Biografi marwan ll bin muhammad

Summary

Marwan bin Muhammad, born in 688 CE, was the last caliph of the Umayyad dynasty. Known for his military prowess, he rose to power after the death of the previous caliph, Ibrahim bin Walid, in 744 CE. His reign, though marked by numerous rebellions and external threats, saw him struggle to maintain the empire's stability. Despite his efforts, including quelling uprisings in various regions, the Umayyad dynasty faced inevitable collapse. Marwan's rule ended with the Abbasid revolution, and he was captured and executed in 750 CE. His death marked the end of the Umayyad caliphate's reign.

Takeaways

• 😀 Marwan bin Muhammad was born in 688 CE (70 Hijri) and was a prominent figure in the Umayyad dynasty.
• 😀 His mother was a former slave, and Marwan’s father, Muhammad bin Marwan, helped her gain freedom through marriage.
• 😀 Marwan bin Muhammad earned the titles 'Al-Jadi' (honoring his mentor) and 'Al-Himar' (meaning donkey, due to his patience in handling rebellions).
• 😀 He was known as a courageous and formidable military commander before becoming the caliph.
• 😀 Marwan bin Muhammad was loyal to Khalifah Walid bin Yazid, despite his controversial and disliked behavior among Muslims.
• 😀 After Walid's death, Marwan sought revenge against Yazid bin Walid but was eventually persuaded to take on a larger role in governance.
• 😀 In 744 CE, Marwan bin Muhammad became the last caliph of the Umayyad dynasty at the age of 56.
• 😀 His reign began with the dismantling of Yazid's regime and addressing internal and external rebellions.
• 😀 Despite his military prowess, Marwan's reign was marked by numerous battles and significant instability, leading to the eventual downfall of the Umayyad dynasty.
• 😀 Marwan bin Muhammad's reign faced several revolts, including one from the Abbasid movement, which ultimately led to the collapse of the Umayyads in 750 CE.
• 😀 Marwan bin Muhammad died in 750 CE after being captured in Egypt, marking the end of Umayyad rule and the rise of the Abbasid caliphate.

Q & A

Who was Marwan bin Muhammad, and when was he born?

Marwan bin Muhammad was born in 688 CE, or 70 Hijriyah. He was a prominent figure in Islamic history, serving as the last caliph of the Umayyad dynasty.

What were the titles given to Marwan bin Muhammad, and what did they signify?

Marwan bin Muhammad was given the titles 'Al-Jadi' and 'Al-Himar'. 'Al-Jadi' was a title of respect for his teacher in etiquette, while 'Al-Himar' (the donkey) was given due to his remarkable patience in handling revolts.

What role did Marwan bin Muhammad play during the reign of Khalifah Walid bin Yazid?

Marwan bin Muhammad was known for his loyalty during the reign of Khalifah Walid bin Yazid, even though Walid's rule was unpopular and caused unrest within the Muslim community.

Why did Marwan bin Muhammad seek revenge against Khalifah Yazid bin Walid?

Marwan bin Muhammad sought revenge against Khalifah Yazid bin Walid because Yazid had killed his beloved leader, Wali 2, and imprisoned Marwan's children. However, his desire for revenge was quelled when he was offered more power instead.

How did Marwan bin Muhammad become the caliph of the Umayyad dynasty?

Marwan bin Muhammad became the caliph in 744 CE, after the death of Khalifah Ibrahim bin Walid. He was appointed as caliph by the will of his relatives, including Hakam bin Walid, despite initial hesitation.

What were some of the initial actions Marwan bin Muhammad took as caliph?

As caliph, Marwan bin Muhammad's first major act was to dismantle the legacy of Yazid bin Walid, punishing those responsible for Yazid's actions, particularly the killing of Wali 2.

How did Marwan bin Muhammad deal with the various uprisings during his rule?

Marwan bin Muhammad actively suppressed multiple uprisings during his reign, including those in regions such as Iraq, Palestine, and Damascus. His forces managed to quell rebellions and restore order, though this did not prevent the eventual downfall of the Umayyad dynasty.

What was the Abbasid revolt, and how did it affect Marwan bin Muhammad's rule?

The Abbasid revolt, led by Abu Muslim al-Khurasani, was a significant uprising against the Umayyad rule. It exploited the instability in the Umayyad caliphate and eventually led to the defeat of Marwan bin Muhammad's forces and his eventual capture.

How did Marwan bin Muhammad's reign come to an end?

Marwan bin Muhammad's reign ended when the Abbasid forces overthrew the Umayyad dynasty. Marwan was captured in 750 CE and executed, marking the fall of the Umayyad rule.

What was the legacy of Marwan bin Muhammad in the context of the Umayyad dynasty?

Marwan bin Muhammad's legacy is marked by the final collapse of the Umayyad dynasty. Despite his military prowess and attempts to restore order, his brief and tumultuous reign was unable to prevent the rise of the Abbasids, bringing an end to Umayyad rule in the Middle East.