KEKUASAAN REPUBLIK BATAAF DI INDONESIA | Sejarah Indonesia Kelas 11 - Video Pembelajaran
Summary
TLDRThis historical video script delves into the Dutch East India Company's (VOC) eventual dissolution in 1878 and the subsequent colonial governance by the Batavian Republic. It discusses the French invasion of the Netherlands, leading to the formation of the Batavian Republic under Louis Napoleon. The script highlights the political impact on Indonesia, the appointment of Herman Willem Daendels as the Governor-General, and his efforts to modernize and secure Java against British invasions. Daendels' policies in defense, administration, and socio-economic reforms are covered, along with the challenges faced by his successor, Jan Willem Janssens, culminating in the British conquest of Batavia in 1811 and the signing of the Treaty of Tuntang, marking the Dutch defeat and the transfer of Java to British control.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was officially disbanded on December 31, 1878, but this did not end Dutch colonialism and imperialism in Indonesia.
- 🇳🇱 In 1795, French forces invaded the Netherlands, leading to the formation of the Batavian Republic under the leadership of Louis Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte's brother.
- 👑 King William V fled to England, where he issued orders through 'Kew Letters', instructing the Dutch to surrender territories to the British instead of the French.
- 🏰 The British swiftly took control of several territories in Indonesia, including Padang, Ambon, and Aceh, and strengthened their military presence to blockade Batavia.
- 🛡️ The Batavian Republic sought to take over all former VOC territories in the Indonesian archipelago to protect them from British attacks.
- 🔑 Louis Napoleon appointed Herman Willem Daendels, a young revolutionary, as the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1808 to 1811, with the main task of preventing British control over Java.
- 🛠️ Daendels implemented policies in defense, security, politics, and social-economic fields, aiming to eliminate feudalism and make the Indonesian society more dynamic and productive.
- 🛤️ One of Daendels' most famous policies was the construction of a 1100 km long road, stretching from Anyer in Banten to Panarukan in East Java.
- 👥 Daendels' policies, particularly the forced labor for road and base construction, led to suffering and impoverishment among the Indonesian people, with many casualties.
- 🏛️ In politics and governance, Daendels reformed the administrative structure, moved the capital from Batavia to Weltevreden (now Menteng, Jakarta), and established courts and regional divisions.
- 💼 Economically, Daendels introduced policies to improve the Dutch government's finances, such as issuing paper money, forming a financial supervisory board, and increasing taxes on private individuals.
- 🏆 Daendels' tenure was marked by authoritarian rule and heavy-handedness, which led to his eventual removal from the position of Governor-General.
Q & A
What was the significance of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) being dissolved on December 31, 1878?
-The dissolution of the VOC marked the end of the Dutch colonial and imperialistic practices in Indonesia, and it led to the governance of Indonesia under the influence of the Batavian Republic.
Why did the French invasion of the Netherlands in 1795 lead to the establishment of the Batavian Republic?
-The French invasion prompted a group known as the 'patriots' who desired a unified Netherlands. This resulted in the formation of the Batavian Republic under the leadership of Louis Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte's brother.
How did the political developments in the Netherlands affect the political situation in Indonesia?
-The political changes in the Netherlands, particularly the establishment of the Batavian Republic, influenced the political situation in Indonesia, leading to the Dutch East Indies coming under the control of the new republic.
What was the main task of Herman Willem Daendels during his tenure as Governor-General in Indonesia from 1808 to 1811?
-Daendels' main task was to defend the island of Java from British control and to eliminate feudalism, making the Indonesian society more dynamic and productive for the benefit of the Batavian Republic.
What was the impact of Daendels' policies on the defense and security of Java?
-Daendels implemented policies such as increasing the number of native troops, forming the Mangkunegara Legion, building new defense fortresses, and establishing naval bases to strengthen Java's defense against British attacks.
What is the significance of the road built by Daendels, stretching over 1100 km from Anyer, Banten to Panarukan, East Java?
-The road built by Daendels was a significant infrastructure project aimed at improving connectivity and facilitating the movement of troops and resources across the island, which was crucial for defense and administration.
How did Daendels' policies in the field of politics and governance change his image among the people?
-Initially seen as a young, democratic, and revolutionary leader, Daendels' image changed to that of a dictator due to his forced labor policies for road and base construction, which brought suffering and poverty to the Indonesian people.
What administrative changes did Daendels implement to streamline the governance of the Dutch East Indies?
-Daendels restructured the administration by forming the Secretariat of State, moving the capital from Batavia to Weltevreden (now Menteng, Jakarta), establishing courts in Batavia and Surabaya, and reorganizing the territory into 23 larger regions called 'keresidenan' and several 'kabupaten'.
What were the economic policies of Daendels aimed at improving the Dutch government's finances?
-Daendels implemented policies such as issuing paper money, forming a financial supervisory board, collecting taxes from private individuals, increasing the cultivation of profitable crops, and compelling the population to sell their produce on the world market.
What was the consequence of Daendels' land sale policy, and how did it affect his tenure as Governor-General?
-Daendels' policy of selling land to private parties, including Chinese and Arab individuals, was controversial as the proceeds were used to enrich himself. This led to his dismissal from the position of Governor-General.
What happened to the Dutch East Indies after the British attacked Batavia in 1811, and how did it affect the Dutch control over the region?
-After the British attack on Batavia in 1811, the Dutch forces under Jan Willem Janssens were unable to defend the city, leading to its capture by the British. This resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Tuntang, where the Dutch acknowledged their defeat and handed over control of Java and surrounding areas to the British.
Outlines
🏛️ The Rise of the Batavian Republic and Its Impact on Indonesia
The script discusses the historical context of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and its official dissolution on December 31, 1878. It then transitions to the emergence of the Batavian Republic, which was established after French forces invaded the Netherlands in 1795. The Batavian Republic, led by Louis Napoleon, influenced Indonesian politics as the Dutch government came under its rule. The script highlights the appointment of Herman Willem Daendels as the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, outlining his mission to secure Java from British invasion and his efforts to eliminate feudalism, modernize the society, and boost productivity for the benefit of the Batavian Republic. It also mentions Daendels' implementation of various policies in defense, security, and governance, including the construction of a major road network spanning over 1100 km.
🛠️ Daendels' Reforms and Their Consequences
This paragraph delves into the political and administrative reforms introduced by Daendels, such as the establishment of the State Secretariat to streamline administration, the relocation of the government center from Batavia to Weltevreden (now Menteng, Jakarta), and the restructuring of Java into 23 larger administrative regions called 'residencies' and further divided into districts. Daendels also reformed the judicial system by creating three types of courts for different groups and implemented measures to combat corruption. His economic policies aimed at improving the Dutch government's finances after the VOC's losses, including issuing paper money, forming a financial supervisory board, and increasing taxes on private individuals. Additionally, he introduced policies to boost agricultural production for global markets and forced the sale of land to Chinese and Arab private parties. Despite his initial image as a young, democratic, and revolutionary leader, Daendels' heavy-handed approach and self-enrichment through land sales led to his eventual dismissal.
🏹 The British Occupation and the End of Dutch Rule in Indonesia
The final paragraph of the script describes the British occupation of Indonesia following the Dutch defeat. It recounts the events leading to the British control of Batavia on August 26, 1811, after the failed defense by Jan Willem Janssens, who was appointed by Louis Napoleon to replace Daendels. The British forces, led by Johnson, pushed back the Mangkunegara Legion, which was formed by Daendels, and eventually forced the signing of the Treaty of Surrender in Semarang on September 18, 1811. This treaty acknowledged the Dutch defeat and ceded control of Java and surrounding areas to the British, marking the end of Dutch rule in Indonesia at that time. The script concludes by inviting viewers to stay tuned for the next video, which will discuss the British era in Indonesia.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡VOC
💡Republik Bataaf
💡Herman Willem Daendels
💡Patriot
💡Feudalism
💡Mangkunegara
💡Corruption
💡Janssens
💡Treaty of Paris (1814)
💡British Occupation
Highlights
The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was officially dissolved on December 31, 1878.
The dissolution of VOC did not end Dutch colonialism and imperialism in Indonesia, as the Batavian Republic took over governance.
The French invasion of the Netherlands in 1795 led to the formation of the Batavian Republic under the leadership of Louis Napoleon.
The Batavian Republic's political developments influenced the political situation in Indonesia, leading to Dutch governance under its rule.
King William V fled to England, issuing orders through 'Kew Letters' to cede Dutch territories to England instead of France.
The British quickly took control of several territories in Indonesia, including Padang, Ambon, and Aceh, to strengthen their blockade of Batavia.
The Batavian Republic sought to take over all former VOC territories in the Nusantara Islands to protect them from British attacks.
Herman Willem Daendels was appointed as the Governor-General to lead the Dutch administration in Indonesia from 1808 to 1811.
Daendels' main task was to prevent Java from being controlled by the British and to eliminate feudalism to invigorate the Indonesian society.
Daendels implemented policies in defense, security, politics, and social and economic governance to serve the Batavian Republic's interests.
He increased the native troop numbers, established the Mangkunegara Legion, and built new defense forts, including Fort Cornelis.
Daendels is most famous for constructing a 1100 km long highway from Anyer, Banten to Panarukan, East Java.
His policies changed his image from a democratic and revolutionary leader to a dictator, especially due to forced labor for infrastructure projects.
Daendels made significant administrative reforms, including the establishment of the State Secretariat and the relocation of the government center from Batavia to Weltevreden.
He restructured the Javanese administration into 23 larger regions called 'Keresidenan' and further divided them into several regencies and prefectures.
Daendels introduced a three-tiered judicial system for Europeans, foreign Asians, and the indigenous population, and anti-corruption regulations.
Economic policies under Daendels aimed to improve the Dutch government's finances, including issuing paper money and increasing private taxation.
Daendels' tenure was marked by forcing the population to contribute to the state's wealth, including selling land to Chinese and Arab private parties.
Daendels' self-enrichment through land sales led to his dismissal from the position of Governor-General.
Jan Willem Janssens was appointed to replace Daendels, aiming to continue defending Java against British attacks and addressing the aftermath of Daendels' rule.
Janssens was unable to make significant progress, and the British successfully invaded Batavia on August 4, 1811.
The Dutch forces, including the Mangkunegara Legion, could not repel the British, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Tuntang on September 18, 1811.
The treaty marked Dutch defeat and the cession of Java and surrounding areas to the British, with Dutch troops becoming prisoners and Dutch civilians allowed to serve in the British administration.
Transcripts
Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh Selamat datang di video
sejarah dinasti di video sebelumnya
tentang kekuasaan VOC di Indonesia kita
sudah membahas bahwa VOC akhirnya secara
resmi dibubarkan pada tanggal 31
Desember 1878 dan muncul dibubarkannya
VOC oleh kerajaan Belanda tidak
menghentikan praktik kolonialisme dan
imperialisme di Indonesia selanjutnya
pemerintahan Indonesia dibawah pengaruh
Republik Bataaf Jadi sekarang kita akan
membahas masa kekuasaan Republik Bataaf
di Indonesia Apa itu Republik Bataaf
simak terus ya videonya pada awal tahun
1795 pasukan Perancis menyerbu Belanda
muncul kelompok dari Perancis yang
disebut kaum patriot yang menghendaki
Belanda
menjadi negara kesatuan hal ini membuat
Raja Willem 5 melarikan diri ke Inggris
dan Belanda pun berhasil dikuasai oleh
Perancis di Belanda Perancis kemudian
membentuk pemerintahan baru bernama
Republik Bataaf Republik Bataaf dipimpin
oleh Louis Napoleon adik dari Napoleon
Bonaparte perkembangan politik di
Belanda ini mempengaruhi kondisi politik
di Indonesia akhirnya pemerintahan
Indonesia pun dibawah kekuasaan Republik
Bataaf Raja Willem 5 yang telah
melarikan diri ke Inggris tepatnya di
kotakeo mengeluarkan perintah melalui
surat perintah itu dikenal dengan
istilah surat-surat Kew yang berisi
perintah kepada Belanda agar menyerahkan
wilayah Belanda kepada Inggris bukan
kepada Perancis pihak Inggris
on bertindak cepat dengan mengambil alih
beberapa wilayah di Indonesia seperti
Padang Ambon Aceh dan mulai memperkuat
armadanya untuk memblokade wilayah
Batavia Republik Bataaf tidak tinggal
diam dan ingin segera mengambil alih
seluruh daerah bekas kekuasaan VOC di
Kepulauan Nusantara untuk mempertahankan
kepulauan nusantara dari serangan
Inggris Louis Napoleon pemimpin Republik
Bataaf menunjuk seseorang yang kuat dari
kaum Patriot untuk memimpin pemerintahan
Belanda di Indonesia pemimpin tersebut
bernama Herman Willem Daendels seorang
tokoh muda yang revolusioner
pemerintahan Daendels sebagai Gubernur
Jendral di Indonesia berlangsung dari
tahun 1808 sampai dengan 1811 tugas
utamanya
adalah mempertahankan pulau jawa agar
tidak dikuasai oleh Inggris dan dells
berusaha untuk menghapus feodalisme dan
menjadikan masyarakat Indonesia lebih
dinamis dan produktif hal ini
dilakukannya demi kepentingan Republik
Bataaf selama masa pemerintahannya dan
Daus telah banyak mengeluarkan kebijakan
dalam bidang pertahanan keamanan politik
dan pemerintahan tradyl and serta sosial
ekonomi kita bahas satu persatu ya untuk
mempertahankan Jawa dari serangan
Inggris Gubernur Jenderal Daendels
menerapkan beberapa kebijakan dalam
bidang pertahanan dan keamanan seperti
memperbanyak jumlah pasukan yang diambil
dari orang pribumi sebanyak 18000 orang
membentuk legiun Mangkunegara yaitu
sebuah Angkatan Bersenjata yang
tepung bekas pasukan pasukan perang
membangun benteng-benteng pertahanan
baru salah satunya benteng mester
Cornelis membangun pangkalan angkatan
laut atau Pelabuhan militer di
ujungkulon Merak dan Surabaya kebijakan
Daendels yang paling terkenal adalah
membangun jalan raya sepanjang kurang
lebih 1100 KM mulai dari Anyer Provinsi
Banten sampai dengan Panarukan Jawa
Timur
Hai kebijakan-kebijakan dalam bidang
pertahanan keamanan ini telah mengubah
Citra Gubernur Daendels di mata rakyat
dendels yang awalnya dianggap sebagai
pemimpin muda yang demokratis dan
revolusioner berubah menjadi pemimpin
yang diktator Terutama ketika Daendels
mengerahkan rakyat Indonesia untuk kerja
rodi membangun jalan dan pangkalan hal
ini telah membawa penderitaan dan
kemiskinan bagi rakyat Indonesia bahkan
banyak korban berjatuhan Pada masa itu
Sedangkan dalam bidang politik dan
pemerintahan Daendels membuat beberapa
kebijakan seperti membentuk Sekretariat
Negara untuk membereskan masalah
administrasi memindahkan pusat
pemerintahan dari Batavia ke weltevreden
Yang sekarang kita kenal dengan daerah
Menteng Jakarta membentuk kantor
pengadilan
di Batavia dan Surabaya mengganti
raja-raja yang dianggap menghalangi
kepentingan Belanda mengangkat bupati
sebagai pegawai pemerintahan kolonial
yang dibayar membagi pulau Jawa menjadi
23 wilayah besar yang disebut
keresidenan satu keresidenan dibagi lagi
menjadi beberapa kabupaten merombak
provinsi Jawa pantai timur laut menjadi
lima prefektur atau wilayah yang
memiliki otoritas dan 38 Kabupaten
terkait ini maka Kerajaan Banten dan
Cirebon dihapus karena daerahnya
dinyatakan sebagai wilayah pemerintahan
kolonial Daendels juga membuat
kebijakan-kebijakan dalam bidang
peradilan seperti membentuk tiga jenis
peradilan yaitu peradilan untuk orang
Eropa peradilan untuk orang timur asing
dan peradilan
Hai untuk orang pribumi membuat
peraturan untuk memberantas korupsi
tanpa pandang bulu pemberantasan korupsi
ini dilakukan kepada siapa saja termasuk
orang-orang Eropa dan timur asing untuk
kebijakan dalam bidang sosial dan
ekonomi kebijakan Gubernur Daendels
ditujukan untuk memperbaiki keuangan
pemerintahan Belanda akibat kerugian VOC
dendels menerapkan kebijakan yang bisa
mendatangkan keuntungan besar bagi
pemerintahan Belanda seperti
mengeluarkan uang kertas membentuk dewan
pengawas keuangan melakukan pemungutan
pajak kepada swasta meningkatkan
penanaman tanaman yang hasilnya laku di
pasaran dunia mewajibkan rakyat untuk
menyerahkan hasil pertaniannya menjual
tanah-tanah kepada pihak swasta Tionghoa
dan Arab
di masa pemerintahan Gubernur Jenderal
Daendels hanya berlangsung tiga tahun
dalam menjalankan pemerintahannya
Daendels sering memaksakan kehendak
kepada penduduk maupun rekan sebangsanya
Daendels juga Tidak segan memberikan
hukuman berat kepada pegawai Kesalahan
terbesar yang dilakukan Daendels adalah
menjual tanah-tanah kepada pihak swasta
dan hasil penjualan tanah tersebut
digunakan Daendels untuk memperkaya diri
sendiri akibatnya dan Doors ditarik dari
jabatannya sebagai gubernur jenderal
setelah Daendels turun dari jabatannya
Louis Napoleon kemudian menunjuk
Jenderal Jan Willem janssens untuk
menggantikan posisi dan Doors janssens
adalah seorang politikus berkebangsaan
Belanda yang awalnya menjabat sebagai
Gubernur Jendral di wilayah Afrika
selatan pada tahun 1866 jason's Terusir
karena wilayahnya jatuh ke tangan
Inggris janssens ditugaskan ke Indonesia
mulai tahun 1811 untuk terus
mempertahankan Jawa dari serangan
Inggris dan berusaha memperbaiki keadaan
wilayah yang ditinggalkan oleh Daendels
Namun ternyata janssens tidak bisa
berbuat banyak seperti yang diharapkan
oleh pemerintahan Republik Bataaf
akibatnya serangan pasukan Inggris di
Batavia pada tanggal 4 Agustus 1811
tidak dapat ditahan oleh pasukan
janssens akhirnya pada tanggal 26
Agustus 1811 Batavia berhasil dikuasai
oleh Inggris pasukan johnsons mundur
sampai ke Semarang dan meminta bantuan
legiun Mangkunegara sebuah angkatan
aja tayang dibentuk Daendels untuk
memukul mundur Inggris sayangnya pasukan
Inggris lebih kuat Inggris berhasil
mengalahkan pasukan janssens di daerah
Tuntang Salatiga pada tanggal 18
September 1860 paksa menandatangani
perjanjian Tuntang melalui perjanjian
Tuntang Belanda mengakui kekalahannya
kepada Inggris perjanjian tersebut
berisi pulau Jawa dan daerah sekitarnya
yang dikuasai Belanda diserahkan kepada
Inggris semua tentara Belanda menjadi
tawanan Inggris orang-orang Belanda
dapat dipekerjakan dalam pemerintahan
Inggris Nah karena Belanda Sudah kalah
dari Inggris jadi di video selanjutnya
kita akan membahas masa kekuasaan
Inggris di Indonesia tunggu terus ya
video selanjutnya jangan lupa
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