Cara Kerja Generator Pembangkit Listrik

Summary

This video explains the components and working principles of a generator in a power plant. It covers the two main parts: the stator, which is stationary and houses the coils where magnetic induction occurs, and the rotor, which rotates to produce a magnetic field. Key elements such as the stator core, windings, rotor shaft, rotor coil, bearings, and cooling fan are described. The role of the exciter and Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) in generating and controlling the magnetic field is also discussed. The video concludes by illustrating how the rotor’s magnetic field induces an electromotive force in the stator, producing electricity efficiently.

Takeaways

• ⚡ A generator in a power plant converts mechanical energy from a rotor into electrical energy.
• 🛠️ The two main parts of a generator are the stator (stationary) and the rotor (rotating).
• 🧲 The stator contains a core made of laminated iron or silicon steel plates to reduce eddy current losses.
• 🔌 Stator windings generate voltage and create a magnetic field when excited by current.
• 🔄 The rotor is connected to a prime mover like a gas or steam turbine and contains rotor windings to produce a magnetic field.
• 💨 The rotor has a fan to cool the generator during operation and is supported by two bearings: Drive End and Non-Drive End.
• 🏗️ The generator frame supports and strengthens the stator core and uses nonmagnetic materials to minimize stray losses.
• ⚙️ The exciter supplies DC current to the rotor, enabling it to generate a magnetic field for electricity production.
• 🔋 The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) converts AC from the exciter into DC to regulate excitation current.
• 🧲 As the rotor spins, its magnetic field induces electromotive force (EMF) in the stator, producing electrical energy according to Faraday's Law.
• 💡 The excitation system ensures the rotor continuously generates a magnetic field, enabling stable electricity generation in the stator.

Q & A

What is the primary function of a generator in a power plant?

The primary function of a generator in a power plant is to convert mechanical energy, typically from the rotation of a rotor, into electrical energy.

What are the two main parts of a generator?

The two main parts of a generator are the stator (the stationary part) and the rotor (the rotating part).

What is the purpose of the stator core in a generator?

The stator core holds the stator coils and helps reduce eddy current losses, which are electrical energy losses converted into heat.

What material is used to construct the stator core and why?

The stator core is made from laminated iron plates (silicon steel), which reduce eddy current losses. The lamination thickness typically ranges from 0.35 to 0.5 mm.

How does the stator winding generate voltage?

The stator winding generates voltage by producing a magnetic field when an excitation current is applied to the coils. This induced magnetic field creates electrical energy through Faraday’s Law.

What role does the rotor play in the generation of electricity?

The rotor rotates due to a prime mover like a turbine and carries an excitation current. This current generates a magnetic field that induces electromotive force (EMF) in the stator, thus producing electricity.

Why is the rotor shaft important in the generator's design?

The rotor shaft connects the rotor to the turbine (gas or steam), transmitting mechanical energy to the rotor, which then converts it into electrical energy through its magnetic field.

What is the function of the exciter in a generator?

The exciter generates the excitation current necessary to create a magnetic field in the rotor. It supplies the necessary electrical power to the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR), which then regulates the voltage.

How does the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) work in the excitation system?

The AVR rectifies the AC voltage produced by the exciter into DC voltage. It then controls the current to regulate the excitation power supplied to the rotor's winding, ensuring stable voltage output.

What are the roles of the bearings in the rotor of the generator?

The bearings support the rotor during its rotation. They are located at both ends of the rotor—Drive End near the turbine and Non-Drive End near the exciter—ensuring smooth operation and stability.

How does the rotor's magnetic field induce electrical energy in the stator?

As the rotor spins, its magnetic field induces a change in magnetic flux within the stator, according to Faraday's Law of Induction. This change in flux generates an electromotive force (EMF) in the stator coils, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.