Kedudukan Warga Negara dan Penduduk Indonesia

Summary

This PPKN lesson delves into the concept of citizenship and population in Indonesia, as defined by the 1945 Constitution and the Citizenship Law of 2006. It covers the principles of Indonesian citizenship, including Ius Sanguinis and Ius Soli, and how individuals can acquire or lose citizenship through various processes, such as naturalization. The lesson also explains the different types of nationality status, including statelessness and dual nationality, as well as the rights and obligations of Indonesian citizens. It emphasizes the criteria for naturalization and the conditions under which citizenship can be revoked.

Takeaways

• 😀 Warga negara Indonesia includes both native citizens and those who acquire citizenship through legal means.
• 😀 Penduduk refers to both Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals residing in Indonesia.
• 😀 Indonesian citizenship regulations are defined in the 1945 Constitution and the 2006 Law on Citizenship.
• 😀 The 2006 Law defines who qualifies as an Indonesian citizen, including children born from Indonesian parents or foreign parents under specific circumstances.
• 😀 There are several bases for acquiring Indonesian citizenship: Ius Sanguinis (by descent), Ius Soli (by place of birth), and limited dual nationality for children under specific conditions.
• 😀 The concept of 'statelessness' (tray) refers to individuals without citizenship, while 'dual nationality' (liptray) occurs when a person holds two citizenships due to differing national laws.
• 😀 Two systems for handling nationality issues are the active system (requiring action to obtain nationality) and the passive system (automatic nationality).
• 😀 Key rights of Indonesian citizens include the right to choose (option) and the right to reject (repudiation) citizenship.
• 😀 Foreign nationals can apply for Indonesian citizenship through a naturalization process, which may be regular or special, depending on their contributions to Indonesia.
• 😀 A person may lose Indonesian citizenship under specific circumstances, such as acquiring another nationality voluntarily or serving in a foreign military without permission.

Q & A

What is the definition of a 'citizen' as per the Indonesian Constitution?

A citizen is defined as a person who is part of the Indonesian nation, either by being native to Indonesia or by being recognized as an Indonesian citizen through legal processes, as outlined in the Constitution.

What is the difference between 'citizenship' and 'residency' in Indonesia?

Citizenship refers to individuals who are legally recognized as members of the Indonesian state, while residency includes both Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals who reside in Indonesia.

How does one become an Indonesian citizen according to Law No. 12 of 2006?

One can become an Indonesian citizen by meeting various criteria such as birth, marriage, or legal acknowledgment by the state as outlined in Law No. 12 of 2006.

What are the two key principles of Indonesian nationality law?

The two key principles are 'Ius Sanguinis' (right of blood) and 'Ius Soli' (right of soil), which determine nationality based on either descent or birthplace, respectively.

What is 'Ius Sanguinis' and how does it relate to Indonesian citizenship?

'Ius Sanguinis' is a principle where nationality is determined by descent, meaning that an individual inherits the nationality of their parents, regardless of the country they were born in.

What is 'Ius Soli' and how is it applied in Indonesia?

'Ius Soli' refers to the principle where nationality is determined by the country of birth. In Indonesia, this principle is applied in a limited way, especially for children born to foreign parents in Indonesia.

What does the term 'single nationality principle' mean in Indonesian law?

The 'single nationality principle' means that each individual is recognized as a citizen of only one country, preventing dual nationality for citizens of Indonesia, except under specific circumstances outlined in the law.

What is the process of naturalization in Indonesia?

Naturalization in Indonesia involves foreign nationals meeting specific requirements such as residing in Indonesia for a certain number of years, speaking Indonesian, and accepting the state ideology (Pancasila), among other conditions.

What are the requirements for ordinary naturalization in Indonesia?

To apply for ordinary naturalization, an individual must be at least 18 years old, have lived in Indonesia for five consecutive years or 10 non-consecutive years, be in good health, speak Indonesian, and commit to the country’s principles and laws.

Under what conditions can an Indonesian citizen lose their citizenship?

An Indonesian citizen can lose their citizenship if they voluntarily acquire another nationality, serve in a foreign military, or engage in actions that disloyal to Indonesia, such as swearing allegiance to another country.