Sea Level Change and Ozone Depletion
Summary
TLDRThe lecture addresses critical global environmental issues: sea level change and ozone layer depletion. It explains sea level change as the fluctuation of Earth's oceanic water levels influenced by factors like polar ice melting, glaciers, and thermal expansion due to global warming. The talk highlights the accelerated rate of sea level rise since the Industrial Revolution and its socio-economic impacts, including coastal erosion and displacement of communities. It also discusses ozone depletion, primarily caused by human activities releasing chemicals like CFCs and halons, leading to increased UV radiation, which poses threats to human health and ecosystems.
Takeaways
- đ Sea level change refers to the variation in the Earth's oceanic water levels over time, influenced by factors such as polar ice caps, glaciers, and thermal expansion due to global warming.
- đ Global average sea level has risen significantly since 1880, with a record high set in 2022, and the rate of increase is accelerating, posing threats to coastal communities and infrastructure.
- đĄïž Climate change is a primary driver of sea level change, with rising global temperatures leading to the melting of ice caps and glaciers, contributing to sea level rise.
- đ Human activities, such as deforestation and construction of dams, indirectly impact glaciation and sea level change by contributing to global warming.
- đïž Coastal erosion, increased flooding, and loss of coastal habitats are some of the direct consequences of rising sea levels, affecting biodiversity and human settlements.
- đ§ The melting of Arctic sea ice is emphasized as a significant cause of sea level rise, with floating ice contributing to the increase and impacting ocean circulation patterns.
- đ Ozone layer depletion, caused by the release of chemicals containing chlorine or bromine, is another critical environmental issue linked to increased UV radiation and climate change.
- âïž The Montreal Protocol, an international agreement aimed at halting the production and use of ozone-depleting chemicals, has been instrumental in addressing this issue.
- đ Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion has direct and indirect health impacts, including skin cancer, cataracts, and respiratory conditions.
- đ ïž Human-made chemicals such as CFCs, Halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are identified as leading factors in ozone layer depletion.
- đł The ozone layer acts as Earth's natural sunscreen, and its depletion leads to ecosystem disruptions and increased UV radiation, affecting both human health and the environment.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the lecture?
-The main topic of the lecture is sea level change and ozone layer depletion, which are important global environmental issues.
What does sea level change refer to?
-Sea level change refers to the variation in the average level of the Earth's oceanic water over time, influenced by factors such as polar ice caps, glaciers, and thermal expansion of seawater due to global warming.
What are the consequences of sea level change for coastal communities?
-The consequences of sea level change for coastal communities include erosion, flooding, displacement of communities, and inundation, which can impact social life activities and local economies.
How much has the global average sea level risen since 1880?
-The global average sea level has risen 8 to 9 inches (21 to 24 cm) since 1880.
What is the rate of global sea level rise from 2006 to 2015?
-The rate of global sea level rise from 2006 to 2015 is 0.14 inches per year, which is more than double the rate of 0.06 inches per year throughout most of the 20th century.
What is the Montreal Protocol and its significance?
-The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement ratified in 1987 aimed at halting the production and use of ozone-depleting chemicals, which is significant in addressing ozone layer depletion.
What are the main human activities contributing to sea level change?
-Human activities contributing to sea level change include industrial activities leading to global warming, deforestation, groundwater extraction, and construction of dams and reservoirs.
How does the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers contribute to sea level rise?
-The melting of polar ice caps and glaciers contributes to sea level rise by adding a significant amount of fresh water to the oceans, increasing the overall volume of water.
What is the impact of ozone layer depletion on human health?
-Ozone layer depletion leads to increased UV radiation, which can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and other health issues such as respiratory conditions and premature aging of the skin.
What are some of the chemicals responsible for ozone layer depletion?
-Chemicals responsible for ozone layer depletion include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and nitrous oxide (N2O), which release chlorine or bromine atoms that destroy ozone molecules.
What is the role of the ozone layer in the Earth's environment?
-The ozone layer acts as Earth's natural sunscreen, protecting life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Depletion of this layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, leading to various environmental and health issues.
Outlines
đ Sea Level Change and Its Impacts
The speaker expresses gratitude for the opportunity to discuss the critical global issue of sea level change. Sea level change is defined as the variation in Earth's oceanic water levels over time, influenced by factors such as polar ice caps, glaciers, and thermal expansion due to global warming. The speaker highlights the social and environmental impacts, including erosion, flooding, and displacement of communities. Notably, the global average sea level has risen significantly since the Industrial Revolution, with an accelerating rate of increase. Data from www.climate.gov illustrates the progressive change in sea levels, indicating a potential for future challenges.
đ Causes of Sea Level Change and Climate Change
This paragraph delves into the primary drivers of sea level change, emphasizing climate change and its effects on ice caps and glaciers. Human activities, such as deforestation and construction, indirectly impact glaciation, increasing the risk of melting. The speaker also discusses glacial isostatic adjustment and changes in ocean circulation, which can redistribute water and affect sea levels regionally. The melting of Arctic sea ice is particularly concerning, as it contributes to sea level rise and alters the albedo effect, further exacerbating global warming. The impacts of sea level rise, such as coastal erosion, flooding, and ecosystem loss, are significant and threaten both local communities and biodiversity.
đïž Socioeconomic and Environmental Ramifications of Sea Level Rise
The speaker outlines the socioeconomic and environmental challenges posed by sea level rise, including the displacement of communities and the potential loss of freshwater resources. The intrusion of saltwater into coastal aquifers and freshwater systems threatens drinking water supplies, while ecosystem loss can disrupt aquatic life and coastal habitats. The economic impact of sea level rise is also significant, affecting industries such as tourism, fisheries, agriculture, and real estate, and leading to increased insurance costs and infrastructure damage. The speaker also addresses the challenges of relocating and rehabilitating displaced populations.
đ Ozone Layer Depletion and Its Consequences
The final paragraph shifts focus to the issue of ozone layer depletion, caused by the release of chemical compounds containing chlorine or bromine from human activities. The thinning of the ozone layer is most pronounced over the polar regions, particularly Antarctica. The speaker connects ozone depletion to increased ultraviolet radiation, which poses health risks such as skin cancer and cataracts, and can also disrupt ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol is mentioned as an international effort to halt the production of ozone-depleting substances. The speaker concludes by discussing the role of the ozone layer as Earth's natural sunscreen and the importance of protecting it to mitigate the harmful effects of increased UV radiation.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄSea Level Change
đĄOzone Layer Depletion
đĄGlobal Warming
đĄPolar Ice Caps
đĄThermal Expansion
đĄCoastal Erosion
đĄClimate Change
đĄGlacial Isostatic Adjustment
đĄOcean Currents
đĄMontreal Protocol
đĄUV Radiation
Highlights
Sea level change and ozone layer depletion are important global issues impacting the environment and future planning.
Sea level change refers to variations in Earth's oceanic water levels over time, influenced by factors like polar ice caps, glaciers, and thermal expansion.
Global average sea level has risen 8-9 cm since 1880, with most of the increase occurring after the Industrial Revolution.
The rate of global sea level rise is accelerating, more than doubling from 0.06 mm/year in the 20th century to 0.14 mm/year from 2006-2015.
Melting of polar ice caps and glaciers contributes significantly to sea level rise due to human activities like deforestation and construction of dams.
Glacial isostatic adjustment in regions like North America and Scandinavia impacts sea levels as the land rebounds from ice removal.
Changes in ocean circulation patterns, like the Gulf Stream, can redistribute water and affect regional sea levels.
Melting Arctic sea ice contributes to sea level rise and increased absorption of sunlight by darker ocean water, further contributing to warming.
Rising sea levels lead to coastal erosion, increased flooding, and loss of coastal habitats, impacting biodiversity and ecosystems.
Saltwater intrusion from sea level rise can contaminate coastal aquifers and freshwater systems, affecting drinking water supplies.
Ozone layer depletion, caused by chemicals like CFCs and halons, allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health risks.
The Montreal Protocol, ratified in 1987, aimed to halt the production and use of ozone-depleting chemicals.
Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation, which can degrade materials like plastics, rubber, and fabric.
Health impacts of ozone depletion include increased risks of skin cancer, cataracts, respiratory conditions, and immune system issues.
Ecosystem disruptions from increased UV radiation can harm aquatic life and affect the balance of marine ecosystems.
Sea level rise and ozone depletion have significant socioeconomic and political impacts, affecting communities and requiring adaptation strategies.
Economic impacts of sea level rise include effects on industries like tourism, fisheries, agriculture, and real estate, as well as infrastructure damage and increased insurance costs.
Transcripts
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good afternoon
everyone first of all I want to be
thankful to the university
Authority and the respected Madam
iqc for offering this chance to talk on
the topic today the topic I going to
discuss is a course of of SEC course 2
and the title of the lecture is sea
level change and ozone layer depletion
one of the very important Global issues
that are becoming
nowadays
highly important for a futuristic plan
and to save our
environment what is sea level change the
first question comes to our mind a sea
level change refers to the variation in
the average level of the Earth's Oceanic
water over time and the change can be
influenced by various factors especially
the polar ice caps the glaciers and
important issue is thermal expansion of
the sea water due to global warming so
in one hand due to the oceanic currents
tectonic movements the sea level is
always
receiving uh an
oscillating character and over supply of
Water by melting ice caps can make the
level of water to be increasing
vertically and this will definitely lead
to
erosion flood displacement of
communities from their native places and
localities so these are the important
social life uh activities that will be
highly impacted by the sea level change
and the chances of inundation and
transgression is a very vital important
issues not only for the uh local
communities of rural areas but also for
the Metro cities it is very important to
be considered global average sea level
has risen 8 to 9 in 21 to 24 cm since
1880 mostly connecting after the
Industrial
Revolution in 2022 global average sea
level set a new record high
101.2 mm above 1993 levels and the rate
of global sea level is highly
accelerating more than double from uh
0.06 in per year throughout the most of
the 20th century to 0.14 in per year
from 2006 to
2015 out of this important uh databases
one thing is very important to note that
the rate of increment is always
happening to be developing the level of
the C from its earlier position to the
successive periods
this is a database gathered from the
www. climate.gov
where we are seeing how changing in the
sea level compared to 1993 2008 average
and uh this is really changing the scale
is in millimeter and the x-axis it is
showing the year marks and after 1880
the scenario in 2020 how it has reached
to a
very
high
Progressive change a positive change a
high positive change in the sea level
growth and that has really uh discovered
the chances to see that in future what
is going to
happen this is the sea level change 1993
to that of 2022 the global sea level
change scenario taken from the same
source and where we are seeing the
change in sea level in the world uh over
the world and for the important
countries at a
glance considering this fact first we
should reach to find out the causes this
is the most important it's like the root
of a plant and the main is the cause
climate change one of the prim Prim Ary
drivers of sea level change is climate
change the increase in global
temperature leads to the melting of ice
caps already say glaciers contributing
fresh water to the ocean now melting of
ice caps and Glaciers the melting of
polar ice caps such as those in the
Antarctica and Greenland and Glaciers
around the world contribute significant
amount of water reaching to the
oceans in view of this human influence
and human activities such as groundwater
extraction deforestation construction of
dams
reservers have indirectly impacted upon
the cases of
glaciation over the time due to global
warming and deforestation the chances of
melting has going to be very very high
even the forest line in the upper parts
of the mountainous belts the forest line
the Snow Line This is also changing at a
very faster rate and it is assuming by
the scientist that after
2050 many of the Metro cities not only
in the world this maybe in our country
are chanceful to be
deluged glacial isostatic adjustment
should also be considered here under
discussion in regions that were once
covered by Massive ice seeds during the
last ice age such as parts of North
America Scandinavian countries uh I will
refer the names of uh Netherland then
Finland some of the Scandinavian
countries uh Norway okay the land is
still slowly rebounding as the weight of
the ice is removed similarly changes in
Ocean circulation is also impacting
regularly alteration in Ocean
circulation patterns can affect sea
level Regional
changes in the currents such as the Gulf
Stream can redistribute water and
influence sea level in different parts
of the world and the ocean current and
their circulations are really very
important in this regard melting of the
Arctic sea ice is one of the very
important causes given more emphasis by
the scientists not only in view of
melting of the ice but also the floating
of the sea ice the floating of the sea
ice directly contribute to sea level
rise in the preceding time maybe the
icebergs and the floating ices are
frozen nowadays but over the time
temperature changes will cause into
delation of that and directly loss of
refle reflective sea ice leads to
increased absorption of sunlight by the
darker ocean water and further
contributing to
warming impacts of sea level change
Coastal erosion rising sea level
contribute to increased erosion of the
coastlines increased flooding higher sea
levels raise the Baseline for storm
surges and uh High tipes increasing the
frequency and uh severity of the coastal
flooding events low-lying coastal areas
become more prone to inundations
loss of coastal habitat is a really big
loss because the species is
dangered uh endangered
species uh the threatened species rare
species and some of the very important
species as contributing their important
role for The Aquatic ecosystems can also
be hampered wetlands and Man groups have
the very direct impact salt mares may be
some merged under the clutches of the
Salty Sea water and that may be
permanently unproductive even if they
are Exum after withdrawal of the uh
flood water but everything is becoming
to be a very chanceful the supply of the
melting water versus its withdrawal is
completely situational over time and the
S line stabilization habited for
biodiversity and the biodiversity
protection Against The Storm surges the
loss of life and the reduced level of
resilience of the coastal people or the
coastal communities to fight against the
uh sea level rises and submergences by
sea water salty water can be a very uh
high level of challenges in
future salt water
intrusion I have already said that the
salt water if they start in intruding
into the coastal aquifers and freshwater
systems it will completely destroy even
the chances of drinking water uh
harnessing the uh amount of drinking
water will be also lossing if the ice
works are all coming to be molten the
good uh Sweet Water will also be
unavailable in future and ecosystem loss
this is additional very badly effects
will come displacement of communities
already you can understand that if the
life is in challenge under submargin so
living being lowline coastal areas the
living being in the lowline coastal
areas especially in the developing
countries rising sea level can force
people to relocate to new locations and
the chances of Rehabilitation government
will also be in challenge to relocate
this uh uh uh destitute people this uh
uh victimize people and how to uh give
them with the new livelihoods can also
find out some newer uh challenges in the
social life so it will not only hamper
the physical setup of any geographical
area it will also impact upon the
socioeconomic and political challenges
impact on economy and livelihoods the
sea level rise can have significant
economic impact on coastal regions
affecting Industries such as tourism
Fisheries Agriculture and real estate
and damage to infrastructure loss of
property and increased insurance cost
that will be a very important one so
ozone hole depletion ozone hole
depletion uh is another important issue
and uh gradual thinning of 's ozone
layer in the upper atmosphere caused by
the release of chemical compounds
containing gaseous chlorine or bromine
from industry and other human
activities the thinning is most
pronounced in the polar regions
especially over Antarctica and ozone
depletion is a very important major
environmental problem why I have clapped
these two topics together because in one
hand ozone layer depletion is becoming a
very important cause of the Ozone gas to
penetrate inside the Aquatic lives and
that also impacting the delation I mean
the melting of the snow if the
ultraviolet radiation that reaches Earth
surface which increases the rate of skin
cancer eye cataracts genetic problems
immune system these are the other issues
but it will definitely uh increase the
chances of melting the Montreal protocol
we know that it ratified in the year of
1987 was the first of several
comprehensive International agreements
ended to Halt the production
and use of ozone depletion
chemicals so this is the scenario lowest
value of ozone measured by uh Toms each
year in the ozone hole the source is
given here and this is the ozone hole in
the North America strong long waves and
weak long long waves we are seeing the
two contrasting features in the year of
1984 uh we are seeing that uh uh in the
northern part concerning the
Alaska Greenland and the Very frigid
areas of uh Northern pole we are seeing
uh the situation and in
1997 definitely we are also seeing the
situation from how uh the strong long
waves uh the North America during 84
abnormally warm reducing ozone depletion
and 97
abnormally cold resulting in increased
seasonal
depletion this is the ozone
cycle oxygen molecules are photoed
yelding two oxygen atoms ozone and
oxygen atom are continuously
being interconverted as solar UV and
ozone is lost by a reaction of the
oxygen atom and this
uh inter uh uh connections of the uh
releasing of O3 and the important global
warming are highly uh important uh we
see that if oxygen uh where it is uh
considered to be a very resourceful gas
on the other hand uh O3 is considered to
be one of the very important greenhouse
gases that causing the depletion of
ozone
layer so causes of ozone layer depletion
I will go a bit F chlorofluorocarbon
CFCs and mostly uh aerosol propolin we
know that refrigerators and the
production of these release the
chlorofluorocarbon in the atmosphere and
this chlorine atoms can uh catalytically
destroy the ozone molecules so
destruction of ozone molecules is a very
fatal Factor Hons Hons are similar to
CFCs but contain bromine atoms insteed
of chlorine and they are commonly used
in the fire extinguisher and fire
fighting equipments like CFCs allons can
release bromine atoms in the
stratosphere contributing to Ozone
depletion and releasing of uh uh uh
bromine atoms due to Hons uh
contributing to the uh puncturing the
stratosphere is really very much fatle
for the future civilization carbon uh
tetrachloride is another chemical
compound that can release chlorine atoms
when it is broken down in the
stratosphere it was previously used as a
solvent as a refrigerant and in the
production of ious chemicals so these
three important issues are the very
leading factors behind the puncturing of
the ozone layer methy chloroform and the
nitrous oxide we know that while not
hogen containing compound nitrous oxide
n2o can also contribute to Ozone
depletion and at the same time methy
chloroform is a solvent that normally
used in various industrial applications
including cleaning and uh uh degreasing
it can release chlorine atoms when it
reacts with the UV
radiations so impacts of oone layer
depletion increase UV radiation
ecosystem disruption climate change
human health
issues the impact on the materials UV
radiation can degr degrade the materials
such as the Plastics rubber fabric Etc
and health impact apart from Direct
effects on human health like skin cancer
and the cataracts increased UV radiation
can exer respiratory conditions such as
asthma and lead to other health issues
like sunburn premature aging of the skin
and immune sups etc etc uh obvious ly
the UV radiation increased UV radiation
acts as Earth's natural sunscreen so the
ozone layer is actually acting as the
Art's natural sunscreen and this
increased UV radiation can definitely be
harmful for this and depletion of this
layer leads to more UV radiation
ecosystem disruptions as well we have
talked about so uh this was the
discussion thank you for hearing me and
this is uh the discussion for this uh
topic thank you listeners
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