Pemeriksaan Fisik Muskuloskeletal - dr. Irsan Abubakar, Sp.OT

Summary

This instructional video guides viewers through the process of a comprehensive physical examination. Starting with a thorough introduction and patient preparation, the examination covers multiple body areas including the neck, spine, shoulders, arms, hands, pelvic region, knees, and lower limbs. Key examination techniques, such as palpation, range of motion testing, strength assessments, and special tests for ligament stability, are demonstrated. The video emphasizes identifying pain, discomfort, deformities, and abnormalities, while also highlighting the importance of comparing both sides of the body for consistency and evaluating the patient's response during each step.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script details a comprehensive physical examination process for a patient, starting from the cervical region and moving through various body parts.
• 😀 The physical examination begins with a thorough check of the neck, assessing for pain, discomfort, and mobility through active flexion, extension, and rotation tests.
• 😀 Proper patient positioning is emphasized before any examination, ensuring the patient is appropriately undressed for accessibility and comfort.
• 😀 Examination of the shoulder includes palpation for deformities, assessing for pain, crepitus, and range of motion in both flexion and extension.
• 😀 The elbow is carefully examined by checking for deformities, swelling, and the ability to perform flexion, extension, pronation, and supination with resistance.
• 😀 A key part of the examination focuses on assessing muscle strength and joint mobility, comparing both sides for any discrepancies or abnormalities.
• 😀 Palpation of the wrist and hand is performed, focusing on deformities, skin texture, and nerve and circulation assessments.
• 😀 The pelvic examination includes a thorough check of the pelvic bone contour, assessing for deformities, pain, and testing for range of motion such as internal and external rotation.
• 😀 The knee examination includes palpation for deformities, checking for swelling, and assessing ligament strength and stability with specific tests like the Lachman and McMurray tests.
• 😀 A detailed foot and ankle examination is conducted, with attention to swelling, deformities, and the range of motion in the joints, including plantarflexion and dorsiflexion.
• 😀 Throughout the examination, muscle strength and joint movement are tested systematically, with the patient being asked to perform specific movements under resistance to assess function.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the physical examination process outlined in the script?

The main focus of the physical examination process is to assess various body areas, including the cervical region, spine, shoulders, elbows, hands, pelvic area, knees, and ankles, checking for deformities, range of motion, muscle strength, and other abnormalities.

Why is it important to ensure the patient is undressed before performing the physical examination?

Ensuring the patient is undressed allows for proper visual inspection and palpation of the body areas being examined, ensuring that no deformities or abnormalities are missed and that full range of motion can be assessed without obstruction.

What are the key movements assessed during the cervical examination?

During the cervical examination, the key movements assessed are flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation, with a focus on any discomfort, pain, or crepitus experienced by the patient during these movements.

How is muscle strength evaluated during the elbow examination?

Muscle strength in the elbow examination is evaluated by asking the patient to perform flexion, extension, pronation, and supination while providing resistance to assess the strength and any limitations in movement.

What are the signs to look for during the shoulder examination, and how are they assessed?

During the shoulder examination, signs such as deformities, changes in skin texture, or injury are assessed. Movements like flexion, extension, internal rotation, and external rotation are performed to evaluate the range of motion and any associated pain or discomfort.

Why is the McMurray test important during the knee examination?

The McMurray test is important in assessing the meniscus for tears. By performing flexion and rotation of the knee, it helps identify any locking or abnormal sensations that indicate a meniscal injury.

What does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) test assess in the knee examination?

The ACL test assesses the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament by pushing the tibia forward to check for abnormal movement, which may indicate ACL damage if the movement exceeds 3 mm.

How is the pelvic region assessed during the physical examination?

The pelvic region is assessed by checking for deformities, palpating surrounding tissues, and performing range of motion tests, including flexion, extension, internal rotation, and abduction to evaluate mobility and any discomfort or pain.

What is the significance of performing range of motion tests on joints during the examination?

Range of motion tests are significant because they help identify limitations in movement, pain, or stiffness, which could indicate joint dysfunction, injuries, or other underlying conditions.

Why is it important to compare both sides of the body during the physical examination?

Comparing both sides of the body ensures that any asymmetry, deformities, or abnormalities are identified, as conditions may present differently on the right and left sides of the body.