How Culture Drives Behaviours | Julien S. Bourrelle | TEDxTrondheim
Summary
TLDRIn this insightful talk, the speaker reflects on cultural adaptation and diversity, highlighting the importance of understanding and embracing different social behaviors. From personal anecdotes to the impact of cultural lenses on perception, the speaker emphasizes the need for open-mindedness when encountering unfamiliar customs. The talk concludes with a call to action for small steps towards a world that truly benefits from cultural diversity.
Takeaways
- 😊 The speaker discusses the cultural differences between Norway and other countries, particularly regarding social interactions.
- 🤔 The realization of becoming Norwegian is highlighted through an anecdote about a stranger approaching the speaker in Brussels.
- 🌍 The speaker explains the three ways to relate to a new culture: confront, complain, or conform, with conforming being the most beneficial.
- 👓 Cultural glasses are described as the lens through which we see and interpret the world, affecting our perception and interactions.
- 👩💼 An example is given of gender-based educational restrictions in Norway aimed at promoting equality of results over equality of opportunity.
- 🔍 The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding and adapting to cultural differences to benefit from diversity.
- 💬 Misunderstandings due to cultural differences in emotional expression and personal space are discussed, using examples from various cultures.
- 👫 Differences in the concept of friendship and politeness between individualistic and collectivist cultures are explored.
- 🚌 The Norwegian concept of personal space, illustrated with a bus stop example, shows how cultural norms affect behavior.
- 🚀 The benefits of cultural diversity in enhancing problem-solving, creativity, and innovation are highlighted, along with the importance of effective communication.
Q & A
What cultural differences did Julian notice when he interacted with a stranger in Brussels?
-Julian noticed that in Norway, people do not typically engage in spontaneous conversations with strangers, which contrasts with the more open and social behavior he observed in Brussels.
How did Julian describe the process of adapting to a new culture?
-Julian explained that when moving to a new country, one can either confront, complain, or conform to the local culture. Conforming involves observing, learning, and adapting behaviors to fit the new society.
What example did Julian give to illustrate cultural differences in emotional feedback?
-Julian recounted a visit to Catalonia with a friend, where a guide misinterpreted his friend's neutral facial expression as disinterest, highlighting how emotional feedback is viewed differently across cultures.
What was Julian's experience when he tried to enroll in a leadership class for women?
-Julian was denied enrollment in a leadership class for women because of his gender, which he had never experienced before. The university offered this class exclusively to women to promote gender balance in professorship positions.
How does cultural diversity impact the performance of boards, according to studies mentioned by Julian?
-Studies cited by Julian indicate that boards composed of different cultures perform 35% better, and boards with both genders perform 15% better than those with less diversity.
What project did Julian create to help connect people of different cultures in Norway?
-Julian created a project featuring simple, humoristic drawings to explain cultural differences, which he shared via a Facebook page and a free website. The project reached over a million people.
How do different cultural upbringings affect the concept of friendship?
-In cultures where group interdependence is emphasized, friendships are close and symbiotic. In contrast, Western cultures often raise children to be independent, leading to more distant friendships.
What is the 'dance' Julian describes that occurs between people from different cultures?
-Julian describes a 'dance' where a South American and a North European, comfortable with different personal spaces, continuously adjust their positions during a conversation, reflecting their discomfort and cultural differences.
Why might politeness vary significantly across cultures?
-Politeness is culturally relative, with some societies having strict social codes and specific ways of speaking, while others may prioritize not disturbing others and maintaining physical and social space.
What is the key takeaway Julian emphasizes about cultural glasses and diversity?
-Julian stresses that everyone views the world through cultural glasses, affecting perception. By understanding and adjusting these lenses, people can better communicate and benefit from cultural diversity.
Outlines
😀 Adapting to Cultural Differences
The speaker, Julian, shares a personal experience of being approached by a stranger in Brussels, which led him to reflect on his own cultural adaptation to Norway. He discusses the three ways to relate to a new culture: confront, complain, or conform. Julian emphasizes the importance of conforming to truly benefit from diversity, which involves observing, learning, and adapting to the behaviors of the society one is in. He also talks about cultural misunderstandings and the need to change one's 'cultural glasses' to better perceive and understand behaviors in different cultural contexts.
🌐 The Impact of Cultural Diversity on Leadership and Society
Julian discusses the concept of 'equality of results' versus 'equality of opportunity' through the lens of a university's leadership training program for women. He argues that while such programs aim to balance gender representation in leadership roles, they can inadvertently limit opportunities for others. Julian cites studies showing that diverse boards, both in gender and culture, perform better in terms of problem-solving, creativity, and innovation. He shares his initiative to create a Facebook page and website to humorously illustrate cultural situations, which has helped over a million people understand and connect with different cultures. The speaker also touches on the different expectations of friendship and personal space across cultures, highlighting the importance of recognizing and adapting to these nuances.
👥 Navigating Personal Space and Politeness in Cultural Contexts
In this paragraph, Julian explores the cultural aspects of personal space and politeness, using the example of a South American and a North European trying to communicate at an international conference. He illustrates how differing perceptions of comfortable distance can lead to a 'dance of discomfort.' Julian explains that politeness is a culturally relative concept, with varying social codes and norms that facilitate smooth communication within societies. He stresses the importance of understanding these cultural nuances to avoid miscommunication and to embrace diversity effectively. The speaker concludes by reiterating the message that everyone perceives the world through their 'cultural glasses,' and that small steps towards understanding can lead to a greater appreciation of diversity.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Cultural Glasses
💡Confront, Complain, Conform
💡Socialization
💡Diversity
💡Cultural Misunderstanding
💡Personal Space
💡Politeness
💡Leadership
💡Independence vs. Interdependence
💡Cultural Adaptation
💡Equality of Results
Highlights
Cultural adaptation involves confronting, complaining, or conforming to new societal norms.
Adapting to a new culture means observing, learning, and understanding the behaviors of others to fit in.
Cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings in social interactions, such as interpreting emotional feedback incorrectly.
Our perception of the world is shaped by our cultural lenses, which can be changed to better understand and adapt to cultural differences.
Diversity in leadership can significantly improve performance, with gender and cultural diversity showing substantial benefits.
Cultural diversity enhances problem-solving ability, creativity, and innovation in teams.
The importance of effective communication in bridging cultural gaps for better understanding and collaboration.
The speaker's personal experience of cultural adaptation in Norway, where social interactions are more structured compared to his French-Canadian background.
The concept of 'Leadership for women' and its implications for gender equality and diversity in educational opportunities.
The idea of 'equality of results' versus 'equality of opportunity' in the context of gender and leadership training.
The project of using humoristic drawings and a website to connect people of different cultures, particularly in Norway.
Cultural upbringing affects expectations of group contribution and interdependence, influencing behavior.
Differences in the concept of friendship across cultures, from symbiotic relationships to comfortable silence.
The impact of cultural misunderstandings on personal relationships and the importance of recognizing and adapting to these differences.
Physical space and personal boundaries vary across cultures, leading to potential miscommunications in social settings.
The concept of politeness is culturally relative and affects social norms and behaviors.
The speaker's initiative to educate and bridge cultural gaps through lectures and a website reaching over one million people.
Transcripts
Transcriber: Tijana Mihajlović Reviewer: Ilze Garda
I was in Brussels.
I was sitting on La Grand-Place,
which is a beautiful square in the center of the town.
Suddenly, a man came and sat next to me, and started talking to me,
so I turned to him and I answered.
Then I turned back and I asked myself, "Why is he talking to me?"
Suddenly, I realized, "Julian, you're becoming Norwegian."
(Laughter)
So I turned to the man and I said,
"Sorry, I live in a country where people don't speak to each other."
The thing is, in Norway, it is not that people don't speak to each other;
it's that socialization takes part
in a much more framed and organized manner.
I was not expecting this man as a stranger to come and talk to me.
However, this is surprising,
because I come from the French-speaking part of Canada
where that type of behavior is totally normal.
However, my mental programming has changed.
My brain has been rewired,
because during the last five years
I've lived in a tiny little country in the north of Europe
which is called Norway.
When you move to a different country,
there are three ways that you can relate to the culture:
you can confront, complain, or conform.
When you confront,
you believe that your behaviors are the right behaviors.
When you complain, what happens is that you will isolate yourself
into social bubbles of foreigners living in segregation with the society.
When you adapt your way to behave, when you conform to the whole society,
then you can truly benefit from diversity.
But that implies
that you are observing, learning, understanding the behaviors of others,
and adapting your own,
so that it fits with the behaviors of the society you're in.
I was in the north-east of Spain, in a beautiful region of Catalonia,
and I was there with a very good friend of mine.
He is two-meters tall, blond hair, and blue eyes.
We were visiting the beautiful region
where they're making the cava, the Spanish sparkling wine.
After the guided tour,
we asked some more questions to the very charming guide that was there,
and she was explaining us with passion about what she was doing,
and then suddenly she stopped.
She took a step aside, she took my friend, and she shook him.
And then she looked at me and said,
"Why is he not interested in what I'm saying?"
Because she was not getting the emotional feedback she was used to.
(Laughter)
She was seeing his emotional feedback
through her own cultural glasses,
meaning that she was interpreting the fact that he had a neutral face
on what it would mean if someone from her culture would have that face,
and that would mean
that the person was not interested or didn't want to be there.
And we all see the world through cultural glasses.
The lens through which your brain sees the world shapes your reality.
If you can change the lens,
not only can you change the way your brain perceives behaviors,
but you can change the way people relate to cultural differences.
Embedded within that statement is the key to benefiting from diversity.
Three years ago,
I was sitting on the board of directors of one major university in Northern Europe
and I was representing 2,000 academic staff,
and I wanted to become a better leader.
So I've looked around the whole university
for a leadership class that would be suited to my position,
and I found one, and I was thrilled,
because not only would I learn about leadership,
but because I would also learn about how women lead,
because the class was called "Leadership for women".
(Laughter)
And so, as naive as I was, I've registered for the class.
The next morning,
the gender equality adviser of the university calls me and says,
"Julian, this is leadership for women. You're a man. You cannot attend."
It was the first time in my life
that I was denied education based on my gender.
(Laughter)
This is my cultural perspective about what happened there.
However, why is the university doing this?
Because the government had been putting in place a scheme
that allowed the university to take candidates in full academic position
before someone that has higher academic training
if the candidates can document leadership training.
By offering leadership training only to women,
the university was fast forwarding
the track of women into full professorship position
at a place where less than 20% of women had professorship.
I call this equality of result.
Not equality of opportunity; equality of results.
I did not have the same opportunity to flourish to my full potential,
but the result is that we have a balance in society.
We enforce diversity, and there is a good reason to do this.
Studies show that boards composed of both genders
will perform 15% better then boards that are composed of mainly one gender.
But studies also show that boards that are composed of different cultures
will perform 35% better than boards that are composed of only one culture.
Cultural diversity increases problem-solving ability.
It increases creativity and innovation.
The real challenge here
is to make people being able to communicate well together.
And this you do through explaining cultural differences.
Two years ago, I was sitting in my living room.
I was sitting there with a friend
and we started to draw typical cultural situations.
Then we made a Facebook page,
and then we made a free website,
and then I started to lecture all around the country.
I'm happy to say we've just crossed one million people
that have seen these drawings to help to connect culture.
And the idea behind that project is to create a simple, humoristic way
in connecting people of different cultures,
especially in Norway.
You know that most people around the world are raised with the idea
that they will need to contribute to a group,
that they will be part of a group and interdependent on their members.
And it affects the way people behave.
Other parts of the world, especially the Western world,
we raise our children to be independent and to be self-sufficient,
and we create certain independence in society,
and it changes behaviors.
You see the difference?
This basic principle tells a lot
about how you're going to expect a friendship to look like.
In certain societies where the group prevails,
the friendship will be much stronger,
in terms that people will live in symbiosis with each other
and dependent on each other,
and they will be expected to be invited
to every single event that the very good friend will do.
However, in other cultures, friendship will be much more distant.
I've asked a Scandinavian man one day what a good friend was.
You know what he answered?
"It is someone I can sit in silence in a room and feel comfortable."
If you tell this to a South American,
they won't understand what the principle is.
This is about friendship and love,
and contact with people is one of the six basic human needs.
If you're not able to see
how this friendship and love is communicated to you
because you are blinded by your cultural glasses,
you will spend years believing you have no friends.
You will spend years believing that people are rejecting you.
It is about changing these cultural glasses.
This is when you know that a Norwegian bus stop is full
and that you need to stand.
(Laughter)
What happens if you sit in the middle?
It could very well be that one of the two persons
stands up, takes a step aside, starts playing on his phone.
Now, what if you look different? What if you're wearing a religious symbol?
How easy it is to believe that the person has moved away
because you're of a different skin color or of a different religion?
A typical cultural misunderstanding and a very basic of human interactions:
you've came into the personal space
of someone who has a much bigger personal space.
In most cultures in the world, there's place for 4 people on that bench.
Not understanding these very subtle physical differences with people
will actually lead to lot of miscommunication.
If you want to observe it yourself, go to any international conference
and try to observe a South American
that tries to communicate with a North European.
What will happen there
is that the South American will be very eager
and will stand at a distance that's comfortable for him.
The North European will be also very eager,
but stand a little bit further away,
because he's not comfortable that the South American is so close.
If you observe it over time,
you will see that a little dance starts
(Laughter)
and people go around the room,
none of them realizing that they are feeling uncomfortable,
or they both feel uncomfortable, but they don't realize why.
It's just a simple thing of culture
and being able to feel that distance between people,
which is different in every culture.
And that has to do as well with politeness.
Politeness is a concept which is very much culturally related.
It's a group of norms and social codes that everyone obeys to,
so that communication goes well in the society,
and in certain societies it is very strict,
and you have a way to talk, and you have a way to behave.
You change the way - you're changing the words in the sentence.
In other places,
politeness might only mean not to disturb others,
to leave more space, both in friendship and physical space.
And if you move to another country
and no one explains you what politeness means,
how can you expect people -
how can you expect that someone will behave as he's expected to
in a foreign culture?
The key here is to benefit from diversity.
Everyone sees the world through cultural glasses.
It's not about what you see; it's about what you perceive.
It's not about what you see; it's about what you perceive.
And it is by taking small steps
that we will one day help the world to truly benefit from diversity.
Thank you.
(Applause)
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