Yuval Harari | Inteligencia artificial | Charlas del Futuro

VTRChile
15 Nov 201616:16

Summary

TLDREl presente guion de video aborda la revolución de la inteligencia artificial y su impacto en la sociedad y la economía. Se destaca la 'gran desacoplación' entre inteligencia y conciencia, y cómo la IA avanza sin progreso en conciencia artificial. Plantea preguntas sobre el futuro de los humanos en un mundo donde las computadoras y los robots podrían superarlos en tareas relevantes, generando un debate sobre el rol de los seres conscientes y su utilidad en una economía dominada por la inteligencia artificial.

Takeaways

  • 🧠 La revolución más importante en la historia podría ser la 'gran desacoplación' entre inteligencia y conciencia, algo que siempre antes se asociaba.
  • 🤖 La inteligencia artificial avanza rápidamente, pero la conciencia artificial no ha progresado, manteniendo la diferencia entre lo que un ordenador puede hacer y lo que puede sentir.
  • 🐙 La conciencia, difícil de definir, se asocia con la capacidad de sufrir, algo que los ordenadores y robots no experimentan a pesar de su inteligencia.
  • 🔄 La naturaleza ha vinculado siempre la inteligencia con la conciencia, lo que plantea preguntas sobre la relevancia de cada una en el futuro.
  • ⚔️ Los ejércitos, al ser pioneros en tecnología, muestran cómo la inteligencia es más valiosa que la conciencia en el desempeño de tareas militares.
  • 🏥 La inteligencia artificial tiene el potencial de superar los límites de los médicos humanos, proporcionando diagnósticos más precisos basándose en una cantidad abrumadora de datos.
  • 🚀 La IA puede superar los obstáculos técnicos una vez, lo que podría resultar en una mejora continua y sin límites en comparación con la formación de un médico humano.
  • 🏭 La economía civil podría seguir el ejemplo del ejército, reemplazando a los humanos en tareas que la IA puede hacer mejor.
  • 🕊️ La pregunta subyacente es si los humanos o la mayoría de ellos se volverán obsoletos si la IA supera su capacidad en trabajos relevantes para el sistema político, económico y militar.
  • 🔮 No existe un campo de habilidades desconocido para la ciencia que pueda garantizar un rol único e inderogable para los humanos más allá de la inteligencia artificial.
  • 🤔 La conciencia sigue siendo un misterio, y su papel en el procesamiento de información no está claro, lo que impide la integración de conciencia en máquinas.
  • 🌐 La gran pregunta del siglo XXI es qué hacer con las masas humanas 'inútiles' en un futuro donde la IA podría superar a los humanos en todas las tareas relevantes.

Q & A

  • ¿Qué revolución es probable que veamos en el próximo siglo según el discurso?

    -Según el discurso, la revolución más importante que probablemente veremos en el próximo siglo es la 'gran desacoplación' entre inteligencia y conciencia, lo que podría ser la más significativa no solo en la historia sino también en la biología y la historia de la vida en la Tierra.

  • ¿Cuál es la diferencia fundamental entre la inteligencia artificial y la conciencia artificial según el guion?

    -La inteligencia artificial se refiere a la capacidad de las máquinas para realizar tareas que requieren inteligencia, mientras que la conciencia artificial implicaría la creación de una experiencia subjetiva, la habilidad de sufrir, algo que aún no se ha logrado.

  • ¿Por qué la conciencia es difícil de explicar en palabras según el discurso?

    -La conciencia es difícil de explicar porque se trata de experiencias subjetivas personales, como la habilidad de sufrir, que no se pueden transmitir de manera objetiva o cuantificada.

  • ¿Cuál es la relación histórica entre inteligencia y conciencia según lo que se menciona en el guion?

    -Hasta el momento, la inteligencia y la conciencia siempre han ido de la mano en la naturaleza; las cosas altamente inteligentes también eran conscientes.

  • ¿Qué es lo que necesitan más, la inteligencia o la conciencia, según las necesidades del sistema, el ejército o la economía?

    -Según el discurso, lo que se necesita para el sistema, el ejército y la economía es la inteligencia, ya que no requieren la capacidad de sufrir o la conciencia.

  • ¿Cómo está cambiando la composición del ejército en la actualidad según el guion?

    -El ejército está volviéndose más pequeño y dependiendo cada vez más de la tecnología avanzada para reemplazar a los soldados humanos, lo que hace que los humanos se vuelvan menos útiles en este contexto.

  • ¿En qué áreas el discurso sugiere que la inteligencia artificial podría reemplazar a los humanos?

    -El discurso menciona áreas como el diagnóstico médico y el manejo de vehículos, donde la inteligencia artificial podría ofrecer soluciones más precisas y eficientes que los humanos.

  • ¿Por qué la inteligencia artificial podría ser un diagnóstico mejor que los médicos humanos según el guion?

    -La inteligencia artificial tiene el potencial de conocer y actualizarse constantemente con toda la historia médica, la historia genética y los avances en investigación y medicamentos, lo que podría llevar a un diagnóstico más preciso.

  • ¿Qué desafío económico y político se presenta con el desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial según el discurso?

    -El desafío es cómo manejar la situación en la que la mayoría de los humanos podría volverse 'inútiles' en el mercado laboral debido a que la inteligencia artificial puede desempeñar tareas mejor que ellos.

  • ¿Qué papel ha jugado la revolución industrial en la creación de una nueva clase social y cómo se relaciona esto con el futuro de la inteligencia artificial?

    -La revolución industrial creó una nueva clase de proletariado urbano, y el discurso sugiere que la era de la inteligencia artificial podría crear una clase de humanos 'inútiles', lo que plantea un gran desafío político y económico similar.

  • ¿Qué cuestiones abiertas deja el discurso sobre la conciencia y su relación con la inteligencia artificial?

    -El discurso deja abierta la cuestión de si la conciencia tiene un propósito en el procesamiento de información y cómo podría integrarse en máquinas si se llega a entender su rol y naturaleza.

  • ¿Cuál es la perspectiva del discurso sobre la posibilidad de que los humanos tengan habilidades únicas que la inteligencia artificial no pueda reemplazar?

    -El discurso sugiere que, a partir de la visión científica actual, no hay razones para creer que los humanos tengan habilidades únicas que la inteligencia artificial no pueda eventualmente comprender o superar.

Outlines

00:00

🧠 La gran desacoplación entre inteligencia y conciencia

En este primer párrafo, se discute la revolución que se avecina en el siglo XXI, que implica una separación histórica entre la inteligencia y la conciencia. Se enfatiza la diferencia entre ambas, con la inteligencia asociada a la capacidad de realizar tareas y la conciencia a la experiencia subjetiva de sufrimiento. La charla señala que, a pesar del avance en la inteligencia artificial, no ha habido progreso en la conciencia artificial. La importancia de esta distinción surge cuando se considera la utilidad de la inteligencia en contextos militares, económicos y políticos, donde la conciencia no es necesaria, y se cuestiona el futuro de los seres conscientes en un mundo cada vez más inteligente pero no consciente.

05:01

🤖 El potencial de la inteligencia artificial en la medicina y el ejército

El segundo párrafo explora cómo la inteligencia artificial puede superar las limitaciones de los médicos humanos y los soldados, al tener acceso a una cantidad ilimitada de información y la capacidad de procesarla de manera más eficiente. Se compara el proceso de diagnóstico de una enfermedad por parte de un médico humano con las capacidades de un sistema de inteligencia artificial, que podría tener una precisión y conocimiento mucho mayores. Además, se menciona que, a diferencia de los humanos, la inteligencia artificial puede ser actualizada y corregida de manera colectiva, sin tener que pasar por el proceso de educación y entrenamiento de cada individuo.

10:04

🔧 La superación de las capacidades cognitivas humanas por la IA

Este tercer párrafo profundiza en la posibilidad de que la inteligencia artificial reemplace a los humanos en sus habilidades cognitivas. Se argumenta que, históricamente, los humanos han sido reemplazados en trabajos manuales por máquinas, y ahora podrían ser superados en tareas que requieren habilidades cognitivas por la IA. Se cuestiona si existen habilidades únicas del ser humano que la IA no podrá igualar, y se sugiere que, desde el punto de vista científico, no hay razones para creer que los seres humanos tengan una ventaja insuperable en el ámbito cognitivo.

15:05

🕊️ La conciencia y el futuro de la humanidad en la era de la IA

El último párrafo cuestiona el papel de la conciencia en la vida y su relación con las capacidades de procesamiento de la información. Aunque actualmente no se entiende completamente el origen o el propósito de la conciencia, se sugiere que, si la ciencia logra desentrañar su misterio, es posible que la inteligencia artificial eventualmente supere a los humanos en todos los aspectos relevantes para la sociedad. Se plantea la preocupante perspectiva de un futuro donde los humanos podrían ser considerados 'inútiles', y se compara esta situación con la creación de la clase proletaria durante la Revolución Industrial.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Revolución tecnológica

La revolución tecnológica se refiere a un cambio significativo en la sociedad debido al avance tecnológico. En el video, se argumenta que la revolución actual en inteligencia artificial podría ser la más importante en la historia, destacando su impacto en la vida política, social y económica.

💡Inteligencia artificial

La inteligencia artificial (IA) es el campo de la informática que busca crear máquinas capaces de realizar tareas que normalmente requieren inteligencia humana. El video enfatiza la diferencia entre la IA y la conciencia artificial, y cómo la IA está avanzando sin un progreso paralelo en la conciencia artificial.

💡Conciencia artificial

La conciencia artificial es un concepto que abarca la creación de una experiencia subjetiva en una máquina. Aunque no se menciona extensamente en el video, se contrasta con la IA para destacar que la conciencia no ha avanzado a pesar del desarrollo de la IA.

💡Conciencia

La conciencia se define como la capacidad de experimentar sufrimiento o tener experiencias subjetivas. El video utiliza la conciencia para discutir la diferencia entre seres vivos y máquinas, y cómo la tecnología aún no ha logrado replicar esta cualidad.

💡Desacoplamiento

El desacoplamiento entre inteligencia y conciencia es un tema central del video. Se argumenta que históricamente, estas dos características iban juntas, pero con la IA moderna, la inteligencia está creciendo sin un aumento correspondiente en la conciencia.

💡Economía

El impacto de la IA en la economía es discutido en el video, destacando cómo la IA puede reemplazar a los humanos en ciertos trabajos y cómo esto puede cambiar la dinámica laboral y la estructura económica.

💡Militar

El video menciona que el sector militar ha estado en el frente del desarrollo de tecnología y ha reducido la necesidad de reclutar a masas de personas, ya que la inteligencia artificial y los robots pueden realizar tareas que antes requerían humanos.

💡Médico

El video da un ejemplo de cómo la IA puede potencialmente reemplazar a los médicos en la diagnóstico de enfermedades, utilizando información más extensa y actualizada que lo que un humano podría recordar o procesar.

💡Trabajo

El video explora el tema del desplazamiento de los humanos en el mercado laboral debido al avance de la IA, planteando la pregunta de si los humanos serán capaces de adaptarse y encontrar nuevos trabajos o si la IA los hará obsoletos.

💡Humanidad

La humanidad en el contexto del video se refiere a la condición de los seres humanos en un futuro donde la IA puede superar sus capacidades. Se cuestiona si los humanos seguirán siendo relevantes o si se convertirán en una 'masa inútil' en un mundo dominado por la IA.

💡Algoritmos

Los algoritmos son series de pasos para resolver un problema, y en el video, se argumenta que tanto los organismos vivos como las máquinas son tipos de algoritmos. Esto sugiere que la IA, al ser un tipo de algoritmo electrónico, podría eventualmente igualarse o superar a los algoritmos bioquímicos de los humanos.

Highlights

The coming century may witness the most significant revolution in history and biology, characterized by the 'great decoupling' of intelligence and consciousness.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a hot topic, but artificial consciousness is not discussed as much, despite the two being fundamentally different.

Consciousness is challenging to define but can be understood as the ability to suffer, distinguishing it from mere intelligence.

There has been no progress in artificial consciousness despite advancements in AI, with computers remaining non-conscious.

Historically, intelligence and consciousness evolved together, but we are now seeing a separation in artificial systems.

The importance of intelligence over consciousness is becoming evident in practical applications such as the military and economy.

Armies are becoming less reliant on human soldiers, instead favoring advanced technology and AI for their intelligence.

The civilian economy may follow the military's lead, with AI and robots taking over tasks traditionally done by humans.

AI has the potential to outperform human doctors in diagnosing diseases by processing vast amounts of medical data and history.

The limitations of human doctors, such as time constraints and physical states, can be overcome by AI's consistent data processing.

AI can provide a level of diagnosis and medical advice that is not limited by human cognitive biases or errors.

The potential of AI to replace humans in the job market raises questions about the future usefulness of human labor.

The historical shift from manual to cognitive jobs may be followed by a shift away from human labor altogether as AI advances.

The uniqueness of human abilities is being challenged by the possibility that AI could eventually match or exceed human cognitive functions.

Science suggests that all organisms, including humans, are algorithms, which challenges the idea of inherent human superiority over AI.

The future may see humans becoming 'useless' in the context of work and economic contribution if AI outperforms them in all relevant tasks.

The lack of understanding of consciousness presents a significant challenge to replicating it in AI, despite progress in other areas.

The 21st century may need to address the socio-economic and political implications of a 'useless' human class, similar to historical shifts in labor dynamics.

Transcripts

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okay so in contrast to the previous two

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presentations I'm going to focus indeed

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on more political and social and

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economic questions and not on the

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technical questions and what we are

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about to see in the coming century is

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probably maybe the most important

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revolution not only in history but

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actually in biology also in the history

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of life on Earth we are facing what can

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be called a great decoupling between two

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things that always up till now went

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together that is intelligence and

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consciousness we have a lot of talk

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about artificial intelligence but not

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about artificial consciousness and

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intelligence and consciousness are

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completely different things and what is

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consciousness very difficult to explain

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in words it's our subjective experiences

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to make a long story short consciousness

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means the ability to suffer if you ask

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yourself whether something is conscious

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or not the easiest question to ask is

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can this suffer this computer is very

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intelligent it can do a lot of things

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but it cannot suffer robots can do a lot

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of things but they cannot suffer humans

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suffer animals can suffer they have

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consciousness and when we speak about

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artificial intelligence and the amazing

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development of artificial intelligence

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and computers and robots over the last

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few generations we need to remind

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ourselves that there has been exactly

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zero progress in artificial

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consciousness computers today are not

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even one iota more conscious than they

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were thirty or sixty years ago as far as

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we know they've absolutely zero

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consciousness now the interesting thing

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is

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until today intelligence and

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consciousness always went in

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hand-in-hand in nature the only highly

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intelligent things were also conscious

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things so the question which of the two

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is more important or how they relate to

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one another

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was maybe a pastime for philosophers but

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it had no practical implications

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whatsoever please none that we can think

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about what we are seeing today and we

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will see more and more as the 20th

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century gathers momentum is that

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intelligence is decoupling from

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consciousness and we are learning to

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create highly intelligent things which

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are not conscious at all and then the

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big question comes what is really

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important for the system for the

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military for the state for the economy

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what do they need

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do they need intelligence or

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consciousness and the answer is obvious

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they all need intelligence they don't

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need consciousness armies don't need

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consciousness they need just

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intelligence and then the big question

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comes what to do with conscious human

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beings and conscious animals in a world

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where you have far more intelligent but

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none conscious computers and robots that

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can do most things better than us to

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take two examples from two important

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fields first of all if you look at

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armies today as in many previous cases

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in history armies are leading the way

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they are ahead of the pack they are

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ahead of the civilian economy and in

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armies we see that the human worries in

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the 20th century armies were based

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mainly on the recruitment of masses of

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humans think about the large armies

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millions of people in the armies of that

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of the two world wars today humans at

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least most humans are becoming

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completely useless the armies are

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becoming smaller and smaller

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they still need highly qualified humans

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in certain fields but they rely more and

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more on advanced technology to replace

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humans

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soldiers the same thing we may see

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happening in the civilian economy as

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robots and computers and artificial

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intelligence replaces humans in tasks

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such as driving cars or in tasks such as

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diagnosing diseases if you think what do

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we need from doctors then one of the

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main thing most doctors do is to

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diagnose the disease diagnose your

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disease and offer the best treatment and

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come up with the best treatment the best

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medicine now a human doctor when it

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tries to diagnose your disease relies on

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a few questions he or she is asking you

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say you you woke up feeling bad and you

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go to the clinic and you meet your

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personal physician so the physician will

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ask a few questions he or she may

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remember if they're your personal

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physician for many years they might

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remember a few details about your

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personal medical history

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they might look up in their computer for

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all kinds of previous diseases you may

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have and they they try to correlate this

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information with what your doctor knows

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about different diseases and different

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medicines no human doctor is able to

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remember your entire medical history

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no human doctor has the time especially

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under the constraint of current

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economics no human doctor has the time

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unless you are very rich and there is

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the doctor just for you but the ordinary

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person the doctor usually have maybe

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five minutes maybe 10 minutes to ask you

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questions and to do some initial

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examination no human doctor can be

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familiar with all the diseases in the

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world

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no human good doctor can read every new

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article published in every journal in

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the world about every disease and every

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new drug so there are lots of

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limitations and of course the human

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doctor is sometimes sick he sometimes

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tired he or she may be a hungry or angry

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now if you think about artificial

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intelligence it's potentially can

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overcome all these problems and

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artificial intelligence can in principle

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be familiar with your entire method

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call history with your DNA scan with all

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the blood pressure tests you ever do

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you've ever taken it can be familiar at

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the same time with the medical history

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of all your family members all your

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neighbors all the people in your city

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all the people in the world it can be

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familiar with all the diseases in the

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world can be updated with all the new

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information about every new research

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about every new drug based on such

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abilities it can provide much better

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diagnosis for your disease than any

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human doctor now we of course we are

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still not there we're getting close

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without official intelligence like IBM

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Watson Watson but if you heard about it

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we are not there yet

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there are still many technical obstacles

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but what we need to remind ourselves is

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that we need to overcome these technical

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obstacles only one incase of a human

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doctor if you want to train a new doctor

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you need to start to start from scratch

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they learn many they go to medical

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school for 10 years or 12 years and have

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all kinds of further training and in the

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end you get just one doctor in the case

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of artificial intelligence even if it

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costs a hundred billion dollar to solve

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the current technical problem that still

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prevent artificial intelligence from

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replacing your doctor you just need to

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solve it once and you get an infinite

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number of doctors because the same

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solution will apply to all cases so we

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see that the potential of artificial

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intelligence in in many fields is to

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replace or to outperform and to replace

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human beings in the job market and the

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big economic and political question this

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raises which we go to the 20th century

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is whether humans or at least most

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humans will become useless the usual

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answer is that we've been here before

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also a hundred years ago people were

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afraid that industrialization and

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mechanization will push humans out of

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the job market and indeed

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jobs that were performed by humans a

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hundred or two hundred years ago in

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agricultural industry out today

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performed by robots and by computers but

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it doesn't mean that humans are now

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useless because humans just move to new

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jobs especially in the services sectors

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a jobs that require less manual

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abilities physical abilities and more

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cognitive abilities the really big

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question is not whether there will be

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new jobs in the 21st century obviously

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there will be new jobs the question is

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whether humans will be able to perform

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the new jobs better than computers than

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artificial intelligence and here the

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answer is not so obvious it's not

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obvious that we will always find

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something that humans human intelligence

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can do better than artificial

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intelligence basically humans have just

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two kinds of capabilities we know about

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they have physical abilities and they

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have cognitive abilities what happened

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in the Industrial Revolution in the 19th

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and 20th century is that robots and

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machines replace outperformed humans in

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physical abilities and replace them in

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that field and then most humans moved at

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least in advanced economies they moved

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to work in jobs that require more

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cognitive abilities

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now when artificial intelligence might

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outperform humans in cognitive abilities

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we don't know of any third field of

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ability that humans have and that will

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enable them to find new jobs that

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computers and artificial intelligence

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cannot take from them very often in

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science fiction movies when humans

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compete against the robot or against the

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computers and the computers seem

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invincible but then in the final

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climatic scene of a science fiction

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movie

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the humans almost always prevail because

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it turns out that the humans have

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something that the computer cannot even

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stand usually it's love or something

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like that but this is completely

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divorced from what science is now

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telling us about human beings in and

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about human biology as far as at least

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scientists concerned if we put science

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fiction aside and if we put mythology

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else' aside there is nothing that

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science knows about human beings that

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will forever remain beyond in principle

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beyond the reach of artificial

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intelligence of computer algorithms

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because what science is telling us about

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human beings about human biology the

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great discovery of by of the biological

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sciences over the last hundred and fifty

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years since Darwin you can summarize the

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whole of biology perhaps since Darwin in

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three words organisms are algorithms the

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every organism including Homo sapiens is

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simply a collection of biochemical

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algorithms shaped by natural selection

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to maximize chances of survival and

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reproduction we are now learning to

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develop better and better

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electronic algorithms and so we see the

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the merger of the biological view of

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existence of life with the mechanical

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view of existence and of life and if

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indeed organisms are simply a collection

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of algorithms there is no reason why

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there must be something that a

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biochemical the biological organism that

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bio biochemical algorithm can do and

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that an electronic algorithm will never

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be able to understand to decipher and to

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outperform we are still quite far away

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from there it will take several decades

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if not several centuries but the writing

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is already on the wall the question is

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already staring us in the face the big

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question of what will we do with all the

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useless humans if and when electronic

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algorithms even when robots and

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computers with

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artificial intelligence will indeed be

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able to outperform humans in all the

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tasks which are relevant to the

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political and economic and military

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system now there is a huge question mark

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hanging over this entire discussion

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which is the issue with which I began

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this talk with and this is the issue of

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consciousness at present we don't have

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any algorithmic or biological

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explanation for consciousness we don't

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understand what might be the role of

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consciousness in the in the data

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processing of information and this is

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why we can't implant consciousness so

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far into computers or into robots it's

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the one big hole in our understanding of

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life the current scientific dogma says

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that consciousness is some product or

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by-product of biochemical and by an

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electrochemical algorithms in the brain

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but at present this is just a dogma

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nobody can show how the firing of

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millions of neurons in the brain can

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actually create subjective experiences

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of love or hate or anger or boredom and

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more than that nobody really has an

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explanation of what could be the use of

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having such subjective experiences for

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the survival and reproduction of a of

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organisms but if the scientific dogma of

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today is correct and eventually in 20

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years or 50 years we will find the

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explanation also for this riddle of

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consciousness then it seems quite likely

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that humans as we know them will in the

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longer or shorter term will be

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completely outperformed by artificial

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intelligence in which case again the big

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question the big economic and political

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question of the 21st century with which

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I will end this this talk is what to do

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with all the useless humans just as in

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the 19th century the Industrial

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Revolution

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created a massive new class of the urban

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proletariat and much of the politics of

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the 19th and 20th century evolve around

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the question what to do with this

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massive new class of the urban

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proletariat so in the 21st century again

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you will see the creation of a massive

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new class of millions of useless humans

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and the big political and economic

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question will be what to do with these

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useless masses thank you very much

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