HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM Made Easy - Human Urinary System Simple Lesson

Summary

The human excretory system plays a crucial role in filtering blood and eliminating waste to maintain the body's internal balance. The urinary system, consisting of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, is central to this process. The kidneys filter waste from blood, producing urine, which travels through the ureters to be stored in the bladder. Other organs, including the skin, large intestine, lungs, liver, and even nails and hair, also contribute to waste elimination. This video explores these organs, their functions in excretion, and the kidney's additional roles in maintaining fluid balance, regulating ions, and supporting overall health.

Takeaways

• 😀 The human excretory system is vital for filtering blood and removing waste to maintain chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
• 😀 The urinary system, the central part of the excretory system, includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
• 😀 Kidneys are the main organs responsible for filtering blood and producing urine, and they are located at the back of the abdomen near the spine.
• 😀 Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, which are the basic functional units of the kidney, responsible for filtration.
• 😀 The filtration of blood occurs in the Bowman's capsule of the nephron, where blood enters through capillaries and waste products are filtered out.
• 😀 After filtration, urine is passed through the collecting ducts and renal calyx before reaching the ureter and moving to the bladder.
• 😀 Ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through muscular contractions.
• 😀 The urinary bladder serves as a storage for urine and has the ability to stretch as it fills, holding 300-500 milliliters of urine.
• 😀 The neck of the bladder contains sphincter muscles that prevent urine leakage and control the release of urine into the urethra.
• 😀 The excretory system also includes skin (which secretes sweat), lungs (which expel carbon dioxide), and the liver (which excretes waste products via bile).
• 😀 The kidneys also help maintain fluid balance, regulate blood pressure, and produce vitamin D, in addition to excretion.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the human excretory system?

The primary function of the human excretory system is to filter the blood and remove excessive and unnecessary materials from the body, helping to maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.

Which organs are included in the human excretory system, apart from the urinary system?

Apart from the urinary system, the human excretory system also includes organs such as the skin, lungs, gut, nails, and hair.

What are the main components of the urinary system?

The main components of the urinary system include a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.

Where are the kidneys located in the human body?

The kidneys are located on each side of the spine, near the level of the umbilicus. They are positioned toward the posterior aspect of the abdomen.

Why is the right kidney lower than the left kidney?

The right kidney is placed at a lower level than the left kidney due to the position of the liver on the right side of the body.

What is the hilum of the kidney, and what is its function?

The hilum of the kidney is the notch-like structure on the concave border of the kidney, where blood vessels enter and leave the kidney.

What are nephrons, and why are they important?

Nephrons are the basic functional units of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and removing waste substances. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons.

How does urine form in the kidneys?

Urine forms in the kidneys when blood enters the nephron through capillaries, and waste products and excess water are filtered into the nephron. The filtered fluid passes through collecting ducts and eventually into the renal calyx before moving into the ureter.

What role do the ureters play in the urinary system?

The ureters are tube-like structures that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They use smooth muscle contractions to propel urine forward.

How does the urinary bladder help in urine storage and expulsion?

The urinary bladder serves as a storage organ for urine, holding 300 to 500 milliliters before the urge to urinate. It also contains muscles that contract to expel urine into the urethra when needed.

What is the role of the sphincter of the bladder?

The sphincter of the bladder, located at the neck of the bladder, is a ring of smooth muscles that remain contracted to prevent urine leakage. It relaxes when the body is ready to expel urine.

How does the skin contribute to excretion?

The skin contributes to excretion by secreting sweat, which contains water, trace minerals, lactic acids, and urea. However, its primary function is temperature regulation and pheromone release.

What are the additional roles of the kidneys apart from excretion?

In addition to excretion, the kidneys help maintain fluid volume, ion balance, pH regulation, blood pressure, and the formation of important vitamins like Vitamin D.

Why do females have more frequent urinary tract infections than males?

Females have more frequent urinary tract infections than males because their urethra is shorter, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.

What other organs, besides the kidneys, play a role in excretion?

Other organs involved in excretion include the lungs (expelling carbon dioxide), liver (processing and excreting waste through bile), large intestine (expelling indigestible waste), and nails and hair (excreting heavy metals).