🥇 HUESO OCCIPITAL, Anatomía. Fácil, Rápido y Sencillo
Summary
TLDREn este video de anatomía, el Dr. Juan José Sánchez nos guía a través de la anatomía del hueso occipital. Explica que el cráneo está compuesto por ocho huesos, incluyendo el occipital, que es una parte crucial tanto de la base del cráneo como de su cara posterior. Detalla las características del foramen magnum, la protuberancia occipital externa, y las condyles occipitales, que son esenciales para la unión con la columna vertebral. Además, menciona la importancia de las superficies y crestas internas y externas del hueso, así como los forámenes y fóseos asociados, para comprender mejor la función y la posición del occipital en el cráneo.
Takeaways
- 👨⚕️ El video es una lección anatómica sobre el hueso occipital impartida por el Dr. Juan José Sánchez.
- 🦴 El hueso occipital es uno de los ocho huesos que componen el cráneo y está ubicado en la parte posterior.
- 🔍 Se estudian dos caras del hueso occipital: la cara posteroinferior y la cara anterosuperior, cada una con sus propias características anatómicas.
- 🕳️ El forámen occipital, también conocido como forámen magnum, es una apertura clave a través de la cual el tronco encefálico se convierte en la médula espinal.
- 📏 La medida del forámen magnum varía entre 3 y 3.5 centímetros de ancho y es esencial para el paso del nervio accesorio y las arterias vertebrales.
- 🏔️ La protuberancia occipital externa es el punto óseo más prominente del hueso occipital y es donde se inserta el ligamento nucal.
- 🦴 Las condyles occipitales son protuberancias que se articulan con la primera vértebral cervical (atlas) y soportan el peso del cráneo hacia la columna vertebral.
- 🗝️ Los forámenes condilares anteriores y posteriores son pasajes importantes para el nervio hipogloso y algunas vasos sanguíneos menores.
- 🧠 La cara endocraneana del hueso occipital es la que se enfrenta al cráneo y contiene estructuras como el canal de la medula oblongata y el cresta occipital interna.
- 🏞️ Las fosaes occipitales superior e inferior son áreas que albergan partes del cerebro y el cerebelo, respectivamente, y están relacionadas con los senos venosos.
- 📐 Los ángulos y bordes del hueso occipital tienen nombres específicos y funciones, como el ángulo superior (lambda) y el ángulo inferior, que se encuentra en la porción basioccipital.
Q & A
¿Qué es el hueso occipital y cómo se relaciona con la base del cráneo y la cara posterior del cráneo?
-El hueso occipital es una de las cuatro piezas singulares del cráneo que se encuentran en la línea media y forma parte tanto de la base del cráneo como de la cara posterior del mismo.
¿Cuál es el significado del término 'occipital' y cómo se relaciona con la anatomía humana?
-El término 'occipital' proviene de las palabras 'occiput', que significa cabeza, y 'capitis', que hace referencia a la parte posterior. Es el área que se encuentra al final de la cabeza, específicamente la región nucal.
¿Cuál es la importancia del forámen occipital o forámen magnum en la anatomía?
-El forámen occipital es crucial porque es a través de él que el bulbo raquídeo se convierte en la médula espinal, y es el punto por donde pasa la arteria vertebral y el nervio espinal accesorio.
¿Qué estructuras se encuentran en la porción basilar del hueso occipital y cuál es su importancia?
-En la porción basilar del hueso occipital se encuentran la protuberancia occipital externa, la cresta occipital externa y el tuberculo faríngeo, que son importantes para la inserción de músculos y ligamentos, y marcan el inicio del cuello desde la parte posterior.
¿Qué son las condYLES occipitales y qué función cumplen?
-Las condYLES occipitales son protuberancias que se encajan en las ramas laterales del atlas (C1) y son el punto de articulación por donde se distribuye el peso del cráneo hacia la columna vertebral.
¿Cuál es la función del forámen precondilar o hipoglossal?
-El forámen precondilar, también conocido como canal hipoglossal, es importante porque es el paso por donde el nervio hipoglossal y algunas vasos secundarios se dirigen hacia el cuerpo.
¿Qué se encuentra en la cara anterosuperior del hueso occipital y cómo se relaciona con la cavidad craneal?
-En la cara anterosuperior del hueso occipital se encuentra la protuberancia interna occipital, la cresta interna occipital y los surcos para los senos venosos, que son relevantes para el soporte y drenaje sanguíneo del cerebro y el cerebelo.
¿Qué es el sulco del seno de sigmoide y cómo se relaciona con el seno transverso?
-El sulco del seno de sigmoide es la continuación del seno transverso y es donde el seno seno transverso se convierte en la vena yugular interna.
¿Cuáles son las ángulos y bordes del hueso occipital y cuál es su importancia en la anatomía craneal?
-El hueso occipital tiene bordes superiores (parietales), inferiores (temporales), ángulos superiores (lambda) e inferiores, y ángulos laterales, que son importantes para la articulación con otros huesos del cráneo y la medición craneal en la medicina.
¿Qué es la craniosinostosis y cómo se relaciona con el hueso occipital?
-La craniosinostosis es el proceso por el cual los huesos del cráneo se fusionan antes de que el niño alcance la edad adulta. El hueso occipital se fusiona con el cuerpo del esfenoide formando una de estas uniones tempranas.
Outlines
😀 Introducción a la Anatomía del Hueso Occipital
El doctor Juan José Sánchez presenta un nuevo video sobre la anatomía del hueso occipital, aprovechando el tiempo de cuarentena para revisar temas médicos importantes. Describe la estructura ósea del cráneo, destacando los ocho huesos que lo componen, incluyendo los huesos parietales y temporales, y los cuatro huesos impares en la línea media, entre ellos el hueso occipital. El nombre 'occipital' se refiere a su ubicación en la parte posterior del cráneo, relacionada con la base de la cabeza o área nucal.
🔍 Características y Estructuras del Hueso Occipital
El doctor Sánchez detalla las dos caras anatómicas del hueso occipital: la cara posterior inferior y la cara anterior superior. Explica la importancia del forámen magnum o occipital, a través del cual pasa la médula espinal y varios nervios importantes. Describe las divisiones didácticas de la superficie posterior inferior, incluyendo el forámen magnum, la porción basilar con el tuberculo faríngeo, y la porción escamosa con el protuberancia occipital externa y las crestas occipitales internas y externas. También menciona las condyles occipitales, que son cruciales para el soporte y articulación con la columna vertebral.
🏥 Anatomía del Hueso Occipital: Vistas Endocraneana y Periférica
El video continua con una descripción de la cara endocraneana del hueso occipital, donde se encuentran estructuras como el canal basilar y el protuberancia y cresta occipitales internas, así como el falx cerebelli y los senos venosos. Se discuten las fosaes superior e inferior occipitales y su relación con las partes del cerebro y cerebelo. El doctor Sánchez también examina las esquinas y bordes del hueso, incluyendo el ángulo superior lambda, el ángulo inferior y los bordes temporales y parietales, con énfasis en su importancia para la articulación con otros huesos del cráneo y su relevancia en la medición craneal en la medicina.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Hueso occipital
💡Foramen magnum
💡Proceso condilare
💡Cráneo
💡Crestas y protuberancias
💡Tubo faríngeo
💡Sinus longitudinal superior
💡Nervio hipogloso
💡Senos transversales
💡Fosa condilar anterior
💡Craniosinostosis
Highlights
El Dr. Juan José Sánchez presenta un nuevo video sobre anatomía del hueso occipital.
El video se grabó durante la cuarentena por la pandemia, lo que permite repasar temas médicos importantes.
El cráneo está compuesto por ocho huesos, incluyendo dos pares y cuatro huesos impares.
El hueso occipital es uno de los cuatro huesos impares y se encuentra en la línea media del cráneo.
El nombre 'occipital' proviene de la palabra 'caput', que significa cabeza, y se refiere a la parte final de la cabeza.
El hueso occipital tiene dos caras anatómicas: una posteroinferior y otra anterosuperior.
La superficie posteroinferior se divide en tres porciones: el forámen occipital, la porción basilar y la porción escamosa.
El forámen magnum es un punto crucial donde la médula oblongada se convierte en la médula espinal.
La porción escamosa del hueso occipital es delgada y se asemeja a las escamas de un pez.
El protuberancia externa occipital es el punto óseo más prominente del hueso occipital.
Las condYLES occipitales son importantes para la articulación con la primera vértebral cervical y la distribución del peso del cráneo.
El forámen precondiliano o hipoglossal es un conducto neurológico crucial para el nervio XII.
La cara anterosuperior del hueso occipital incluye la protuberancia interna occipital y el cresta interna occipital.
El sínculo cerebeloso se inserta en la cresta interna occipital y separa el cerebelo del lóbulo occipital del cerebro.
La superficie endocraneana del hueso occipital presenta sulcos para los senos venosos, incluyendo el sínculo longitudinal superior y los senos laterales.
El borde del hueso occipital tiene ángulos y bordes que se articulan con huesos adyacentes como el parietal y temporal.
El ángulo inferior del hueso occipital es donde se fusiona con el cuerpo del esfenoide en la infancia y luego se cierra en la edad adulta.
El proceso yugular y la noticia yugular son importantes para formar el límite posterior del forámen lacerado posteriro.
El Dr. Sánchez invita a sus espectadores a suscribirse y seguirlo en Instagram para más contenido médico.
Transcripts
Hello, how are you? welcome to a new easy anatomy video by juan josé sánchez this
is doctor juan josé sánchez and today well we will talk about the anatomy of the occipital bone,
I had a long time without uploading a video, right now I am the same as everyone in quarantine,
that mandatory quarantine of life, this very important historical moment that arrived in the world
of this global pandemic and well it is an appropriate time I would say to review some
medical topics, to suddenly study with these anatomy videos and thus advance content
or post content that you do not They had. So following the sequence of the bones of the skull,
this skull is composed, as I told you in the previous videos, of eight bones,
two of them are paired bones, which are the lateral bones, we then talk about the parietal and
temporal bones, which you can look for in my channel so you can see what each of those bones is like and
we find four odd bones that together with the two pairs are going to make up the eight bones,
those four odd bones are all in the midline, we first find the
frontal bone - which I invite you Let's watch the video that is on my channel - behind the frontal we find the
sphenoid and behind the sphenoid the occipital, to see the fourth bone we would need to make
a cut in the midline, a sagittal cut and we would then see the frontal,
again the sphenoid, the occipital and see this yellow that is seen here which would then be
the ethmoid bone, you can also see it in my channel, quickly passing to the occipital bone
the name occipital or the word occipital well if it is composed of the word capital which
basically means head and the occipital means Well, a confrontation, that is, it is the area
that remains at the end of my head, it is the nuchal area, which is why it is called the
occipital bone. We are going to study two faces anatomically, although a bone that is
at the base of the skull has a posterior part and a basal part, which is why it is said
to be part of both the base of the skull and the posterior face. of the skull, then the two
faces we are going to join 2 anatomical points to form each face, then we would have the postero-
inferior faces, which would be this one that I am pointing out in yellow, each one with
specific anatomical objections and a face that would then be the antero-superior face. ; We are going to start first by talking
about the anatomical repairs that are found on the posterior inferior surface, this is an
inferior view so that they can be located, this would be anterior, this would be posterior and this would be lateral,
so we are going to divide this postero inferior surface didactically into three portions:
let's talk first about the area that is located in the center, which is the occipital foramen, this
occipital foramen in many books is called foramen magnum, it is the same, this occipital foramen
is important because it is located right at the level of what They are the temporal mastoid processes,
they measure from 3 centimeters to 3.5 centimeters wide and are important because there the medulla oblongata
stops being the medulla oblongata, it descends from the posterior cranial fossa and becomes the
spinal cord, also there the artery takes advantage of and ascends. vertebral and also ascend the
eleventh cranial nerve, that is, the spinal nerve also called the accessory nerve; then it is the
extension of the central nervous system that passes through that occipital foramen and from
there is called the spinal cord, so we are going to talk about it, taking as a
reference point this occipital foramen of three areas of the occipital bone: one that is ahead of me
of that posterior inferior surface which would be the bacillary portion of the occipital, in that bacillary portion of the
occipital in this inferior surface specifically in the part that is at the base of the skull
we find the pharyngeal tubercle, an important structure because they say the pharyngeal aponeurosis is inserted
and part of the constrictor muscles of the pharynx then it is said that from the
pharyngeal tubercle onwards is the neck and from there to the back the pharynx ends and the
neck muscles begin, now these are the structures that are in front of the occipital foramen ,
then we talk about the structures that are behind the foramen occipital
and it is the largest portion of the occipital, which is the scaly portion of the occipital, it is a
very thin portion, it looks like the scale of a fish, that is why it is given that name. It is very thin,
that scaly portion of the occipital begins with the occipital protuberance external that mounts or
that marks the most prominent bony point of the occipital bone on the external part, that
metric cranial point is also called INION, from that external occipital protuberance comes
anterior, remember that this is anterior, the external occipital crest both in the protuberance as
in the ridges, what is the nuchal ligament, also called
posterior cervical aponeurosis, is inserted. Now, since there is an external name, it is possible to think that there is an
internal occipital crest and if it exists, there must be an internal occipital protuberance that we are going to see
on the antero-superior face, which I am going to explain to you later, on the endocranial face. It is the
exocranial face, from that external occipital crest of that external capital protuberance
, sorry, there are two ridges with anterior concavity, remember that this would then be anterior, which
would be on the upper curved line of the occipital, this one that you see on each side where they are inserted several
muscles of the nape of the neck and some of the neck and this one that is a little lower would be the crest,
sorry, the lower curved line of the occipital; In some people there is a curved line that would be
the accessory nuchal line above the upper curved line of the occipital bone,
it is also for the insertion of some neck muscles or for the insertion of the skull itself, so
those are the structures that are They are located behind the foramen occipital. Now we will talk
about structures that are lateral to them, specifically we will talk about the
occipital condyles, which is a protuberance that fits into what are the lateral branches of the atlas, that
is, the c1 vertebra and that is where the joint is formed or It is where the weight of the skull of
the entire head is distributed towards the spine thanks to these occipital condyles, which
transmit the weight towards the spine. Anteromedially in front of that
occipital condyle we find a fossa that would be the anterior condylar fossa and a hole that is the
anterior condylar foramen, this anterior condylar foramen is also called the precondylar foramen
or hypoglossal canal, important because it passes through there in addition to The twelfth cranial nerve passes through some unimportant vessels
, that is, the hypoglossal nerve passes through there, and in the posterior part
we also find the fossa and the posterior condylar foramen, and well,
some vessels and nerves that are not of such importance also pass through there. How could the
precondylar foramen be, seeing this view from the base of the skull, there we will then find the
bacillary portion, the occipital condyles and towards the back the entire squamous portion, here we can
see the posterior condylar foramen and we see how this The little wire that we are moving from medial to
lateral shows the precondylar or anterior condylar foramen, you already know that everything is big hole that
is here is the foramen magnum, the largest hole that you see at the base of the skull,
this is an inferior view specifically of the skull, this would be the
external occipital protuberance and there is the external occipital crest. Let's now quickly move on to the previous part
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I invite you to subscribe here in the lower right corner click [Music]
and don't forget to like the video. superior, which is the endocranial face, the face that looks towards the cranium,
specifically towards the posterior cranial fossa, also towards the anterior part, which was the
bacillary portion of the occipital, we find the bacillary canal, where the medulla oblongata or medulla oblongata rests
as it was called by anatomists. and the pons or
pons also rests, that is where it rests, so that is what is anterior to what is
the occipital foramen, in this anterior view of the antero-superior face we are now seeing
the same thing from inside the skull. the occipital bone we are going to see the internal occipital protuberance
that coincides with the external occipital disturbance but this time from the endocranial side,
From the antero-superior surface of that internal occipital protuberance comes the
internal occipital crest. A structure called the
cerebellar falx is inserted into this internal occipital crest. Now, towards the upper part we find the groove for the
superior longitudinal sinus, which is a venous sinus which is also called the superior sagittal sinus and towards the
lateral parts the grooves of the lateral sinuses emerge. Notice then that this crest,
this internal occipital protuberance is a point of confluence of this structure, both of the
lateral sinuses and of the superior longitudinal sinus and downwards with the internal occipital crest,
between them a cruciform point is formed that will separate that endocranial face,
that anterosuperior face of the occipital bone into four fossae: two fossae that remain above
that correspond to fossae of the brain, the posterior lobes of the brain in the
superior occipital fossae or in the posterior cranial fossa and two fossae that are found below
those grooves of the lateral sinus that are the inferior occipital fossae but which correspond to me
is the lobes of the cerebellum, not the brain but from the cerebellum which will separate it in
this sulcus from the lateral sinus, here we can also see this anterior view which is the condyle,
the posterior foramen concilium and here the foramen concilium anterior, this would then be the
bacillary portion of the occipital Once we are done with the faces, as we can see here, I am missing one
last structure of this endocranial face, which is the sulcus of the sigmoid sinus. Remember that this
sigmoid sinus is the continuation of the lateral sinus, which you can see here and this is where It houses what
is the internal jugular vein or it is when the sigmoid sinus stops being called that and begins to be called
the internal jugular vein. Now to finish we are going to talk about the edges, remember that this
occipital bone has a more or less shape, it is said to have a rhomboidal shape, so it will have
two edges that are the upper edges that are the ones with which they articulate with the parietal which would
be called parietal or superior edges, an angle that would be the superior angle that is
right at the tip of the union of those superior edges, we are going to have two lower edges
that we are going to call temporal edges because they are to articulate with the temporal bone and a
union of those two lower edges that would be the lower angle that is specifically in the
bacillary portion of the occipital and we are going to find two lateral angles that are for the union
of both the upper and lower edges of each side, we are going to describe each one of
these angles and each of these edges, in this later view we see the upper edges
which are what I told you are called parietal to articulate with the parietal and united by what
is the superior angle, the superior angle is called lambda why? because
it is the place where this suture, which would be the parieto-occipital suture, joins what
is the sagittal suture and that central metric skull point is called lanbda, very well now these
lateral angles that are to join what is the upper edge with The lower edge is the point
where the parietal joins the temporal and the occipital joins, then this place is called the
metric skull point of asterium or also what is called the parieto-temporo-occipital junction,
in this lateral view we also see the parietal, we see the occipital temporal and this
cranial metric point that we see here would be the exterior that is an
important cranial metric point in medicine. Now let's talk about the inferior angle, this
inferior angle, I remind you, was what joined both inferior edges in that inferior angle
. It is called by some authors, it is where the occipital joins the body of the sphenoid,
if you see a person from puberty here you are going to see the suture, you are going to see the union,
but once the person grows up and leaves puberty, the occipital fuses with the
sphenoid, forming what we call a craniosynostosis; Let's finally talk
about the lower edges, in this lower edge we find the jugular process in front of the
jugular process, we find a notch that is the jugular notch, why is it important?
this jugular notch? good because it forms the posterior limit of the posterior lacerated foramen,
reminding you that the posterior lacerated foramen is also called the jugular foramen,
because three cranial pairs descend through it, which are 9, 10 and 11, that is,
glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory and through there the internal jugular vein descends, then
this sinus that I explained to you just now is the sigmoid sinus, sigmoid because it has the shape of a
Greek s, now anterior to this jugular process we find the jugular tubercle, so between
the tubercle and the process is that the jugular notch would be found as you can see it here,
in this superior view we also see that this entire lower edge is what we call
the temporal edge because you see how it articulates in all its extension with this bone that is seen
here in gray which would be the bone of time, the temporal bone; At this point that you see here it would
basically be the notch that will form the posterior limit of the jugular foramen. So
this has been the entire video friends, do not forget to subscribe, very important, click on the little circle
that appears here, like the video and share it on your social networks, you can also follow me
on Instagram at @juan_sanchez1315. Thank you very much for watching the video
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