HORMON PADA TUMBUHAN (FITOHORMON)

ANNI ANNE STORY #Anne Listiyani

3 Aug 202007:05

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script delves into the world of phytohormones, essential for plant growth and development. It explains the roles of hormones like auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and others in processes such as phototropism, etiolation, and fruit ripening. The script also touches on practical applications, like using ethylene to speed up avocado ripening and the use of cytokinins in bonsai cultivation to encourage branching. The lesson aims to inspire a deeper understanding of these plant hormones and their impact on agriculture and horticulture.

Takeaways

🌱 Plants use two types of hormones: growth promoters and growth inhibitors.
🌳 Auxin is a growth-promoting hormone that encourages upward growth and is typically found at the tips of roots and shoots.
🌞 Auxin's function is influenced by light, causing slower growth on the side exposed to sunlight due to its inhibitory effect under light.
🌿 Etiolation refers to rapid growth in dark places, leading to noticeable differences between etiolated and normally grown plants.
🌼 Gibberellin is a hormone that promotes cell elongation, seed germination, and flowering.
🌱 Cytokinins are hormones that inhibit apical dominance, allowing for the growth of lateral branches.
🍂 Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor that closes stomata, causes leaf abscission during drought, and is exemplified by the shedding of leaves in trees like the banyan.
🍌 Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that functions in fruit ripening.
🥥 A practical tip is given for ripening avocados faster by placing them with bananas and wrapping them in paper.
🌿 Kalin is a hormone that forms different organs in plants, including rhizokalin for root formation, antokalin for flower formation, and filokalin for leaf formation.

Q & A

What are the two types of plant hormones mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions two types of plant hormones: growth promoters and growth inhibitors.
Which hormones are classified as growth promoters in plants?
-Auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin are classified as growth promoters in plants.
What is the role of auxin in plant growth?
-Auxin is a growth promoter hormone that stimulates upward growth, is dominant at the apical growth of shoots and roots, and is usually found at the tips of roots and shoots.
How does light affect the growth of plants in relation to auxin?
-Light can inhibit the growth-promoting effects of auxin, causing slower growth on the side of the plant exposed to sunlight, which is due to the hormone being blocked by sunlight.
What is the term used to describe rapid growth in dark places?
-The term used to describe rapid growth in dark places is etiolation.
What is the function of gibberellin in plants?
-Gibberellin functions as a hormone that promotes cell elongation and encourages flowering and fruit development.
What is cytokinin and what is its role in plant growth?
-Cytokinin is a hormone that inhibits apical dominance, allowing for lateral growth and the formation of branches.
How can reducing auxin and increasing cytokinin affect the growth of a bonsai plant?
-Reducing auxin and increasing cytokinin can result in a bonsai plant that grows larger but remains small in stature, as it promotes branching and lateral growth.
What is abscisic acid and its role as a growth inhibitor?
-Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor hormone that inhibits seed germination, closes stomata, and causes leaf abscission during dry seasons.
What is the function of ethylene gas in plants?
-Ethylene gas functions as a hormone that promotes fruit ripening and abscission.
What is the tip given in the script for ripening avocados faster?
-The script suggests that ripening avocados faster can be achieved by placing them with bananas and wrapping them in paper.
What are the functions of the hormones mentioned at the end of the script, such as rhizokalin, antokalin, and filokalin?
-Rhizokalin is involved in root formation, antokalin in flower formation, and filokalin in leaf formation.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Plant Hormones: Growth and Regulation

This paragraph introduces the concept of phytohormones, which are crucial for plant growth and development. It distinguishes between two types of hormones: growth promoters and inhibitors. The paragraph explains the role of auxin, cytokinins, and gibberellins as growth promoters, and abscisic acid as a growth inhibitor. It also discusses the impact of light on the growth of plant stems, the phenomenon of phototropism, and the effect of auxin in promoting upward growth. Additionally, it covers the role of cytokinins in lateral growth and bud formation, and the use of these hormones in the cultivation of bonsai plants.

05:03

🍂 Hormonal Response to Environmental Stress in Plants

The second paragraph delves into the function of abscisic acid in stomatal closure and leaf shedding during drought, using the example of the teak tree. It also explains the role of ethylene as a ripening agent for fruits, with a practical tip on how wrapping bananas with paper can speed up the ripening of avocados. The paragraph further discusses the role of various plant hormones, including rhizokalins, antokalins, and filokalins, in the formation of roots, flowers, and leaves, respectively. The session concludes with a reminder to stay motivated and maintain health, ending with a traditional greeting.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Fitohormon

Fitohormon, also known as plant hormones, are naturally occurring organic compounds that influence growth and development in plants. They are central to the video's theme as they regulate various processes such as growth, flowering, and fruit ripening. In the script, fitohormons are discussed in relation to their roles as stimulators and inhibitors in plant growth.

💡Hormon Pemicu

Hormon pemicu, or growth stimulators, are a class of fitohormons that promote various aspects of plant growth. The video explains that auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin are examples of growth stimulators, which are essential for processes like cell elongation, bud development, and flowering.

💡Hormon Penghambat

Hormon penghambat, or growth inhibitors, are fitohormons that slow down or inhibit certain growth processes in plants. Abscisic acid is mentioned in the script as a growth inhibitor that can close stomata, inhibit seed germination, and cause leaf abscission during drought.

💡Auxin

Auxin is a type of growth stimulant fitohormon that plays a crucial role in cell elongation and the directional growth of plants towards light, a phenomenon known as phototropism. The script describes how auxin is influenced by sunlight and can affect the growth rate of plant parts exposed to light differently.

💡Etiolasi

Etiolasi refers to the rapid growth of plants in dark conditions, leading to elongated and weak stems. The video script uses this term to contrast normal growth with growth influenced by the absence of light, showing how auxin activity is affected in such conditions.

💡Gibberelin

Gibberelin is a growth stimulant fitohormon that promotes cell elongation and division, and encourages flowering. The script mentions gibberelin in the context of its role in the initial stages of germination and its impact on plant growth.

💡Cytokinin

Cytokinin is a growth stimulant fitohormon that inhibits apical dominance, allowing for the growth of lateral branches. The script suggests that increasing cytokinin levels in bonsai plants can promote branching and reduce the dominance of the main stem.

💡Abscisic Acid

Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor fitohormon that plays a role in closing stomata, inhibiting seed germination, and causing leaf drop during dry periods. The script uses abscisic acid as an example of how certain hormones can regulate plant responses to environmental stress.

💡Ethylene

Ethylene is a gaseous fitohormon that is involved in the ripening of fruits and the senescence of plant tissues. The script provides an example of how ethylene can be used to speed up the ripening process of avocados when they are wrapped with bananas, which also release ethylene.

💡Kalin

Kalin, or karrikin, is a group of fitohormones that includes rhizokalin, antokalin, and filokalin, which are involved in the formation of roots, flowers, and leaves, respectively. The script briefly introduces these hormones and their specific roles in plant organ development.

Highlights

Introduction to phytohormones and their impact on plant growth.

Explanation of two types of plant hormones: stimulators and inhibitors.

Auxin as a growth stimulant hormone, promoting upward growth and found at the tips of roots and shoots.

Auxin's response to sunlight, causing differential growth and phototropism.

Etiolation, the rapid growth of plants in dark conditions due to auxin activity.

Gibberellin's role in promoting cell division, elongation, and flowering.

Cytokinins' function in inhibiting apical dominance and promoting lateral growth and branching.

Practical tips for bonsai cultivation, including hormone management to control growth.

Abscisic acid as a growth inhibitor hormone, involved in seed dormancy and stomata closure.

Ethylene gas's role in fruit ripening and its practical application in accelerating avocado ripening.

Introduction of the hormone Karrikin, which forms roots in plants.

Antokalin's function in flower formation.

Filokalin's role in leaf formation.

The importance of understanding phytohormones for plant health and growth management.

Encouragement to stay motivated and maintain health in the study of biology.

Closing remarks with a reminder of the significance of phytohormones in plant biology.