What is Dengue? Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and treatment.

Summary

Dengue fever, an acute infectious disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, presents with symptoms like severe headaches, joint pain, and rashes. It can escalate to severe dengue, characterized by plasma leakage and risk of shock. Early diagnosis and symptom management are crucial, with the first vaccine available since 2015 offering partial prevention. This video educates viewers on dengue's impact and the importance of awareness.

Takeaways

• 🦟 Dengue is an acute, infectious disease caused by the dengue virus, a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus.
• 🌡️ Symptoms of dengue fever include severe headache, joint pain, and a rash, typically developing between 3 to 14 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.
• 🔍 The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes of the species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which are often found in urban and suburban areas.
• 🌍 Aedes albopictus mosquitoes have spread to America and Europe through the transport of Asian products, and they can survive sub-freezing temperatures, allowing dengue to reach cooler climates.
• 🤒 Classic symptoms of dengue fever include fever, headache, eye pain, muscle and joint pains, extreme fatigue, and a rash appearing between the 2nd and 5th day of fever.
• 🩸 Severe dengue, also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), is characterized by increased vascular permeability, plasma leakage, low platelet count, and a tendency towards severe bleeding.
• 🚨 Warning signs of severe dengue include abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, lethargy, mucosal bleeding, liver enlargement, and fluid accumulation in the lungs or abdomen.
• 🏥 Treatment for severe dengue requires hospitalization, particularly in an intensive care unit, for close monitoring and medication to manage blood pressure.
• 💉 The first dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, was introduced in Mexico in December 2015 and is administered as a three-dose series to individuals aged 9 to 45.
• 🛡️ Dengvaxia has been shown to prevent about 59% of dengue cases, but it is crucial to manage symptoms and seek medical attention if experiencing signs of dengue fever.
• 🌟 The video encourages viewers to like, share, and subscribe to stay updated on the latest videos about health and diseases.

Q & A

What is dengue fever?

Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease characterized by symptoms such as severe headache, joint pain, and a rash, caused by the dengue virus, a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus.

Which mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting dengue fever?

Dengue fever is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes of the species Aedes aegypti and sometimes by Aedes albopictus.

Why are Aedes mosquitoes particularly associated with urban and suburban areas?

Aedes mosquitoes are found in urban and suburban areas because they prefer to breed in man-made containers such as tires, flowerpots, and other household water storage.

How did Aedes albopictus mosquitoes spread to America and Europe?

Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were transported to America and Europe through the import of Asian products, such as used tires and lucky bamboo.

What are the typical signs and symptoms of dengue fever?

Symptoms of dengue fever usually develop between 3 to 14 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito and include fever, headache, pain behind the eyes, severe muscle and joint pains, extreme fatigue, rash, and a tendency to bleed.

What is the most serious form of dengue infection?

The most serious form of dengue infection is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), which is characterized by increased permeability of blood vessels, plasma leakage, low blood platelet count, and a tendency towards severe or hemorrhagic bleeding.

What are the warning signs of developing severe dengue or DHF?

Warning signs of severe dengue or DHF include abdominal pain or tenderness, persistent vomiting, lethargy or restlessness, mucosal bleeding, liver enlargement, and fluid accumulation in the lungs or abdomen.

Why is shock a life-threatening concern in dengue hemorrhagic fever?

Shock is life-threatening in DHF because it involves the leakage of plasma into the surrounding tissues, leading to a lack of plasma in the bloodstream, which impairs blood circulation and can result in metabolic problems and organ failure.

How can dengue infection be diagnosed?

Dengue infection can be diagnosed with a test that checks for the presence of the virus or antibodies to it in the patient's blood.

What is the recommended treatment for dengue fever?

Treatment for dengue fever primarily involves managing symptoms with pain relievers that don't worsen bleeding, and intravenous fluids to prevent shock. Frequent blood draws and assessments are necessary to monitor the patient's condition.

What is the significance of the dengue vaccine that was made available in 2015?

The dengue vaccine, introduced in 2015, is significant as it covers all four dengue subtypes and is administered to people aged 9 to 45 as a three-dose series, with studies showing it can prevent about 59% of dengue cases.

Outlines

00:00

🤒 Dengue Fever: Symptoms and Transmission

This paragraph introduces dengue fever as an acute infectious disease with symptoms such as severe headaches, joint pain, and a rash. It is caused by the dengue virus, a single-stranded RNA virus from the flavivirus genus, transmitted by mosquitoes, specifically Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The paragraph explains the typical cycle of infection, where symptoms develop 3 to 14 days post-bite, and outlines the classic signs such as fever, muscle and joint pain, and the potential for severe complications like dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). It also touches on the spread of the disease to new regions through the transportation of infected mosquitoes via international trade.

05:00

🚑 Severe Dengue and Its Treatment

This section delves into the severe form of dengue infection known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), characterized by increased vascular permeability leading to plasma leakage, low platelet counts, and a tendency for severe bleeding. It highlights the life-threatening nature of DHF, particularly the risk of shock due to inadequate plasma in the bloodstream, which can result in organ failure. The paragraph discusses the importance of hospitalization and intensive care for managing shock, as well as the general approach to treating dengue fever, focusing on symptom management and prevention of complications like shock.

💉 Dengue Vaccine Development and Prevention

The final paragraph discusses the development of the dengue vaccine, with the first vaccine being introduced in Mexico in December 2015. It covers all four dengue subtypes and is administered to individuals aged 9 to 45 in a three-dose series. The paragraph mentions the vaccine's efficacy in preventing about 59% of dengue cases and ends with a call to action for viewers to like, share, and subscribe to the channel for more updates.

Keywords

💡Dengue

Dengue is an acute infectious disease caused by the dengue virus, characterized by symptoms such as severe joint pain, headache, and rash. It is the main theme of the video, illustrating the disease's impact and symptoms. The script describes dengue as being transmitted by mosquitoes and outlines its progression and severity.

💡Flavivirus

Flavivirus is a genus of single-stranded RNA viruses, which includes the dengue virus. The term is key to understanding the biological nature of the pathogen causing dengue. The script specifies that the dengue virus belongs to this genus, emphasizing its classification among viruses.

💡Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti is a species of mosquito known for transmitting dengue virus. The script highlights this mosquito as a primary vector in the spread of dengue, indicating its significance in disease transmission and the importance of mosquito control in prevention efforts.

💡Aedes albopictus

Aedes albopictus, also known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is another species that can transmit dengue, as mentioned in the script. It has been transported to new regions through international trade, contributing to the spread of dengue fever.

💡Breakbone fever

Breakbone fever is a colloquial term for dengue due to the severe joint and muscle pain it causes. The script uses this term to illustrate the intensity of the pain associated with the disease, providing a vivid description of the symptoms experienced by patients.

💡Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)

DHF is a severe form of dengue infection characterized by symptoms like plasma leakage, low blood platelet count, and hemorrhaging. The script explains DHF as a serious complication of dengue, emphasizing its life-threatening nature and the need for prompt medical attention.

💡Shock

In the context of DHF, shock refers to a life-threatening condition where plasma leaks into tissues, reducing blood pressure and circulation. The script describes shock as a critical stage of DHF, where hospitalization and intensive care are necessary to manage the patient's condition.

💡Severe dengue

Severe dengue is a term used to describe a worsening of dengue symptoms after the fever breaks. The script mentions this as a potential development, indicating the disease's severity and the importance of monitoring symptoms closely.

💡Dengue shock syndrome (DSS)

DSS is a term used when a person with dengue goes into shock. The script uses this term to highlight the most severe manifestation of dengue, where the patient requires immediate medical intervention to prevent organ failure and death.

💡Dengue vaccine

The dengue vaccine is a medical advancement mentioned in the script, designed to prevent dengue infection by covering all four subtypes. It is significant as it represents a proactive approach to controlling the disease, with the script noting its introduction and efficacy.

💡Dengue diagnosis

Diagnosis of dengue involves testing for the virus or antibodies, as described in the script. This process is crucial for identifying the disease, particularly in individuals who have traveled to areas where dengue is endemic, and ensures appropriate treatment can be administered.

Highlights

Dengue is an acute infectious disease characterized by symptoms such as headache, severe joint pain, and rash.

Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus.

The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, specifically Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

Aedes albopictus mosquitoes have been introduced to America and Europe through the transport of Asian products.

Dengue symptoms typically develop between 3 to 14 days post-infection and include fever, headache, and severe muscle and joint pains.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a severe form of dengue infection characterized by increased vascular permeability and plasma leakage.

DHF is defined by four key features: plasma leakage, low platelet count, prolonged fever, and a tendency towards severe bleeding.

The most life-threatening symptom of DHF is the leakage of plasma into tissues surrounding blood vessels, leading to shock.

Shock in DHF is life-threatening and can result in metabolic problems and organ failure.

Dengue infection can be diagnosed with a test checking for the virus or antibodies.

Treatment for dengue primarily involves managing symptoms and may include pain relievers and intravenous fluids.

A dengue vaccine was first made available in Mexico in December 2015, covering all four dengue subtypes.

The dengue vaccine is administered to individuals aged 9 to 45 as a three-dose series.

The vaccine has been shown to prevent about 59% of dengue cases.

Dengue fever is also known as breakbone fever or dandy fever.

Aedes mosquitoes prefer to breed in man-made containers like tires and flowerpots.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever can manifest with symptoms such as abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, and lethargy.

Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is used when an infected person goes into shock due to the disease.

Transcripts

today's topic is dengue an acute

infectious disease that is characterized

by headache severe joint pain and a rash

that is caused by a single-stranded RNA

virus of the genus flavivirus or species

dengue virus transmitted by mosquitoes

of the genus 80s called also breakbone

fever dandy fever or dengue fever causes

the viruses that cause dengue fever are

spread by mosquitoes of the species

Aedes aegypti and sometimes also by

Aedes albopictus a these mosquitoes are

usually found in urban and suburban

areas as they like to breed in man-made

containers like tires flowerpots and

household water

Aedes albopictus mosquitoes have been

transported to America and Europe by

Asian products like use tires and lucky

bamboo these mosquitoes can survive

sub-freezing temperatures which has

allowed dengue to spread to cooler

climates signs and symptoms symptoms of

dengue fever typically developed between

3 and 14 days after a person is bitten

by an infected mosquito classic symptoms

include fever headache and pain behind

the eyes severe muscle and joint pains

the source of dengue znik name breakbone

fever extreme fatigue rash appearing

between the 2nd and 5th day of fever

tendency to bleed from the skin or nose

bloody stools or heavy menstrual

bleeding nausea and vomiting respiratory

symptoms such as a cough sore throat or

nasal congestion

these symptoms usually last for three to

seven days at which point the fever

breaks after the fever breaks people

either start to get better or get much

worse

developing severe dengue according to

the World Health Organization guidelines

any of the following symptoms are

warning signs that may signal the

development of severe dengue often

called dengue hemorrhagic fever or dhf

abdominal pain or tenderness persistent

vomiting lethargy or restlessness

mucosal bleeding such as bleeding gums

or nosebleeds liver enlargement fluid

accumulation in the lungs or abdomen as

shown by x-rays or ultrasound dengue

hemorrhagic fever dengue hemorrhagic

fever or dhf is the most serious form of

dengue infection VHF is a clinical

syndrome defined by four key features

increased permeability of blood vessels

leading to plasma leakage into the

surrounding tissues and lack of plasma

in the bloodstream which makes the blood

more concentrated low blood platelet

count fever that lasts for two to seven

days tendency towards severe or

hemorrhagic bleeding severe bleeding or

hemorrhage isn't the most dangerous

symptom of dhf the most life-threatening

concern is the leakage of the liquid

part of the blood or plasma into tissue

surrounding the blood vessels when this

happens not only can dangerous pockets

of fluid accumulate where they don't

belong such as in the lungs or abdomen

but there also isn't enough fluid left

in the blood vessels to circulate the

blood properly this inability to

circulate blood properly is called shock

shock is life-threatening and can lead

to metabolic problems and organ failure

treatment of shock requires

hospitalization in an intensive care

unit or ICU for close monitoring and for

the administration of medication that

raises blood pressure into a normal

range

the term dengue shock syndrome or DSS is

used when an infected person has gone

into shock

diagnosis doctors can diagnose dengue

infection with a

one test to check for the virus or

antibodies to it if you become sick

after traveling to a tropical area let

your doctor know this wall out your

doctor to evaluate the possibility that

your symptoms were caused by a dengue

infection treatment as with most viruses

treatment options for dengue will only

manage its symptoms pain relievers that

don't make bleeding worse may be taken

intravenous or IV fluids may be given to

help prevent shock but frequent blood

draws and other assessments must be

performed to make sure the IV fluids

aren't making the person sicker dengue

fever vaccine the first dengue vaccine

dank vaccine was made available in

Mexico in December of 2015 this live

vaccine which covers all four dengue

subtypes is given to people ages 9 to 45

as a three dose series ding back SIA has

been shown to prevent about 59% of

dengue cases thank you for watching our

video please do not forget to like and

share the video also please subscribe to

the channel to stay updated on our

latest videos