Cybersecurity (Common Threats, Types of Hackers, CIA Triad)

Summary

This video covers essential cybersecurity concepts, explaining common threats like cybercrime, cyberattacks, and cyberterrorism. It dives into types of malware, botnets, social engineering, and cyberattack methods such as phishing, brute force, and SQL injections. The video also highlights different hacker categories, from script kiddies to hacktivists, and discusses notable hacking groups like Anonymous. Additionally, the video introduces the CIA Triad—confidentiality, integrity, and availability—as the foundation of cybersecurity, emphasizing the importance of data protection, system reliability, and secure access control.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cybersecurity is the practice of defending systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks.
• 😀 Cyber threats include cybercrime, cyber attacks, and cyber terrorism, each involving different types of harmful activities.
• 😀 Cybercrime involves illegal activities like fraud, intellectual property theft, identity theft, sabotage, and privacy violations.
• 😀 A cyber attack refers to an attempt to destroy, modify, or steal data, or to gain unauthorized access to systems or networks.
• 😀 Cyber terrorism uses tools to disrupt critical national infrastructure, such as energy or transportation systems, to cause panic or fear.
• 😀 Malware includes various types of malicious software, such as viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, ransomware, and adware, all designed to harm systems.
• 😀 A botnet is a network of infected computers controlled by a hacker to carry out coordinated cyberattacks like DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service).
• 😀 Social engineering exploits human error to gain sensitive information or access to systems, using techniques like phishing, farming, and brute force.
• 😀 Hackers can be classified into five types: script kiddies (novice hackers), white hat hackers (ethical hackers), black hat hackers (illegal hackers), grey hat hackers (unethical but non-malicious), and hacktivists (political activists).
• 😀 The CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) is a fundamental model in cybersecurity, emphasizing the protection of sensitive data, ensuring data accuracy, and guaranteeing access to information.
• 😀 Methods for ensuring cybersecurity include using encryption, user IDs and passwords, two-factor authentication, regular system updates, and backups to maintain data security and accessibility.

Q & A

What is cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity is the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks. It involves protecting against threats such as cybercrime, cyberattacks, and cyber terrorism.

What is the difference between cybercrime and a cyberattack?

Cybercrime involves illegal activities carried out using computers or the internet, such as fraud or identity theft. A cyberattack, on the other hand, is an attempt to damage, steal, or modify computer systems, networks, or data, often with malicious intent.

Can you explain cyberterrorism?

Cyberterrorism refers to the use of digital tools to disrupt vital national infrastructure such as energy, communications, or transportation systems. The goal is to intimidate or coerce governments or civilian populations.

What are some common types of malware?

Common types of malware include: Virus (malicious code attached to a clean file), Worm (self-replicating malware spreading through networks), Trojan (disguised malware that accesses data), Spyware (malicious software that collects data), Ransomware (malware that encrypts data and demands payment), and Adware (software that collects data for advertising).

What is a botnet and how does it work?

A botnet is a network of computers infected by malware, controlled by a cybercriminal (bot herder). Each infected machine, or bot, can be used to carry out coordinated attacks, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), which overloads and disrupts a target network.

What is social engineering in cybersecurity?

Social engineering is a manipulation technique used to deceive individuals into divulging private information, installing malware, or providing access to restricted systems. Common methods include phishing, farming (redirecting to fake websites), and brute-force attacks (guessing passwords).

Who are 'script kitties' in the hacking world?

Script kitties are individuals with limited hacking skills who use pre-written code to launch attacks. They typically cause minimal harm and don’t fully understand the tools they use.

What are the differences between white hat, black hat, and grey hat hackers?

White hat hackers are ethical hackers who find and fix vulnerabilities with permission. Black hat hackers are criminals who exploit systems illegally for personal gain. Grey hat hackers do it for fun or curiosity, sometimes exposing weaknesses without malicious intent but still engaging in unethical practices.

What is the CIA Triad, and why is it important in cybersecurity?

The CIA Triad is a model used in cybersecurity that stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. It is foundational for creating security systems. Confidentiality ensures data access is restricted to authorized users, Integrity ensures data is trustworthy and accurate, and Availability ensures authorized users can always access data when needed.

How can confidentiality be maintained in a system?

Confidentiality can be maintained through encryption, using user IDs and passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, and employing biometric verification to limit access to sensitive information.

What are the main actions to maintain data integrity?

Data integrity can be maintained by implementing measures like checksum verification, which ensures data has not been altered or corrupted during storage or transmission. Additionally, using secure protocols and regular audits helps ensure the accuracy of data.