Doenças causadas por protozoários - Aula 18 - Módulo IV Microbiologia, Fungos e Protistas | Prof Gui

Summary

This educational video explores various diseases caused by protozoa, with a focus on those most prevalent in Brazil. The professor, Guilherme, discusses the transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods for diseases such as Amebiasis, Chagas Disease, Sleeping Sickness, Leishmaniasis, Trichomoniasis, Malaria, and Toxoplasmosis. He emphasizes the importance of understanding biological processes and the role of vectors like mosquitoes and flies in disease spread. Additionally, the video highlights the need for proper sanitation and awareness to combat these infections, making it an essential resource for students and those interested in parasitology.

Takeaways

• 😀 Amebiasis is caused by *Entamoeba histolytica*, affecting the large intestine through the oral-fecal route. It leads to micro-hemorrhages and can be transmitted by contaminated food and water.
• 😀 Chagas disease, caused by *Trypanosoma cruzi*, is transmitted by the triatomine bug (barbeiro) through its feces. It can cause severe heart issues if untreated.
• 😀 African Sleeping Sickness is caused by *Trypanosoma gambiense* and transmitted by the tsetse fly. It affects the nervous system, causing prolonged sleep and can be fatal.
• 😀 Leishmaniasis is caused by *Leishmania* species and transmitted by the *Lutzomyia* sandfly. It includes cutaneous and visceral forms, the latter being potentially fatal if not treated.
• 😀 Trichomoniasis, caused by *Trichomonas vaginalis*, is a sexually transmitted infection affecting the genitals, causing itching and irritation. It spreads easily but can be treated.
• 😀 Malaria is caused by *Plasmodium* species, transmitted by the *Anopheles* mosquito. It causes fever and chills and can be life-threatening if not treated.
• 😀 Toxoplasmosis, caused by *Toxoplasma gondii*, can be contracted from undercooked meat or cat feces. It affects the nervous system and is dangerous for immunocompromised individuals.
• 😀 Protozoan diseases in Brazil are often linked to inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices, especially water contamination.
• 😀 Vector control, such as using insecticides, installing screens, and eliminating standing water, is crucial in preventing the spread of protozoan diseases.
• 😀 The importance of understanding the biological processes behind these diseases is emphasized, as it helps in better prevention and treatment strategies.

Q & A

What are the main diseases caused by protozoa mentioned in the video?

The main diseases mentioned in the video are amebiasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, malaria, trichomoniasis, and toxoplasmosis.

What is the causative agent of amebiasis?

Amebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, which is a type of amoeba.

How is amebiasis transmitted?

Amebiasis is transmitted through the oral-fecal route, typically through contaminated water or food.

What is the vector for Chagas disease?

The vector for Chagas disease is the triatomine bug, commonly known as the 'barbeiro' or kissing bug.

How does the triatomine bug transmit Chagas disease?

The triatomine bug transmits Chagas disease through its feces, which enter the body when the bite site is scratched.

What protozoan causes malaria, and what is its primary vector?

Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium protozoan, and its primary vector is the Anopheles mosquito.

What makes Plasmodium a unique protozoan?

Plasmodium is a protozoan that does not have any locomotory appendages like flagella or cilia, making it different from many other protozoa.

What is the role of the mosquito in the transmission of malaria?

The mosquito acts as the definitive host for Plasmodium, where the protozoan reproduces sexually before being transmitted to humans.

What disease is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii?

Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, a disease commonly associated with cats.

How can humans get infected with Toxoplasma gondii?

Humans can get infected with Toxoplasma gondii by consuming undercooked contaminated meat or through contact with cat feces, especially in environments where cats defecate and the feces are not properly cleaned.