Characteristics of Organisms - Grade 10 #Easy_Science
Summary
TLDRThis video script from 'Easy Science' delves into the characteristics that define living organisms, emphasizing that life cannot be determined solely by appearance. It covers cellular organization, nutrition, respiration, irritability, coordination, excretion, movement, reproduction, and growth and development. The script explains the differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, the process of photosynthesis, and cellular respiration. It also touches on the response to stimuli, the importance of irritability and coordination, and the various forms of excretion and movement in organisms. The video concludes with a discussion on the complexity of identifying life, using viruses as an example of entities that exhibit both living and nonliving traits.
Takeaways
- đż The script discusses the characteristics of living organisms, emphasizing that life cannot be determined solely by external features.
- đŹ Cellular organization is a key characteristic, with both unicellular and multicellular organisms having different levels of organization.
- đ Autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms are differentiated based on how they obtain energy and materials for life.
- đ Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, as photoautotrophs, convert solar energy into food using chlorophyll.
- đ Cellular respiration is the process of transforming stored food into energy, occurring within the mitochondria of cells.
- đ Irritability and coordination are shown by organisms in response to stimuli, with communication between organs facilitating this.
- đš Excretion is vital for the removal of byproducts from metabolic processes, with different organisms having specific excretory products.
- đ¶ Movement is necessary for organisms to fulfill their needs, utilizing various structures or the whole body for locomotion.
- đ± Reproduction is essential for the continuation of species, with organisms employing both sexual and asexual methods.
- đ Growth and development are characterized by an increase in size and complexity, with specific steps involved in the process.
- đŠ Viruses exhibit both living and nonliving characteristics, requiring a host cell to become active and can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
Q & A
What are the common characteristics of living organisms?
-The common characteristics of living organisms include cellular organization, nutrition, respiration, irritability and coordination, excretion, movement, reproduction, and growth and development.
What is cellular organization and how does it differ between unicellular and multicellular organisms?
-Cellular organization is the structural arrangement of cells within an organism. Unicellular organisms like Paramecium and amoeba consist of a single cell with cytoplasm and organelles enclosed by a plasma membrane, showing no tissue or organ level organization. Multicellular organisms, on the other hand, are composed of different types of cells that form tissues, organs, and systems, showing tissue and system level organization.
What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms in terms of nutrition?
-Autotrophic organisms produce their own food using either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, while heterotrophic organisms consume food produced by other organisms. Photoautotrophs, like most plants, use sunlight to produce food, whereas chemoautotrophs, like certain bacteria, use chemical reactions.
How is the process of photosynthesis described in the script?
-Photosynthesis is the process where carbon dioxide reacts with water inside the chloroplasts of plant cells in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. It is facilitated by chlorophyll and can be represented by the equation of photosynthesis.
What is cellular respiration and where does it occur within a cell?
-Cellular respiration is the process of transforming stored food into energy that occurs within the mitochondria of the cell. It involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.
What is irritability and how is it related to the response to stimuli?
-Irritability is the ability of an organism to respond to stimuli, which are changes in the environment that elicit a reaction. It involves a connection between the part receiving the stimulus and the part responding to it, such as taking one's hand away from a hot plate.
How does coordination play a role in an organism's response to stimuli?
-Coordination is the communication between different organs or parts of an organism that allows for a unified response to stimuli. For example, during an accident, the hand receives a stimulus, nerves transmit the signal, and muscles and hormones coordinate the response to withdraw the hand.
What is excretion and why is it important for organisms?
-Excretion is the removal of waste products from the body that are produced during metabolism. It is important for maintaining homeostasis and preventing the buildup of harmful substances, such as carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogenous waste.
How do organisms move and what are some examples of movement in both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
-Organisms move to fulfill their needs using various structures or their whole body. Unicellular organisms use cilia, pseudopodia, and flagella for locomotion, while multicellular organisms use structures like fins, wings, and legs. Plants also exhibit movement in response to stimuli, such as growing towards light or bending away from roots.
What are the two types of reproduction in organisms and how do they differ?
-The two types of reproduction are sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves the union of gametes from two individuals to form a zygote, while asexual reproduction allows a single organism to produce genetically identical offspring without the contribution of another organism.
What is the process of growth and development in multicellular organisms?
-Growth and development in multicellular organisms start from a single cell called a zygote, which develops into an embryo and later transforms into an offspring. This process involves an irreversible increase in cell size (growth) and an increase in complexity through cell differentiation (development).
Why are viruses considered to have both living and nonliving characteristics?
-Viruses are considered to have both living and nonliving characteristics because they are composed of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) enclosed by a protein capsid and require a host cell to become active. They do not exhibit the full range of characteristics of living organisms, such as independent metabolism or reproduction outside of a host.
Outlines
đż Characteristics of Living Organisms
This paragraph introduces the fundamental characteristics that define living organisms, emphasizing that the presence of life cannot be determined solely by external appearance. It discusses cellular organization, distinguishing between unicellular and multicellular organisms and their structural levels, such as tissues, organs, and systems. The paragraph also covers nutrition, explaining the concepts of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, and the process of photosynthesis in plants. Furthermore, it delves into cellular respiration, irritability and coordination, which are the organism's responses to stimuli and the communication between organs, respectively.
đââïž Movement, Reproduction, and Growth in Organisms
The second paragraph explores various aspects of organismal life, including irritability and coordination in response to stimuli, as demonstrated by the human body's reaction to an accident. It then discusses excretion, the process by which organisms remove metabolic waste products, and highlights the different forms of excretion in humans and plants. The paragraph also covers the importance of movement for survival, describing the methods of locomotion in both unicellular and multicellular organisms, as well as in plants. Reproduction is presented as a critical characteristic for species continuation, with a distinction between sexual and asexual reproduction. Lastly, the paragraph explains growth and development as stages in the life cycle of organisms, from a single cell to a fully developed individual, and touches upon the complexity of identifying living entities that may appear nonliving, such as viruses, which exhibit both living and nonliving characteristics.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄOrganisms
đĄCellular Organization
đĄNutrition
đĄRespiration
đĄIrritability
đĄCoordination
đĄExcretion
đĄMovement
đĄReproduction
đĄGrowth and Development
đĄViruses
Highlights
The distinction between living and non-living entities cannot be made solely by external features, emphasizing the importance of understanding the characteristics of life.
Characteristics of living organisms include cellular organization, nutrition, respiration, irritability, coordination, excretion, movement, reproduction, and growth and development.
Unicellular organisms like Paramecium, Euglena, Chlamydomonas, and amoeba have a simple cellular structure with open-level organization.
Multicellular organisms result from the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, leading to the formation of a zygote and subsequent cell division.
Organizational levels of an organism range from cells to tissues, organs, systems, and the complete organism.
Nutrition involves the process of obtaining energy and materials for life maintenance, with autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms differing in how they acquire nutrients.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use chlorophyll and sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Cellular respiration is the transformation of stored food into energy, occurring within the mitochondria of cells.
Irritability is the ability of an organism to respond to stimuli, with coordination being the communication between organs.
Excretion is the removal of metabolic byproducts, such as carbon dioxide, water, and urea, from the body.
Movement is essential for organisms to fulfill their needs, utilizing various organs or body structures for locomotion.
Reproduction is vital for the continuation of species, with sexual and asexual reproduction methods differing in the involvement of gametes.
Growth and development in multicellular organisms start from a single cell, the zygote, undergoing irreversible increases in size and complexity.
The three steps of growth and development include cell size increase, cell number increase through division, and cell differentiation.
Living entities that are difficult to identify, such as yeast and lichens, can become active under certain conditions, challenging the distinction between living and non-living.
Viruses, composed of nucleic acid enclosed by a protein capsid, exhibit both living and nonliving characteristics and require a host cell to become active.
Viruses can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants, highlighting their impact on ecosystems and health.
Transcripts
welcome to easy science let us move to
the topic characteristics of organisms
if you are provided with a coconut tree
a peacock a ball some balloons and a
snake and if you are asked to name the
living organisms here it would be an
easy task for you but if you are given
an it a tissue stored under special
conditions and a DNA isolated from a
fossil can you call them as living or
nonliving it is difficult
until the egg is hatched and the tissue
and DNA are bordered to some other
organisms so now you may understand that
confirmation of life cannot be made only
by observing the external features so
let us learn about the characteristics
of living organisms the common
characteristics are cellular
organization nutrition respiration
irritability and coordination excretion
movement reproduction and growth and
development cellular organization
unicellular organisms like Paramecium
euglena Chlamydomonas and amoeba are
made up of cytoplasm and organelles
enclosed by a plasma plasma membrane
they show open le level organization but
a multicellular organism is formed by
the fertilization of an egg with a sperm
to produce the zygote and then cell
division take place to increase the
number of cells
finally a multicellular organism
composed of different types of cells is
formed so it shows tissue and system
level organization so plants and
multicellular animals are made up of
different types of cells and tissues
organizational levels of an organism the
smallest structural and functional unit
at living condition is thus in a group
of cells modified to perform a
particular function is a tissue a
collection of tissues form an organ a
collection of organs form a system and
finally systems pullip
we from the organism this is the
organizational level of a multicellular
organism nutrition the process by which
energy and materials are obtained for
the maintenance of life is called
nutrition energy is needed for the cell
growth and to repair the worn-out
structures organisms that produce their
own food or nutrition are called
autotrophic organisms and the organisms
that utilize the food produced by plants
or organic compounds with other living
origins are called heterotrophic
organisms autotroph eats are of two
types photo AutoFix the cutie lies solar
energy for the food production most of
the plants are photo autotrophic s'
second is chemo autotrophic s' that use
chemical reactions for food production
most of the bacteria are chemo
autotrophic s-- photosynthesis is their
production of food inside the
chloroplast of the plant cell using
chlorophyll during photosynthesis carbon
dioxide reacts with water inside the
chlorophyll in the presence of sunlight
to produce glucose and oxygen this is
called as the equation of photosynthesis
the food web shown here depicts the
connection between different modes of
nutrition respiration the process of
transforming the stored food into energy
is called
cellular respiration it occurs inside
the mitochondria of the cell so that
process it is not visible to us but we
can observe the process inspiration that
intake oxygen and expiration that
removes the carbon dioxide irritability
and coordination before talking about
irritability you should know the two
terms stimulus and response stimulus is
a change that is strong enough to bring
about a response
for example touching a hot plate
responses our reactions according to
changes in the environment for the
stimulus discussed earlier the response
would be taking the hand away
immediately for this to happened our
body should have the ability to respond
and there should be a connection between
the part receiving the stimulus and the
part responding to it so the ability to
respond to stimuli is called
irritability and the communication
between organs is called coordination
this picture shows the irritability and
coordination during an accident a
stimulus is received by our hand nerves
muscles and hormones help in
coordination the response is given by
the hand not only humans even other
animals and plants of irritability and
coordination as they react to stimulus
excretion is the removal of the
byproducts from the body which are
produced during metabolism metabolism is
the sum of chemical and physiological
activities or building up and breaking
down of materials within thus in the
main excretory products of human are
carbon dioxide and water vapor in the
exhaled air water and souls in the sweet
and urea water and salts in urine
nitrogenous expression of human mainly
occurs by the kidney carbon dioxide
released by the plants during
respiration and oxygen delivering the
photosynthesis - can be considered as
excretion organisms need to move in
order to fulfill their needs they use
various organs or their whole body for
the movement unicellular organisms use
cilia pseudopodia and flagella for
locomotion and multicellular organisms
you structures like fins wings and legs
full of commotion
plants to move as response to various
stimuli growth of shoot tip towards the
light growth of fruit epochs towards
gravity shrinking of some leaves when
touched and bending of stems always away
from the root are some examples of the
movements shown by the plants
reproduction is the production of a new
generation by a unicellular or
multicellular organism for the
continuation of their species this is a
very important characteristic because it
is needed for the existence of earth
reproduction is of two types sexual
reproduction and asexual reproduction
during sexual reproduction gametes of
two individuals of the same species
unite to form a zygote
during asexual reproduction a single
organism produces identical new
offsprings without the contribution of
another organism growth and development
life of multicellular organisms start
from a single cell called a zygote it
and sperm fuse to form a zygote zygote
develops into an embryo and embryo later
transforms into an offspring during this
process Roth and development occur
growth is the irreversible increase of
dry mass of the sins and development is
the increase in complexity of the same
growth and development occur in animals
as well as in plants and also in all
other organisms there are three steps of
growth and development a reversible
increase in size of the cell increase in
number of cells by cell division and
cell differentiation are the three steps
you may have seen white masses on
decomposing garbage you may not know if
it is living or nonliving but later they
may develop into mushrooms
similarly there are ferns growing on the
walls
also there are lichens growing on stems
of the plants you cannot decide at once
if they are living or nonliving
similarly there are dry
yeast available which almost seemed to
be nonliving but become active in warm
water so there are living entities that
cannot be easily identified whether
living or not live virus is a good
example for it they are very small and
observed using electron microscope they
are about one over thousand the size of
bacteria virus is not considered as a
sin they are composed of DNA or RNA
nucleic acid enclosed by a protein
capsid
they show both living and nonliving
characteristics a virus becomes active
only inside a host cell virus can cause
diseases to human animals and to the
plants banana bunchy top disease and
curly leaf all these are caused to the
plants and influenza common cold dango
and AIDS are some diseases coastal
animals hope you enjoyed the lesson meet
you all
in another video
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