Mengapa Indonesia memilih menjadi Negara Kesatuan? - explained.

Summary

The script discusses Indonesia's independence, its declaration on August 17, 1945, and the establishment of the Indonesian state. It explores the country's legal foundation, the adoption of the 1945 Constitution, and Indonesia's choice of a unitary state system. The concept of a unitary state, as proposed by figures like Soepomo and Muhammad Yamin, emphasizes centralized power with local autonomy. It also highlights Indonesia's unique geographical and political characteristics, underscoring its unity despite being an archipelago. The script reflects on the principles of unity expressed in historical milestones like the Youth Pledge of 1928.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia declared its independence on August 17, 1945, with the proclamation read by Soekarno and Hatta in Jakarta.
• 😀 The declaration was a significant turning point in the formation of Indonesia as a new nation.
• 😀 The 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945) was established as the legal foundation for the country’s governance.
• 😀 The 1945 Constitution was formulated by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI) and later ratified by the Provisional Government.
• 😀 Indonesia chose a unitary state model, where the highest legislative authority is centralized within the national government.
• 😀 A unitary state ensures that power is concentrated at the central government, although certain powers may be delegated to regional governments under a system of decentralization.
• 😀 The decentralization system in Indonesia allows regional governments some autonomy, particularly in managing local affairs, but key areas like foreign policy and defense remain under central government control.
• 😀 The idea of a unitary state aligns with the philosophical views of figures like Soepomo and Muhammad Yamin, who advocated for national unity.
• 😀 The concept of a unitary state was reinforced by the 1928 Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda), which emphasized unity through one nation, one language, and one people.
• 😀 The 1945 Constitution also specifies that Indonesia is a country made up of many islands, with territorial integrity safeguarded by the Constitution itself, particularly in Article 25A.
• 😀 Indonesia's territorial integrity is represented by the unity of its islands, legal systems, culture, economy, and defense, making it a cohesive nation despite its vast archipelago.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence?

The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on August 17, 1945, marked the birth of the Republic of Indonesia, officially declaring its independence from colonial rule. It was read by Soekarno and Hatta, signifying the start of Indonesia as a sovereign nation.

What is the legal basis for the governance of Indonesia after its independence?

The legal basis for Indonesia's governance after independence is the 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945), which was drafted during the early stages of independence preparation by the Indonesian National Preparatory Committee (BPUPKI).

Why did Indonesia choose to be a unitary state?

Indonesia chose to adopt a unitary state system to maintain a centralized government where the central authority holds supreme power over the entire nation. This system ensures unity and cohesion across the vast archipelago of Indonesia.

How does the unitary state system operate in Indonesia?

In Indonesia's unitary state system, the highest legislative authority is concentrated at the national level. While some powers are delegated to regional governments through decentralization, the ultimate authority remains with the central government.

What is the difference between the centralized and decentralized systems in a unitary state?

In a centralized system, all powers are concentrated in the central government, with regional authorities having limited control. In a decentralized system, regions are granted autonomy to manage local affairs while the central government retains overall control.

What were the views of Soepomo and Muhammad Yamin on the state form of Indonesia?

Soepomo advocated for a unitary state in line with the integralistic concept, which sees the nation as a unified organism. Muhammad Yamin also supported the idea of a unitary state, believing it was essential for the nation's unity.

What role did the Youth Congress of 1928 play in shaping Indonesia's national identity?

The 1928 Youth Congress, with its Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Pledge), played a crucial role in shaping Indonesia's national identity by declaring a commitment to one homeland, one nation, and one language, which laid the foundation for a united Indonesian state.

How does the 1945 Constitution reflect the idea of a unitary state?

The 1945 Constitution reflects Indonesia's commitment to being a unitary state through several provisions that emphasize the centralization of power, the unity of the nation, and the relationship between the central government and its regions.

What does the 1945 Constitution say about the territorial nature of Indonesia?

The 1945 Constitution defines Indonesia as a unitary state with a territorial form of archipelagic sovereignty, consisting of a vast number of islands and seas, which are considered a unified whole under one national government.

What are the primary principles that underline Indonesia's status as a unitary state?

Indonesia's status as a unitary state is underpinned by principles of political unity, legal uniformity, social cohesion, and economic integration, all of which aim to unify the diverse regions and populations into one cohesive nation.