REPUBLIK MALUKU SELATAN (RMS) | MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the history of the South Moluccan Republic, exploring its roots in Dutch colonialism and the unique perspective of the Maluku people towards it. It highlights the establishment of the Republic, driven by figures like Dr. Christian Smokio, and the subsequent rebellion against the Indonesian Republic. The narrative unfolds the uprising's progression, the formation of the RMS government and military, and its ultimate suppression by the Indonesian military. The story concludes with Smokio's capture and execution, yet the RMS's spirit persists, even in exile, striving for Maluku's independence.
Takeaways
- 🎵 The script begins with a musical introduction, setting a tone for the historical narrative about Indonesia's past.
- 🎤 Daniel Sahuleka, a well-known Indonesian musician, and Giovanni Van Bronckhorst, a notable Dutch football player, are both of Maluku descent and have Dutch citizenship, highlighting the connection between the Maluku Islands and the Netherlands.
- 🏛 The Dutch colonial approach in Maluku was distinct from that in Java, focusing on the spread of Christianity and Western-style education, which influenced the local perspective on Dutch rule.
- 🛡 The formation of the South Moluccan Republic (RMS) was influenced by dissatisfaction among the KNIL soldiers from Maluku with demobilization policies and a desire for a federal state system.
- 🗺 The script outlines the background of the RMS rebellion, including the different conditions of Dutch colonization in Maluku, the integration of KNIL soldiers into the Indonesian military, and political distrust towards the Republic of Indonesia's leadership.
- 🚩 The RMS was declared on April 25, 1950, with Johan Manusama as its president, aiming to separate South Maluku from the Republic of Indonesia, reflecting a strong anti-government sentiment among the local population.
- 🛡️ The RMS established its own military force, the Angkatan Perang RMS, led by DJ Samson, adopting the KNIL's rank system.
- 🛑 The Indonesian government attempted peaceful diplomacy with the RMS, which was rejected, leading to military operations to suppress the rebellion.
- 🏹 The military expedition led by Alex Evert Kawilarang resulted in the capture of Ambon and the arrest of Johan Manusama and his ministers on November 5, 1950.
- 🔫 The rebellion continued with guerrilla warfare in Seram, where the RMS forces retreated and continued their fight for independence.
- ⚖️ Despite the capture and execution of Smokil, the RMS movement persisted, with Johan Manusama establishing a government-in-exile in the Netherlands, continuing the struggle for South Maluku's independence.
Q & A
Who is Daniel Sahuleka and why is he significant in Indonesian music?
-Daniel Sahuleka is a well-known musician and singer famous for hit songs like 'You Make My World', 'So Colorful Life', and 'Don't Sleep Away, The Night'. His significance lies in his contribution to Indonesian music and his connection to the Netherlands through his Indonesian heritage.
What is the historical significance of Giovanni Van Bronckhorst's goal in the 2010 World Cup?
-Giovanni Van Bronckhorst's spectacular goal against Uruguay in the 2010 World Cup is significant as it showcased his talent and contributed to the Dutch team's success, also highlighting the connection between Indonesian football fans and the Netherlands due to shared cultural ties.
What is the connection between the Maluku people and the Dutch nationality?
-Many people of Maluku descent became Dutch nationals due to historical ties and colonial influences. The script mentions that despite originating from Ambon, Maluku, both Daniel Sahuleka and Giovanni Van Bronckhorst have Dutch nationality.
What was the Republic of South Maluku (RMS) and its historical context?
-The Republic of South Maluku (RMS) was a short-lived political entity that emerged in the 1950s as a result of dissatisfaction among certain groups in Maluku with the Indonesian government's policies and a desire for a separate state. It was influenced by various factors including historical Dutch colonialism and the integration of the Eastern Indonesian state into the Unitary Republic of Indonesia.
What were the key reasons behind the uprising of the Republic of South Maluku?
-The uprising was driven by several factors: differences in Dutch colonial approaches in Maluku compared to Java, the integration of the KNIL (Royal Netherlands Indies Army) into the Indonesian army, dissatisfaction with demobilization policies, and a desire for a federal state structure among the people of Maluku.
Who was Dr. Christian Smokio and what was his role in the Republic of South Maluku?
-Dr. Christian Smokio was a key figure in the establishment of the Republic of South Maluku. He was a doctor and former Attorney General of the Eastern Indonesian state who shared similar views with Andi Azis regarding the changes in the Republic of Indonesia and led the movement for the RMS.
What was the outcome of the Dutch government's approach to the RMS after its declaration of independence?
-The Dutch government initially attempted diplomacy by sending a legate to negotiate with Smokio, but this was rejected. Subsequently, the Dutch government decided to implement a military expedition led by Alex Evert Kawilarang to suppress the RMS.
What happened to the leaders of the RMS after the military intervention by the Dutch?
-After the military intervention, key leaders of the RMS, including Johanis Manuhutu, the president, and his ministers, were captured. Smokio was later captured and sentenced to death by a military court.
How did the RMS continue its activities after Smokio's execution?
-Despite Smokio's execution, the RMS continued its activities, with Johan Manusama forming a government-in-exile in the Netherlands. They continued to advocate for the independence of South Maluku, even after the RMS had ended in Indonesia.
What was the impact of the RMS on the people of Maluku and their relationship with the Indonesian government?
-The RMS highlighted the dissatisfaction and desire for autonomy among some groups in Maluku. It strained their relationship with the Indonesian government, leading to military conflict and a prolonged struggle for recognition of their independence movement.
What is the significance of the RMS in the broader context of Indonesian history?
-The RMS represents a chapter in Indonesian history where regional identity and autonomy clashed with the central government's vision of a unified nation. It serves as a reminder of the complexities and diversity within the Indonesian archipelago.
Outlines
🔙 Introduction to Indonesian History Class
Welcome to the Indonesian history class for grade 12. The video begins with an introduction, highlighting the importance of understanding historical events. The narrator introduces Daniel Sahuleka, a renowned musician, and Giovanni Van Bronckhorst, a famous footballer, both of Indonesian descent. This sets the stage for discussing the historical context of Indonesian influence in the Netherlands, particularly focusing on the Republic of South Maluku (RMS) rebellion led by Dr. Christian Soumokil in the early 1950s.
🌏 Background of the South Maluku Rebellion
The first section delves into the background of the RMS rebellion. It explains the unique colonial approach of the Dutch in Maluku compared to Java, including the promotion of Christianity and Western education, which resulted in a different perspective among the people of Maluku towards Dutch colonization. It also highlights the integration of Ambonese youths into the KNIL (Royal Netherlands East Indies Army), leading to tensions during the Indonesian Revolution (1945-1949). The integration of KNIL into the Indonesian Armed Forces and the dissatisfaction among Maluku soldiers are discussed as contributing factors to the rebellion.
⚔️ The Course of the South Maluku Rebellion
The second section covers the development of the RMS rebellion. After a failed uprising by Andi Azis in Makassar, Dr. Soumokil returned to Ambon, where tensions were high. Soumokil and his followers, including former KNIL members, declared the establishment of the RMS on April 25, 1950, with Johanis Manuhutu as president. The formation of an RMS military force and the resistance against the Indonesian government are detailed. The RMS leadership faced opposition from pro-Indonesian factions, leading to imprisonment and threats against supporters of Indonesian unity.
📉 The End of the South Maluku Rebellion
The third section discusses the conclusion of the RMS rebellion. The Indonesian government initially attempted a peaceful resolution by sending emissaries to negotiate with Soumokil, but these efforts failed. Consequently, a military expedition led by Alex Evert Kawilarang was launched. The Indonesian Armed Forces successfully recaptured Ambon by November 1950, leading to the arrest of RMS leaders, including Johanis Manuhutu. Despite the fall of RMS in Indonesia, the movement continued in exile in the Netherlands, where leaders, including Johan Manusama, established a government-in-exile and continued advocating for South Maluku independence.
📚 Summary and Conclusion
The video concludes with a summary of the RMS rebellion. It reiterates the background factors, including the Dutch colonial approach and the integration of KNIL soldiers. It recaps the key events of the rebellion, from the declaration of RMS to the military confrontation and eventual suppression by Indonesian forces. The narrator emphasizes the ongoing efforts of RMS supporters in the Netherlands to seek independence for South Maluku. The video ends with a call for questions and discussion in the comments, inviting viewers to like and subscribe for more content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Daniel Sahuleka
💡Giovanni Van Bronckhorst
💡Ambon
💡South Moluccan Republic (RMS)
💡Dutch East Indies
💡KNIL
💡Demobilization
💡Federalism
💡Christian Smokio
💡Johan Manusama
💡New Victoria Fortress
Highlights
Introduction to the South Moluccan Republic's history in a classroom setting.
Daniel Sahuleka, a famous Indonesian musician, and Giovanni Van Bronckhorst, a notable Dutch football figure, both have Indonesian ancestry from Ambon.
Many people of Maluku descent became Dutch nationals, which is a focal point of the discussion.
Dr. Christian Smokio, a key figure in the South Moluccan uprising, is introduced along with his views on the early 1950s political situation in Indonesia.
Background of the South Moluccan Republic's uprising, including the different Dutch colonial approaches in Maluku compared to Java.
The successful spread of Christianity and Western education in Maluku due to Dutch efforts.
Ambonese youth's involvement in the Dutch East Indies Army and their role during the revolution from 1945 to 1949.
Political figures in Java viewed Ambonese as Dutch sympathizers due to their different approach to the Dutch.
The integration of the KNIL (Royal Netherlands Indies Army) into the Indonesian army and the dissatisfaction among Ambonese soldiers.
The belief of East Indonesia's people in a federal state system as a middle way in governance, contrasting with the central government's views.
The establishment of the South Moluccan Republic as a means to separate Ambon and other areas from the Republic of Indonesia.
The failed uprising attempt in Makassar led by Andi Azis, prompting Smokio to return to Ambon.
The declaration of the South Moluccan Republic on April 25, 1950, with Johan Manusama as its president.
The formation of the RMS (Republic of South Moluccan) army led by DJ Samson, adopting the former KNIL system.
The government's initial diplomatic efforts to resolve the RMS uprising, which were rejected by Smokio.
Military operations led by Alex Evert Kawilarang to suppress the RMS, including a naval blockade and troop deployment.
The capture of Ambon and the arrest of Johan Manusama and his ministers on November 5, 1950.
The continuation of guerrilla warfare by Smokio and RMS forces on Seram Island until their eventual capture.
The execution of Smokio and the ongoing efforts for South Moluccan independence even after the end of RMS in Indonesia.
Johan Manusama's formation of a government-in-exile in the Netherlands and the Dutch decision to relocate Maluku soldiers and their families.
Conclusion summarizing the background, course, and end of the South Moluccan Republic's uprising.
Transcripts
Halo
Halo teman-teman selamat datang di clan
Sejarah Indonesia kelas 12 bersama saya
tidak persiapkan diri kalian karena kita
akan kembali ke masa lalu maka dari itu
Yuk kita mulai
[Musik]
yumeost
Sugeng
Sesungguhnya
aku ingin
hidup
bagi penikmat musik Indonesia tidak
asing dengan sosok Daniel Sahuleka
musisi dan penyanyi terkenal dengan
lagu-lagu hits seperti You Make My World
So Colorful Life dan Don't Sleep Away
The Night dan sukses menyedot perhatian
penikmat musik Belanda atau penikmat
sepakbola Indonesia tidak asing dengan
curah Giovanni Van bronckhorst dalam
Piala Dunia 2010 dengan gol
spektakulernya ke gawang Uruguay nah
ternyata kedua tokoh tersebut memiliki
darah keturunan Indonesia tepatnya
berasal dari Ambon namun bagaimana bisa
banyak orang keturunan dari Maluku
menjadi warganegara Belanda salah satu
penyebab ketidakhadiran orang Maluku di
Belanda memiliki keterhubungan dengan
pembahasan kita kali ini peristiwa yang
dimotori oleh dokter Christian smokio
mantan Jaksa Agung Negara Indonesia
Timur yang memiliki pandangan serupa
dengan Andi Azis terhadap kondisi
perubahan Republik Indonesia Serikat di
awal tahun 1950 yaitu materi
pemberontakan Republik Maluku Selatan
Nah untuk memudahkan kalian dalam
memahami materi maka dari itu perhatikan
peta konsep berikut ini pertama kita
akan melihat bagaimana latar belakang
dari lahirnya Republik Maluku Selatan
kedua kita akan melihat bagaimana
jalannya kontrakan dan terakhir kita
akan melihat bagaimana akhir
pemberontakan maka dari itu Yuk kita
bahas konsep kita yang pertama
latar belakang dari lahirnya
pemberontakan Republik Maluku Selatan
yang pertama yaitu perbedaan kondisi
penjajahan Belanda di Maluku semenjak
runtuhnya VOC di akhir abad ke-18 dan
terbentuknya pemerintahan hindia-belanda
pihak kolonial melakukan pendekatan
penjajahan di Maluku yang sama sekali
berbeda dibandingkan dengan
pendekatannya di Jawa Belanda berupaya
untuk mendukung Penyebaran agama Kristen
yang disertai dengan pendidikan ala
barat dan upaya Belanda tersebut
ternyata terbilang sukses sehingga
masyarakat Maluku khususnya di wilayah
Maluku Selatan memiliki perspektif yang
berbeda terhadap penjajahan yang
dilakukan oleh Belanda bahkan para
pemuda Ambon mendapatkan kesempatan
untuk masuk ke dalam kesatuan tentara
Hindia Belanda atau kenal
mereka ditempatkan dalam pasukan-pasukan
khusus dan bahkan dalam masa revolusi
fisik di tahun 1945 hingga tahun 1949
tentara Kernel asal Ambon menjadi musuh
bagi Tentara Nasional Indonesia karena
perbedaan pendekatan tersebut sebagian
tokoh-tokoh politik di Jawa memandang
kecurigaan terhadap Ambon sebagai
simpatisan Belanda yang tidak mendukung
upaya kemerdekaan Indonesia kedua latar
belakang dari lahirnya pemberontakan
Republik Maluku Selatan yaitu
diakibatkan oleh peleburan kniel ke
dalam Angkatan perang Republik Indonesia
Serikat akibat dari hasil Konferensi
Meja Bundar kening lebih haruskan untuk
melebur ke dalam Angkatan perang
Republik Indonesia Serikat dan tentara
Kernel asal Maluku diberikan dua pilihan
demobilisasi atau dibebastugaskan dan
pilihan kedua yaitu bergabung sebagai
bagian dari Angkatan perang Republik
Indonesia Serikat
mulai muncul diantara prajurit Cleo asal
Maluku terhadap pilihan yang diberikan
mayoritas tentara kniel merasa tidak
puas dengan kebijakan demobilisasi yang
mengharuskan mereka ditempatkan di Jawa
sedangkan dalam kebijakan kemil tentara
seharusnya mendapatkan hak untuk memilih
tempat dimana mereka akan
dibebastugaskan
ketidakpuasan ini dialami oleh tentara
keningau juga dirasakan oleh semua kill
yang menjadi latar belakang ketiga dari
lahirnya pemberontakan Republik Maluku
Selatan yaitu diakibatkan oleh rencana
peleburan Negara Indonesia Timur ke
dalam negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia
semua kill mempercayai bahwa bentuk
negara federal isme sebagai jalan tengah
dalam penyelenggaraan kehidupan
bernegara pemikiran smokel didasari atas
ketidakpercayaan nya terhadap
kepemimpinan Republik karena menurutnya
pemerintah Republik Indonesia terlalu
didominasi oleh orang Jawa Mus ini dan
tokoh-tokoh lain yang beraliran kiri
berbanding terbalik dengan wilayah
Maluku Selatan yang sebagian besar
Protestan dan problem dak serta Ia juga
enggan untuk melihat kenyataan bahwa
terdapat banyak kalangan di Maluku yang
menyerukan persatuan Indonesia maka
berdirinya RMS adalah sebagai cara ia
untuk bisa memisahkan wilayah Maluku
Selatan seperti daerah Ambon buru dan
seram dari wilayah Negara Kesatuan
Republik Indonesia
selanjutnya kita akan melihat bagaimana
jalannya pemberontakan
semenjak gagalnya upaya Andi Azis
mengadakan pemberontakan di Makassar
smoke ilmu memutuskan untuk kembali ke
Ambon dengan menggunakan pesawat Belanda
di tanggal 13 April tahun 1950 dan ia
dihadapkan dengan situasi Ambon yang
juga memanas akibat dari pro-kontra
kabar penyatuan Nite ke Republik
Indonesia Lombok
yang kontraknya to an end it is
melemparkan beberapa tindakan seperti
Gubernur 9 serangkai yang beranggotakan
pasukan kniel dan Partai Timur besar
terlebih dahulu telah melakukan
propaganda terhadap NKRI untuk
memisahkan wilayah Maluku Selain itu
Johan Manusama yang kelak akan menjadi
pengganti smoker sebagai presiden RMS
mengadakan rapat bersama dengan para
penguasa desa di pulau Ambon dan
mengobarkan semangat anti-pemerintah
risk dengan kampanye Maluku tidak mau
dijajah oleh orang-orang Jawa
sedangkan smokio telah berhasil untuk
mengumpulkan kekuatan dari masyarakat
yang berada di daerah Maluku Tengah dan
tit tanggal 25 April tahun 1950 semoga
Kills yang mengajak beberapa toko Ambon
dan juga mantan anggota kanil berhasil
untuk mendeklarasikan lahirnya RMS
dengan presidennya johanis Manuhutu
saudara menterinya Albert Wibisono serta
semoga ilmu jadi salah satu menterinya
dan di tanggal 9 Mei tahun
1958 sisa pasukan kniel yang belum di
demobilisasi akhirnya ah dibentuk sebuah
Angkatan Perang RMS dengan sersan mayor
kniel yaitu DJ Samson sebagai panglima
tertinggi dengan sistem kepangkatannya
yang mengadopsi sistem know
dangkan nasib berbeda dialami oleh
sekelompok orang yang menyatakan
dukungan terhadap NKRI sikap yang
diambil oleh RMS adalah dengan mengancam
dan menjebloskan mereka ke penjara jika
mereka tetap mendukung upaya penyatuan
negara Indonesia Timur
Hai selanjutnya kita akan melihat
bagaimana akhir dari pemberontakan
Republik Maluku Selatan untuk mengatasi
pemberontakan RMS pemerintah Ris
mengawali upaya damai dengan mengirim
leimena untuk berdiplomasi dengan smokio
namun langkah tersebut ditolak sehingga
pemerintah Ris memutuskan untuk
melaksanakan ekspedisi militer yang
dipimpin oleh Alex never Kawilarang yang
kala itu menjabat sebagai panglima
Territory Um Indonesia timur Kawilarang
memerintahkan kepada angkatan laut untuk
memblokade laut di sekitaran pulau Ambon
dan di tanggal 28 Sep tahun 1950
dibentuk operasi malam pimpinan komandan
Mayor pelupessy dengan mengirim 850
tentara untuk melawan RMS hingga
akhirnya di tanggal 5 November tahun
1950 Kota Ambon berhasil untuk dikuasai
dan ditangkapnya johanis Manuhutu dan
juga 9 menterinya Hai namun dalam
insiden perebutan benteng new Victoria
Letkol Slamet Riyadi harus gugur dalam
pertempuran
setelah dikuasainya Ambon oleh Abris
smoke ildan tentara app RMS meninggalkan
kota Ambon Menuju Pulau Seram sambil
melakukan perang gerilya di sana hingga
akhirnya ia berhasil tetangga pada 12
Desember tahun 1963 serta diadili di
Mahkamah Militer luar biasa dengan vonis
eksekusi mati tertangkapnya smokio
ternyata tidak menghentikan pergerakan
RMS karena Johan Manusama membentuk
Pemerintahan pengasingan di Belanda
tahun 1966 bersamaan dengan sikap
Belanda yang juga memutuskan untuk
memindahkan 12.500 tentara Maluku
bersama dengan keluarganya walaupun RMS
telah berakhir di Indonesia namun mereka
masih mengupayakan kemerdekaan bagi
Maluku Selatan hingga hari ini Hai Nah
itulah akhir dari pemberontakan Republik
Maluku Selatan
selanjutnya Mari kita tarik
kesimpulannya
Hai kesimpulan dari materi pemberontakan
Republik Maluku Selatan yaitu pertama
latar belakang berupa perbedaan kondisi
penjajahan Belanda di Maluku leburan
kenal asal Ambon kedalam apris hingga
peleburan Negara Indonesia Timur ke
dalam negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia
kedua ah jalannya pemberontakan diawali
dari konsolidasi smokel dengan
tokoh-tokoh sipil dan ke mil Ambon untuk
mendeklarasikan RMS pembentukan susunan
pemerintahan dan kesatuan tentara apms
hingga penangkapan bagi mereka yang
menentang RMS dan Bro terhadap kesatuan
Indonesia ketiga akhir pemberontakan
yaitu diawali dari upaya diplomasi
dengan pengutusan dmna yang ditolak oleh
smoking pengiriman pasukan apris
pimpinan Alex evert Kawilarang dan
berakhir dengan terbesarnya RMS ke Pulau
Seram hingga penangkapan smokio Nah itu
dia adalah kesimpulan dari materi kita
kali ini jika ada pertanyaan dan diskusi
seputar sejarah bisa ditulis di kolom
komentar ya Hai jangan lupa untuk like
dan subscribe juga Maka dari itu saya
pamit undur diri sampai jumpa lagi di
kelas jelas selanjutnya dadah
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