal again there must
be a short term goal a long term goal
okay in as teachers we must help our
students link their short-term goal to
their long-term goal so how they have to
realize that these short-term goals that
they have gained would lead to the
attainment of their long-term goals
right so we help them with the
instruction with the guidance and so on
and so that's the learning of its the
goal of the learning process
okay it's the second principle the third
principle is the construction of
knowledge successful learner can link
new information with existing knowledge
in meaningful ways now learners learn a
lot of things learners learn from
different disciplines right you know
science math English social studies
geography history and so on and so forth
they learned also from other people they
learned also from their environment
there a lot of sources of knowledge but
these subjects or disciplines are not
actually isolated okay they are always
connected with one another okay and so
this does teachers as educators we have
to help them connect the new lessons or
the new learning that they have to the
previous lessons that they have okay so
that they can they can construct
meaningful learning right they must have
the link okay how can we do that we can
use concept mapping right we can use
graphic organizers organizers to
represent the knowledge that they've
acquired to the link that in the
previous lessons that they have
okay so you have so there must be
integration okay with the lessons that
they are studying okay so this is the
third one construction of knowledge the
third one is strategic thinking okay now
I would want to give an example about I
think this is more of the experience
okay because most of the ineptly most of
the time but a lot of times probably
yeah whenever I give context as to my
students a some of the students really
complain right they would first complain
before they would comply because they're
thinking that it's very hard to do
because they also have a lot of things
to do the no sufficient materials no I
mean there's no enough time and so on
and so forth but as a successful learner
a successful learner wouldn't complain
but would see that as an opportunity for
them to learn because they have
strategic thinking right so in the first
glance problem is very difficult to
attain but the successful learners can
make use of strategic thinking right how
can we achieve this one it's like for
example if you are tasked to make a
plate for example right that's the end
of the course you will be staging a play
or musical right so it's first very very
very hard to do it's very laborious it
needs a lot of preparations but as
successful learners you think first
strategy so how are you going to do that
one how are you going to rehearse with
the time that you have what materials
are you going to use when are you going
to climb right where do you get the
materials how do you practice and so on
and so forth you would always think of
this strategy how are you going to
achieve that one right the other another
example is presumably you're asked to
give a speech presentation in front of a
lot of audience if you're not into that
if you're not into public speaking
you would still not complain but if
you're a success if you're successful
learner you will did complain but you
would think of a strategy how are you
going to develop yourself if you're not
good in public speaking probably you can
start practicing with yourself right
listening to your speech looking you're
looking at yourself in front of the
mirror and after that you could invite
probably people in your house to see and
to see your speech performance and to
give constructive feedback in order for
you to prove more your performance so
that's it you have to think for strategy
so they are there must have strategic
thinking right in the learners that's
the fourth principle okay
strategic thinking the fifth one is
thinking about thinking okay again it's
thinking about thinking in other words
this is called meta cognition okay it's
meta cognition so what didn't say here I
already think strategies for selecting
and monitoring mental operations
facility creative and critical thinking
so our students they must have the
ability to monitor game monitor their
own learning and assess their strategies
of learning whether it is effective or
not if it's not effective then think of
another learning strategy or to be
applied in order to boost your own
learning
right so thinking about thinking or
assessing your own learning if it
learning strategies but it is effective
or not
okay so that's the fifth principle
thinking about thinking okay and the
sixth principle is context of learning
learning is influenced by environmental
factors including culture technology and
instructional practices again again I
want to emphasize this one so this could
affect learning right culture technology
in instructional practices okay so as
teachers you must be sensitive with the
culture of the students so make sure
that whatever
cultural background they have whatever
belief they have you must have to really
accept those and we have to be sensitive
with their culture because there must be
quality inside our classroom right
technology as well okay we have to use
we have to really maximize technology in
order for us to boost learning right we
can use technology for searching for
presenting our lesson and so on so forth
in instructional practices definitely
your the quality of teaching the quality
of the teachers really matter when it
comes to learning so these factors could
influence in the learning process all
right okay so that's the sixth principle
context of learning so environmental
factors play very very vital role in the
learning of the students so you have to
be sensitive with the environment and
have to make sure that you can take
advantage of technology in order for
learners to learn best
okay so that's the first category the
cognitive and mental cognitive factors
the second category is the motivational
in affective factors so we have here
motivational and emotional influences of
learners but and how much third is
influenced made the learners motivation
motivation to learn in turn is
influenced by dividuals emotional states
beliefs interests in goals and habits of
thinking okay motivation is just like
our if you will to go on
it's our few will to exert more effort
in whatever we are doing because we
enjoy it because we see its relevance
because we know it's meaningful right so
the motivation must be sustained by the
teachers so that students will keep on
exerting their effort in learning in
doing they'll keep on doing they will
keep on doing their best during the
teaching and learning process okay and
it is influence
also emotional space okay so they must
be you know motivated okay where they're
learning they must see that they must
feel the you know enthusiasm in learning
it's also influenced by their beliefs
and interest okay so what teachers we
have to make sure that we have to
present something new to our students
every now and then okay so that the
interest will be sustained it's not just
they go inside your classroom then sit
down they listen they write and that's
it right you could adopt you know
interactive activities so that they will
be more interested in the last one all
right okay in then they set goals and
then they habits of thinking so this
could influence learning motivational
and emotional influences right eighth
principle intrinsic motivation learn
learners creativity higher-order
thinking it natural curiosity all
contribute to the motivational factors
again creativity higher-order thinking
skills and natural curiosity are they
curious in studying right or are they
just I mean it's just nothing right they
just absorb it without curiosity without
the intention to really master the
Lassard or so and so forth intrinsic
motivation is stimulated by past of
optimal novelty in difficulty relevant
to personal interest so it must be your
lesson must be connected to their
personal interest and provide of and
providing for personal choice and
control now for more information about
intrinsic motivation specifically on
teaching the students how to really be
how to use their curiosity in learning
and how to sustain the interest of the
learners in the teaching learning
process I want you to watch this video I
downloaded in
YouTube okay all right
learn hey we also have effects of
motivation on effort well I've already
mentioned this a while ago that if a
person if a learner is motivation are
motivated they would extend efforts on
doing certain tasks they would extend
effort on accomplishing a learning task
right so let's assume that that's very
important and that's the reason why we
must sustain motivation among our
learners it's the ninth principle
effects of motivation on effort right
and we also have here the individual
differences factors well we all know
that learners have different
intelligences they have different
abilities they come from different
cultural background in knowing other
words they're not similar to each other
okay so as learners we have to see to it
that we you know sustain the needs of
the students although there is a
diversity inside our classroom so some
of us might be good in math might not be
good in math but good in English some of
us might be good in English but might be
good in English but not in sports some
of us might be good good in sports but
not in in arts right so we have
different abilities right and that must
be and that must be acknowledged by the
teacher and must not level the students
if there are nothing you know exerting
as they're not easily in selling enough
or developing in a certain area because
probably their intelligence is inclined
to another intelligence right for
example in music right and so on and so
forth so we must use various strategies
so that these in the
differences will be catered by the
teacher right and learning and diversity
okay so as teachers we have to consider
that our students have different
linguistic background cultural
background so that they feel respected
inside the classroom if they feel
respected inside the classroom they will
be more motivated to learn right they
must know that there's differences
there's a different I mean there are
differences but they're diverse but they
have to feel respected and they must
respect also others diversity okay
learning in the university that's the
13th principle and the fourteenth
principle standards and assessment okay
so setting appropriate high and
challenging standards and assessment the
learner and learning progress including
diagnostic process and outcome
assessment are integral parts of
learning process why is assessment and
standard important in education some
students hate that right but we have to
let them realize that's very important
because that would tell a lot what it
comes to their learning assessment must
be used to help students know what
fields do they need to learn more and
how far they've learned already okay and
you have to remember that you have to
set standards as well okay assessment
must not be very easy if assessment is
very easy and you always get perfect
score you complain right because you are
not learning something new for that okay
because the assessment is very easy if
it is too hard then you complain because
many an ideal assessment must be one
step ahead of the current level of the
students okay if that's too hard for
them that would weed out the I mean it
will just read out the poor students
right who will Excel only those who are
advanced right but it shouldn't be it
must be one step ahead of the current
level
learning is a good cents standard in
assessment okay and then the last
category that we have here is
developmental and social factors there
are two principles for this so by a
principle ten developmental influence on
learning and individual as individuals
developed they encountered different
opportunities and experience different
constraints for learning learning
learning is most effective when
differential development between and
across physical intellectual emotional
social domains is taken into account in
other words there must be a holistic
learning okay the not only cognitive
level or cognitive aspect so learning
must be holistic meaning students or
learners must you know enhance physical
aspirator intellectual aspect emotional
aspects and social domains alright so
developmental influence on learning and
then the other one social influences on
learning learning is influenced by
social interactions Hey interpersonal in
relations and communications with others
we are not living alone we communicate
with other people we communicate with
our classmates with our parents with our
teachers with the community and as we
communicate with them we acquire
knowledge right we learn something new
with our interaction the other destroyed
communication skills is very vital in
learning they that's the influence of
social factors to learning okay where
are we were done with that we're done
with learning diversity standards and
assessment okay this is 14 okay so those
are the 14 principles in or
learner-centered 14 principles learner
centered psychological principles if you
have questions you can just comment in
the comment section or you can just PM
me if you know me personally
and clarifications but don't forget
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