SIKLUS SEL DAN TAHAPAN MITOSIS
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the cell cycle, explaining how cells divide through mitosis to enable growth and healing. It covers the stages of the cell cycle, including interphase with its G1, S, and G2 phases, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. The script then details the mitosis phase, consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, concluding with cytokinesis. The explanation is designed to clarify the process that allows organisms to develop and repair, emphasizing the continuous cycle of cell division until the organism dies.
Takeaways
- đ± The video discusses the cell cycle and its importance in growth and development, highlighting mitosis as a key process.
- đ It's recommended to watch the introductory video on mitosis for a better understanding of the current video's content.
- đ€° The script explains how a baby grows in the womb and how the body heals wounds through cell division, illustrating the continuous production of new cells.
- đ The cell cycle consists of two main phases: interphase, which is longer, and mitosis, which is shorter.
- đ Interphase is further divided into three stages: G1 (gap one), S (synthesis), and G2 (gap two), where the cell grows and prepares for division.
- 𧏠During the S phase, the cell replicates its DNA, ensuring each new cell will have a complete set of genetic information.
- đŹ In G2 phase, the nucleus is enveloped, and the centrosomes duplicate, preparing for the separation of chromosomes during mitosis.
- đ Mitosis is divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, each with specific cellular activities.
- 𧏠Anaphase is the shortest stage of mitosis, where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite ends of the cell.
- đïž Telophase sees the formation of two new nuclei, and the chromosomes decondense, marking the end of mitosis.
- đ§ Cytokinesis, the final step of the cell cycle, involves the division of the cytoplasm and the formation of two separate daughter cells.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the video script?
-The main topic of the video script is the cell cycle, specifically focusing on the process of mitosis and its stages.
What is mitosis and why is it important for the growth and development of an organism?
-Mitosis is the process of cell division where a single parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes. It is important for growth, development, and repair of tissues in an organism.
What are the two main phases of the cell cycle mentioned in the script?
-The two main phases of the cell cycle mentioned are Interphase and Mitosis.
What happens during Interphase in the cell cycle?
-During Interphase, the cell grows and prepares for division by producing proteins and organelles, synthesizing DNA, and duplicating centrosomes.
What are the three stages of Interphase and what occurs in each stage?
-The three stages of Interphase are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Gap 2). In G1, the cell grows and organizes its molecular structure. In S phase, the cell duplicates its DNA. In G2, the nucleus is enveloped, and the cell prepares for mitosis.
What is the role of centrosomes in cell division?
-Centrosomes play a crucial role in cell division by organizing the spindle fibers that help separate the chromosomes during mitosis.
What are the five stages of mitosis?
-The five stages of mitosis are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What occurs during prophase of mitosis?
-During prophase, the nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and spindle fibers begin to form.
What is the significance of the kinetochore in mitosis?
-The kinetochore is a protein structure on the centromere of a chromosome that attaches to spindle fibers, allowing the chromosomes to be pulled apart during cell division.
What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
-In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell, guided by the spindle fibers.
What is cytokinesis and when does it occur in the cell cycle?
-Cytokinesis is the process of cytoplasmic division that occurs after mitosis, resulting in two separate daughter cells. It typically happens at the end of telophase.
How does the cell cycle relate to the healing of wounds in the body?
-The cell cycle is crucial for wound healing as it allows for the production of new cells to replace damaged or lost tissue, thus facilitating the healing process.
What is the outcome of the cell cycle for the organism as a whole?
-The outcome of the cell cycle is the continuous production of new cells for growth, repair, and maintenance of the organism, which continues until the organism reaches senescence or death.
Outlines
đ± Introduction to the Cell Cycle and Mitosis
This paragraph introduces the concept of the cell cycle and mitosis. It begins by referencing a previous video on mitosis and encourages viewers to watch it for a better understanding. The script explains that cells continuously produce new cells through division, which is essential for growth and healing. It outlines the cell cycle, which includes the mitotic phase and the interphase, and mentions that mitosis is the shortest part of the cycle. The paragraph also touches on the purpose of the cell cycle, which is for the development and growth of cells themselves.
đŹ Detailed Explanation of the Cell Cycle Phases
This paragraph delves into the specifics of the cell cycle, including the stages of interphase and mitosis. Interphase is described as the growth phase of the cell where it prepares to divide by producing proteins and organelles. It is further divided into three stages: G1, S, and G2. The S phase is highlighted as the time when DNA replication occurs. The paragraph then transitions to the mitotic phase, detailing the five stages of mitosis: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. It explains the process of chromosome condensation, the formation of the mitotic spindle, and the eventual separation of sister chromatids. The paragraph concludes with cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, and the formation of two new cells, which then begin their own cell cycles.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄMitosis
đĄCell Cycle
đĄInterphase
đĄDNA Replication
đĄChromosomes
đĄCentromere
đĄSpindle Fibers
đĄKinetochore
đĄProphase
đĄMetaphase
đĄAnaphase
đĄTelophase
đĄCytokinesis
Highlights
Introduction to the concept of cell division through mitosis, a process previously discussed in a prior video.
The importance of watching the introductory mitosis video for a better understanding of the current content.
Exploration of the cell cycle and its relation to mitosis, suggesting a connection between the two processes.
The cell cycle's role in the growth and development of organisms, from fetus to healing wounds.
Description of the cell cycle's purpose for the development and growth of cells themselves.
Explanation of the cell cycle's phases, including mitosis and interphase.
Interphase being the longest phase of the cell cycle, preceding mitosis.
Division of interphase into three stages: G1, S, and G2, each with specific cellular activities.
G1 phase as a period of cell growth and preparation for DNA replication.
The S phase where DNA synthesis occurs, duplicating genetic material.
G2 phase as the final growth phase before mitosis, with the nucleus and centrosomes preparing for cell division.
Mitosis is divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Description of prophase, where chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Prometaphase involves the formation of the mitotic spindle and attachment to kinetochores.
Metaphase as the longest stage of mitosis, where chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
Anaphase, the shortest stage, where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles.
Telophase, where two new nuclei form and chromosomes decondense, followed by cytokinesis.
Cytokinesis as the final step of the cell cycle, dividing the cytoplasm and creating two daughter cells.
The daughter cells beginning a new cell cycle, continuing the cycle of growth and division.
The cell cycle's continuous nature until the organism experiences death.
Transcripts
halo biologers di video sebelumnya kita sudah mengenal tentang pembelahan secara mitosis Â
yang terjadi pada sel tubuh sudah ditontonkan? olive saranin kamu nonton dulu video pengenalan Â
mitosisnya agar pemahaman kamu lebih mantap saat nonton video ini. pada video kali ini kita akan Â
membahas tentang siklus sel Apa hubungannya ya sama mitosis penasarankan stay tune! teman-teman Â
pernah kepikiran nggak sih Bagaimana bayi dari ketika masih dalam kandungan bisa terus tumbuh Â
dan mengalami perubahan sampai menjadi bentuk manusia sempurna atau pada saat tubuh kita luka Â
Bagaimana sel-sel bekerja sehingga dapat menutupi luka tersebut peristiwa tersebut ternyata dapat Â
terjadi karena sel-sel terus memproduksi sel baru dengan cara membelah dirinya nah proses pembelahan Â
sel induk dan diakhiri dengan terbentuknya sel anak inilah yang dinamakan dengan siklus Â
sel sederhananya siklus sel ini bertujuan untuk perkembangan dan pertumbuhan sel itu sendiri oke Â
kita kan udah tahu nih Apa itu siklus sel kita akan membahas tentang tahapan-tahapan siklus Â
sel Tadi kan udah Olive bilang ya kalau salah satu tahap siklus sel itu adalah proses pembelahan sel Â
atau mitosis faktanya mitosis yang diakhiri dengan sitokinesis itu merupakan bagian terpendek dari Â
siklus sel lho mitosis bergantian dengan tahap yang lebih panjang yang disebut interfase Jadi Â
intinya siklus hal ini mengalami pergantian dua tahap inti yaitu interfase dan mitosis Â
apa itu interfase sebelum dijelasin Olive mau cerita dulu nih sebelum siklus sel dimulai Â
ternyata sel tersebut harus tumbuh dulu untuk menyalin DNA sehingga dapat membelah dirinya Â
menjadi dua Nah fase tumbuh inilah yang dinamakan dengan interfase untuk lebih Â
jelasnya mengenai tahapan ini yuk kita simak penjelasan selanjutnya interfase dapat dibagi Â
menjadi tiga fase fase G1 atau gap satu fase S atau sintesis dan fase G2 atau Gap 2 selama ketiga Â
fase interfase tersebut sebenarnya sel aktif tumbuh dengan memproduksi protein sitoplasma Â
termasuk organel seperti mitokondria dan retikulum endoplasma pada fase G1 atau bab 1 sel tumbuh dan Â
membentuk dinding molekuler pada fase sintesis sel mensintesis salinan DNA dalam nukleusnya Â
pada fase G2 atau G2 nukleus sudah dibungkus oleh selaput nukleus atau nuclear envelope Â
nukleus mengandung satu atau lebih nukleolus dua sentrosom telah dibentuk oleh duplikasi Â
sentrosom tunggal setiap sentrosom mengandung dua sentriol yang berfungsi untuk memisahkan Â
DNA selama fase mitosis Nah pada fase ini kromosom belum terlihat secara individual Â
karena belum terkondensasi Oke setelah fase G2 sel siap untuk memasuki fase M atau fase mitosis Â
mitosis sendiri terbagi ke dalam lima fase yaitu profase prometafase metafase anafase dan telofase Â
kemudian diakhiri dengan pembelahan sitoplasma yaitu sitokinensis tahapan mitosis yang pertama Â
adalah profase pada tahap ini nukleolus menghilang benang-benang kromatin sudah Â
terkondensasi menjadi kromosom dan dapat dilihat oleh mikroskop cahaya setiap kromosom terduplikasi Â
menjadi dua kromatid identik yang tersambung pada sentromernya dan sepanjang lengannya oleh Â
kohesin gelendong yang terdiri atas sentrosom dan mikrotubulus mulai terbentuk sentrosom Â
sentrosom bergerak saling menjauh karena didorong oleh mikrotubulus yang memanjang diantaranya Â
selanjutnya adalah prometafase pada fase ini selaput nukleus terfragmentasi dan mikrotubulus Â
yang menjulur dari sentrosom dapat memasuki wilayah nukleus kromosom semakin terkondensasi Â
dan masing-masing kromatid kini memiliki kinetokor yaitu struktur protein yang terletak Â
pada sentromer beberapa mikrotubulus ada yang melekat pada kinetokor ini disebut mikrotubulus Â
kinetokor inilah yang menarik kromosom sedangkan mikrotubulus non kinetokor dapat berinteraksi Â
dengan sejenisnya dari kutub yang berseberangan jadi semua mikrotubulus nya dapat pasangan ya Â
gak ada yang jomblo kayak kamu Ups nah next ada metafase yaitu fase mitosis yang paling lama Â
berlangsung sekitar 20 menit open Hai pada fase ini sentrosom berada pada kutub berseberangan Â
kromosom berjajar pada lempeng metafase jadi di tengah-tengah gitu guys setiap kromosom Â
kinetokor kromatid saudara melekat ke mikrotubulus kinetokor dari kutub berseberangan lanjut yaitu Â
tahapan anafase ini tahapan paling pendek guys cuma beberapa menit aja anafase dimulai ketika Â
protein kohesin terbelah dan membuat Kedua kromatid saudara berpisah secara tiba-tiba Â
setiap kromatid memadat menjadi satu kromosom utuh kedua kromosom anakan mulai bergerak ke arah ujung Â
sel yang berlawanan saat mikrotubulus kinetokor memendek karena mikrotubulus melekat ke sentromer Â
kromosom bergerak ke arah sentromer terlebih dahulu sel akan memanjang saat mikrotubulus Â
non kinetokor memanjang pada akhir anafase kedua ujung sel memiliki koleksi kromosom yang sama dan Â
lengkap Nah akhirnya tahapan terakhir pada mitosis yaitu tahapan telofase pada tahap ini dua nukleus Â
anakan terbentuk dalam sel selaput nukleus muncul dari fragmen-fragmen selaput nukleus Â
sel induk nukleolus muncul kembali dan kromosom menjadi kurang terkondensasi akhirnya guys yang Â
terakhir di siklus sel yaitu sitokinesis yaitu pembelahan sitoplasma biasanya berlangsung pada Â
saat akhir telofase sehingga kedua sel anak muncul tak lama setelah mitosis berakhir pada Â
sel hewan sitokinesis melibatkan pembentukan lekukan penyibakan yang membagi sel menjadi Â
dua Nah guys fetelah semua proses berakhir sel anakan yang baru terbentuk tadi akan memulai Â
hidup baru eh maksudnya akan memulai siklus baru nya sendiri yaitu siklus yang sama yang Â
dialami oleh induknya Terharu ya guys dan begitu seterusnya siklus sel akan terjadi Â
sampai makhluk hidup yang bersangkutan mengalami kematian Jadi gimana guys udah paham kan Jika Â
ada yang masih bingung atau ada penjelasan Olive yang kurang dimengerti boleh ditulis Â
di kolom komentar ya udah ada segitu penjelasan dari Olive tentang siklus sel semoga bermanfaat
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