First Anglo Maratha War in Hindi | Treaty of Salbai UPSC | Treaty of Purandar | Treaty of Surat

Summary

This historical narrative delves into the intricate power dynamics and political maneuvers in the Maratha Empire during the late 18th century. It discusses the aftermath of the Third Battle of Panipat, the rise and fall of Peshwas, and the complex interplay between Madhavrao, Narayanrao, and the British East India Company. The script explores the Treaty of Salbai, the Anglo-Maratha wars, and the pivotal Treaty of Purandar, highlighting key figures like Mahadji Shinde and the cunning strategies employed amidst shifting alliances and betrayals.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Third Battle of Panipat occurred in January 1761, resulting in a significant defeat for the Marathas.
• 🛡️ After the battle, Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao passed away, and his 16-year-old son Madhavrao became the Peshwa.
• 🗡️ Madhavrao, despite his young age, proved to be an excellent administrator and restored the Maratha Empire's power within three years.
• 🚫 Raghunath Rao constantly plotted to become Peshwa and was eventually placed under house arrest by Madhavrao.
• 💔 Madhavrao died of tuberculosis in 1772, leading to a decline in the Maratha Empire's strength.
• 🔪 Raghunath Rao orchestrated the assassination of Peshwa Narayan Rao in 1773 to seize power.
• 👶 After Narayan Rao's assassination, his son Sawai Madhavrao was declared Peshwa under the influence of Nana Fadnavis and the Barbhai Council.
• 🛑 Raghunath Rao sought British support to become Peshwa, leading to the First Anglo-Maratha War.
• 🕊️ The Treaty of Salbai (1782) ended the war, recognizing Sawai Madhavrao as Peshwa and ensuring the return of territories captured by the British.
• 🤝 The treaty also stipulated that the Marathas would not ally with any enemies of the British, including Raghunath Rao, and granted him a pension.

Q & A

What significant event is discussed in the script that took place in January 1761?

The script discusses the Third Battle of Panipat in January 1761, where the Marathas were defeated.

Who was Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao, and what happened to him after the battle?

Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao was a prominent leader of the Marathas. After the Third Battle of Panipat, he passed away, leaving the Peshwa's throne vacant.

Who succeeded Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao, and what was his age at the time of his ascension?

Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao's son, Madhavrao I, succeeded him at the age of sixteen.

How did Madhavrao I recover from the losses of the Third Battle of Panipat?

Madhavrao I proved to be an excellent administrator and quickly recovered from the losses of the Third Battle of Panipat, restoring Maratha power and prestige.

What was the role of Raghunath Rao in the political scenario after Madhavrao I's death?

Raghunath Rao was involved in plotting against Madhavrao I and later, after Madhavrao's death, he was imprisoned by the Maratha confidants to control the situation.

Who was Narayan Rao, and what happened to him?

Narayan Rao was Madhavrao I's brother who became the Peshwa after Madhavrao's death. However, he was murdered by his uncle, Raghunath Rao, in 1773.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Salbai?

The Treaty of Salbai was significant as it marked the recognition of the Marathas by the British East India Company and established peace between the two powers.

What was the First Anglo-Maratha War, and what were its outcomes?

The First Anglo-Maratha War was a conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire from 1775 to 1782. The war ended with the Treaty of Salbai, which recognized the Maratha Peshwa and restored territories.

Who was Mahadji Shinde, and what was his role in the war against the British?

Mahadji Shinde was a prominent Maratha general who played a crucial role in the war against the British, particularly in the Battle of Wadgaon, where he defeated the British forces.

What was the impact of the Treaty of Purandar on the Maratha Empire?

The Treaty of Purandar was a peace treaty signed between the Marathas and the British, which resulted in the Marathas ceding territory and paying a war indemnity, significantly weakening their position.

What was the significance of the Battle of Kharda in the script?

The Battle of Kharda was a significant event where the British forces were defeated and forced to surrender, leading to the Treaty of Wadgaon and the return of territories to the Marathas.