Masa Pemerintahan Daendels dan Raffles di Indonesia
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses the governance of Daendels and Raffles in Indonesia. Daendels, known for his cruelty, served as the 36th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1808 to 1811, implementing military rule and economic policies like the road construction from Anyer to Panarukan. Raffles, who governed post-1811 based on the Treaty of Tuntang, introduced land rent, abolished slavery, and promoted free trade. Both leaders significantly impacted the region's administration, economy, and society, with Raffles also contributing to cultural advancements like the rediscovery of Borobudur.
Takeaways
- đ Herman William Daendels was the 36th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, ruling from 1808 to 1811.
- đ° Daendels was appointed by Louis Napoleon, who established the Batavian Republic and later instructed Daendels to maintain Java against British attacks and reorganize its administration.
- đ ïž Daendels introduced political reforms, changing traditional governance systems to a more modern and centralized form by dividing the region into nine prefectures led by Dutch residents.
- đ€ïž Economic policies included the construction of the Anyer-Panarukan road for postal services, troop movement, and transporting production goods.
- đ° To combat corruption, Daendels increased civil servant salaries and continued economic policies from the VOC, such as compulsory delivery and the cultivation of coffee in Priangan.
- đ« Social policies by Daendels involved corruption eradication, forced labor for road construction, and the prohibition of tributes to kings, which started to erode royal power.
- đĄïž Militarily, Daendels focused on defending Java by establishing weapon factories in Surabaya and Semarang, naval bases, and increasing Indonesian troops.
- đ€ Resistance to Daendels occurred in Sumedang led by Prince Email, and conflicts with the Sultan of Banten resulted in the elimination of the Banten kingdom.
- đ Daendels' divide and rule tactics with Mataram Sultanate led to the dismissal and replacement of Sultan Hamengkubuwono II.
- đ Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles, known for establishing Singapore, governed the Dutch East Indies based on the Treaty of Tuntang in 1811, representing British rule until 1815.
- đïž Raffles implemented administrative reforms by dividing Java into 16 residencies, reducing the power of local kings, and abolishing slavery, promoting free trade and land rent systems.
Q & A
Who was Herman William Daendels and what was his role in the Dutch East Indies?
-Herman William Daendels, also known as 'Marsekal Guntur' or 'Jendral Mas' due to his cruelty, was the 36th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, ruling from 1808 to 1811. His main task was to defend Java from British attacks and reorganize the administration on the island.
What significant changes did Daendels implement in the political system of the Dutch East Indies?
-Daendels transformed the traditional political system into a modern one, implemented a centralized military dictatorship, divided the region into nine prefectures led by Dutch residents, appointed regents without consultation with the kings, and abolished the kingdoms of Banten and Cirebon.
What were Daendels' economic policies during his administration?
-Daendels focused on building infrastructure, such as the road from Anyer to Panarukan, initially for postal services but later used for troop movement and transporting production results. He also raised the salaries of employees to reduce corruption and continued the economic policies of the VOC, including the mandatory delivery system and the cultivation of coffee in the Priangan region.
How did Daendels' social policies impact the people of the Dutch East Indies?
-Daendels fought corruption, enforced forced labor for the construction of the Anyer to Panarukan road, banned tributes to kings, and implemented a European model legal system. He also introduced mobile courts and the death penalty.
What military measures did Daendels take to defend Java?
-To defend Java, Daendels built weapon factories in Surabaya and Semarang, established a naval base in Anyer and Ujung Kulon, built defensive forts, and increased the number of Indonesian troops.
Who were the main opponents of Daendels' policies in the Dutch East Indies?
-The main opponents of Daendels included Prince Diponegoro in Sumedang, who led a resistance, and Sultan Banten, whose conflict with Daendels resulted in the abolition of the Banten kingdom.
Who was Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles and what was his role after the Dutch East Indies came under British control?
-Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles was appointed as the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies representing the British government after the region became a British territory following the Treaty of Paris in 1814.
What administrative changes did Raffles make in the Dutch East Indies?
-Raffles divided Java into 16 residencies, made the bupati (district heads) state officials, and subdued several kings who opposed the British government.
What were Raffles' economic policies in the Dutch East Indies?
-Raffles implemented land rent, a monopoly on salt, and free trade with the abolition of compulsory product delivery. He also placed villages as administrative units of colonial rule.
How did Raffles' social policies differ from Daendels'?
-Unlike Daendels, who used forced labor, Raffles abolished slavery and treated the people as workers. He also conducted extensive research and authored the 'History of Java'.
What are some of the lasting legacies of Raffles in Indonesia?
-Raffles' legacies include the 'History of Java', support for John Kenwood's research resulting in 'History of the Indian Archipelago', the establishment of the Bataviaasch Genootschap (a cultural and scientific society), the rediscovery of the Rafflesia arnoldi flower, the development of the Bogor Botanical Gardens, and the rediscovery of the Borobudur Temple.
What were the key differences between Daendels' and Raffles' policies in the Dutch East Indies?
-Daendels divided the region into nine prefectures and implemented trade monopolies, while Raffles divided it into 16 residencies and promoted free trade. Daendels used forced labor in plantations, whereas Raffles treated the people as workers. Daendels sold land to private parties, while Raffles implemented a land lease system. The role of the bupati was extended as government representatives under Daendels, but reduced under Raffles, where villages became the units of administrative governance.
Outlines
đïž Governance of Daendels and Raffles in Indonesia
This paragraph discusses the governance of Herman Willem Daendels and Thomas Stamford Raffles in Indonesia. Daendels, known for his cruelty, was the 36th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1808 to 1811, during the French occupation of the Netherlands by Napoleon. His main tasks were to defend Java from British attacks and reorganize the administration. He introduced policies such as changing the traditional political system to a modern one, implementing a centralized military government, and building infrastructure like the Anyer-Panarukan road. Economically, he continued VOC's policies, including the forced delivery system and selling land to private entrepreneurs. Socially, he fought corruption, enforced forced labor for road construction, and applied European law systems. Militarily, he built defense facilities and increased the Indonesian troops. Daendels faced resistance, notably from Sumedang led by Pangeran Diponegoro and conflicts with the Sultan of Banten, leading to the latter's removal. Raffles, who governed based on the 1811 capitulation, was appointed as the British representative and later established Singapore. His policies included dividing Java into 16 residencies, making bupati as state officials, and implementing land rent and salt monopoly. He also promoted free trade, abolished forced delivery of produce, and conducted social reforms like ending slavery and conducting extensive research, resulting in works like 'History Of Java'.
đ Raffles' Legacy and Policy Differences
The second paragraph focuses on the legacy of Raffles in Indonesia and the differences between his and Daendels' policies. Raffles is known for his contributions such as the book 'History Of Java', supporting the research for 'History of the Indian Archipelago', establishing the Bataviaasch Genootschap for culture and science, and discovering the Rafflesia arnoldi flower. He also initiated the Bogor Botanical Gardens and rediscovered the Borobudur temple. The policy differences between Daendels and Raffles include the administrative division, with Daendels creating 9 prefectures and Raffles 16 residencies. While Daendels applied trade monopolies, Raffles promoted free trade. Daendels used the population as plantation slaves, whereas Raffles treated them as workers. Daendels sold land to private parties, but Raffles implemented a land lease system. The role of the bupati was diminished under Raffles, and the village became the unit of administration. The paragraph concludes by summarizing the impact of both figures on Indonesian governance, hoping the information is beneficial.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄHerman Willem Daendels
đĄThomas Stamford Raffles
đĄGreat Post Road (Jalan Anyer-Panarukan)
đĄLand Rent System (Landrent)
đĄMonopoly
đĄForced Labor (Kerja Rodi)
đĄCultural and Historical Contributions
đĄPrefectures and Residencies
đĄDivide and Rule (Devide et Impera)
đĄNapoleon Bonaparte
Highlights
Introduction to the governance of Daendels and Raffles in Indonesia.
Herman Willem Daendels, known as the 'Thunder Marshal,' was the 36th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1808 to 1811.
Daendels was appointed by Napoleon Bonaparte's brother, Louis Napoleon, to defend Java from British attacks and reform the island's administration.
Daendels modernized traditional governance, implemented a centralized military government, and divided Java into 9 prefectures led by Dutch residents.
Key economic policies of Daendels included the construction of the Anyer-Panarukan road, continuation of VOC's economic practices, and land sales to private entrepreneurs.
Daendels enforced strict anti-corruption measures, introduced forced labor (corvée) for infrastructure projects, and European-style legal systems.
Daendels faced resistance from local rulers, including in Sumedang, Banten, and Mataram, which he dealt with through divide and rule strategies.
Thomas Stamford Raffles became the British Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies after the 1811 Tuntang Capitulation, following Daendels' tenure.
Raffles divided Java into 16 residencies, converted regents into civil servants, and subdued local rulers opposing British rule.
Raffles introduced the land rent system (landrent), implemented a salt monopoly, and encouraged free trade by abolishing compulsory crop deliveries.
Raffles' social policies included the abolition of slavery and promoting research, leading to the publication of the 'History of Java'.
Raffles significantly reduced royal power, and during his tenure, Yogyakarta was divided into two entities: Yogyakarta and Pakualaman.
Raffles contributed to cultural and scientific endeavors, including the founding of the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences and rediscovery of Borobudur.
Comparison between Daendels and Raffles: Daendels focused on centralized control and monopolies, while Raffles promoted free trade and land rent systems.
Conclusion: Overview of the distinct governance approaches of Daendels and Raffles and their impacts on Java.
Transcripts
Hai assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh Salam merdeka untuk kita
semua pada video kali ini kita akan
membahas mengenai masa pemerintahan
Daendels dan Raffles di Indonesia materi
ini bisa kalian dapatkan ketika kalian
hidup bebas 8 untuk mata pelajaran IPS
dan juga untuk kelas 11 untuk mata
pelajaran sejarah Mari langsung saja
kita bahas materi secara ringkas lugas
dan semoga jelas yang pertama kita Bah
sudah masa pemerintahan Daendels di
Hindia Belanda ini merupakan Daendels
Nama lengkapnya adalah Herman William
Daendels atau sering disebut sebagai
sang Marsekal Guntur atau Jendral Mas
galak karena kekejamannya Daendels
merupakan Gubernur Jenderal Hindia
Belanda ke-36 yang memerintah antara
tahun 1808 sampai 1811 ha Belanda pada
saat itu diduduki oleh Perancis Napoleon
Bonaparte pemimpin Perancis kemudian
menunjuk adiknya yakni Louis Bonaparte
untuk mendirikan Republik Bataaf di
ya Louis Napoleon kemudian memerintahkan
Daendels untuk menjadi gubernur jendral
di Hindia Belanda Adapun tugas utama
dari Herman William Daendels yakni
mempertahankan pulau Jawa dari serangan
Inggris serta membenahi administrasi di
Pulau Jawa Adapun kebijakan-kebijakan
Daendels di Hindia Belanda antara lain
dalam bidang politik Mengubah sistem
pemerintahan tradisional menjadi modern
kemudian dan keras menjalankan
pemerintahan militer stick yang
sentralistis membagi wilayah menjadi 9
prefektur yang dipimpin oleh seorang
residen dari orang Belanda kemudian
menunjuk para bupati tanpa konsultasi
kepada raja kemudian menghapus Kerajaan
Banten dan Cirebon Adapun bidang ekonomi
salah satunya adalah membangun jalan
dari Anyer Panarukan awalnya ini untuk
memperlancar pos kemudian nanti
digunakan untuk memindahkan pasukan dan
juga mengangkut hasil-hasil produksi
kemudian menaikkan gaji pegawai ini
tujuannya adalah agar tidak
jadi korupsi kemudian melanjutkan
kebijakannya kebijakan ekonomi yang
telah diterapkan oleh VOC Misalnya saja
adalah penyerahan wajib kemudian tetap
melaksanakan prianger stelsel yaitu
penanaman kopi di daerah Priangan serta
menjual tanah ke pengusaha swasta
selanjutnya kebijakan Daendels dalam
bidang sosial yakni melakukan
pemberantasan korupsi melaksanakan kerja
rodi atau kerja paksa dalam membangun
Jalan Anyer sampai Panarukan kemudian
melarang untuk memberikan upeti kepada
raja mulai mengikis kekuasaan raja
diterapkannya sistem hukum model Eropa
kemudian memperlakukan pengadilan
keliling serta menerapkan hukuman mati
dalam bidang militer dalam rangka
mempertahankan pulau Jawa antara lain
membangun pabrik senjata di Surabaya dan
Semarang membangun pangkalan armada laut
di Anyer dan Ujung Kulon membangun
benteng pertahanan menambah pasukan dari
orang Indonesia Adapun perlawanan
terhadap Daendels ini terdapat di
Sumedang yang dipimpin oleh pangeran
email atau Pangeran kusumadinata
selanjutnya adalah pertentangan dengan
Sultan Banten yang mengakibatkan Banten
kemudian dihapus tentangan dengan
Kesultanan Mataram dengan menggunakan
politik devide at impera atau domba
antara Sultan Hamengkubuwono berdua yang
dipecat kemudian digantikan oleh Sultan
sepuh nah pada bulan Mei 1811 kedudukan
Daendels digantikan oleh William Johnson
ada pohon faktornya karena Daendels
menjual tanah kepada pihak swasta
memerintah dengan sangat kejam Ditarik
untuk menjadi Panglima defran
pertempuran lainnya selanjutnya adalah
masa Pemerintah Raffles di Hindia
Belanda Nama lengkapnya adalah Thomas
Stamford bingley Raffles ini memerintah
Indonesia berdasarkan Kapitulasi Tuntang
tanggal 18 September 1811 yang mana
wilayah hindia-belanda menjadi daerah
kekuasaan Inggris kemudian Raffles
diangkat menjadi gubernur jenderal
Hindia Belanda mewakili pemerintah
Inggris pada tahun 1815 wapres
Hai dan digantikan oleh John fendall
setelah tidak menjabat sebagai gubernur
Hindia Belanda Raffles pernah menjabat
menjadi gubernur jendral di Bengkulu dan
akhirnya Raffles mendirikan Kota
Singapura selanjutnya kebijakan Raffles
di Indonesia dalam bidang pemerintahan
Misalnya saja membagi pulau Jawa menjadi
16 karesidenan kemudian bupati dijadikan
sebagai pegawai negeri kemudian
menaklukkan beberapa raja yang menentang
pemerintah Inggris kebijakan Raffles
dalam bidang ekonomi yakni menerapkan
sewa tanah atau landrent ini dengan
anggapan bahwa tanah merupakan milik
negara kemudian melakukan monopoli garam
meletakkan desa sebagai unit
administrasi penjajahan dilakukan
perdagangan bebas dengan penghapusan
penyerahan wajib hasil bumi adapun dalam
bidang sosial menghapus perbudakan
melakukan banyak penelitian membuat buku
History Of Java seperti halnya dendeles
Raffles juga mengurangi kekuasaan raja
Kemudian pada masa Raffles Kesultanan
Yogyakarta dibagi menjadi dua yakni
Yogyakarta dan pakualaman Adapun
peninggalan Raffles di Indonesia antara
lain buku History Of Java kemudian
memberikan bantuan kepada John Kenwood
untuk mengadakan penelitian yang
menghasilkan sebuah buku berjudul
History of the Indian Archipelago
Raffles juga mendukung untuk pendirian
bataviaasch genootschap sebuah
perkumpulan kebudayaan dan ilmu
pengetahuan kemudian juga menemukan
bunga raflesia arnoldi kemudian dirintis
Kebun Raya Bogor serta penemuan kembali
Candi Borobudur di sini terdapat
perbedaan kebijakan Daendels dengan
Raffles antara lain yang pertama kalau
denles tadi membagi wilayah menjadi 9
prefektur kalau Raffles itu menjadi 16
karesidenan sama sebenarnya karisidenan
dengan prefektur kemudian Daendels
menerapkan monopoli perdagangan
sedangkan Raffles menerapkan konsep
perdagangan bebas kemudian dan gelas
rakyat dijadikan sebagai budak pada
perkebunan sedangkan Raffles rakyat
dijadikan sebagai pekerja pada
kegunaan Daendels menjual tanah kepada
pihak swasta sedangkan Raffles
menerapkan sistem sewa tanah disini
peran bupati menjadi kepanjangan tangan
pemerintah sedangkan disini peran bupati
diperkecil Desa menjadi unit
administrasi pemerintahan demikianlah
materi mengenai pemerintahan Daendels
dan Raffles di Indonesia semoga
bermanfaat mohon maaf apabila ada
kekurangan wassalamu'alaikum
warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
Voir Plus de Vidéos Connexes
KEKUASAAN INGGRIS DI INDONESIA - Sejarah Indonesia | Video Pembelajaran
Masa Pemerintahan Daendels (1808 - 1811) Di Indonesia || Materi Sejarah Lengkap
MASA PEMERINTAHAN GUBERNUR JENDERAL HERMAN WILLEM DAENDELS
KEKUASAAN REPUBLIK BATAAF DI INDONESIA | Sejarah Indonesia Kelas 11 - Video Pembelajaran
Kolonialisme Inggris di Indonesia 1811-1816 [Thomas Stamford Raffles]
SEJARAH MASA PENJAJAHAN BELANDA DI INDONESIA
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)