The genealogy of the Kings of the Kahuripan Kingdom and the Jenggala Kingdom, from Airlangga to Sama

Summary

This video explores the fascinating history and genealogy of the Kahuripan and Jenggala kingdoms, focusing on key rulers like Airlangga and his descendants. It delves into Airlangga's rise to power, his efforts to rebuild the Medang Kingdom, and the division of his empire after his death into two kingdoms—Panjalu and Jenggala. The narrative covers political struggles, battles for the throne, and the legacies of rulers such as Mapanji Garasakan and Samarotsaha. The story highlights the intricate relationships between the kingdoms and the significant historical events that shaped East Java during the 11th century.

Takeaways

• 😀 Airlangga was born in 990 AD in the SinghaMandawa Kingdom (Bali) and later became the founder of the Medang Kahuripan, Panjalu, and Janggala kingdoms in East Java.
• 😀 After King Dharmawangsa Teguh's death, the Medang Kingdom fell into chaos, sparking a power struggle and the War for the Throne between 1016 to 1039 AD.
• 😀 Airlangga, originally a prince, survived a deadly attack on the Medang Kingdom's palace, leading to his eventual rise as the ruler of Java.
• 😀 Airlangga successfully rebuilt the Medang kingdom after taking refuge in the Vanagiri forest, with support from Hindu, Buddhist, and Mahabrahmana priests.
• 😀 In 1031 AD, Airlangga's capital at Watan Mas was destroyed by a female ruler, Ratu Dyah Tulodong, forcing him to relocate to the village of Patakan and later establish Kahuripan as his new capital.
• 😀 After securing his power, Airlangga divided his kingdom in 1042 AD into two regions, Panjalu (Western Kingdom) and Janggala (Eastern Kingdom), which were ruled by his sons.
• 😀 The Janggala Kingdom was initially ruled by Mapanji Garasakan, who faced continuous civil wars with the Panjalu Kingdom, and his reign lasted from 1042 to 1052 AD.
• 😀 Airlangga's legacy is tied to his priestly title, 'Resi Aji Paduka Mpungku,' which signifies his continued influence even in a spiritual role after his rule.
• 😀 Mapanji Garasakan's reign in Janggala was marked by battles and political unrest, particularly with Panjalu's King Sri Samarawijaya, his sibling rival.
• 😀 After the death of Alanjung Ahyes, the Janggala throne passed to Samarotsaha, who ruled around 1059 AD, continuing the legacy of his potential relation to Airlangga.

Q & A

Who was Airlangga, and what was his role in the history of Java?

Airlangga was the founder of the Medang Kahuripan, Panjalu, and Janggala kingdoms in East Java. He reigned from 1019 to 1043 AD and was instrumental in uniting Java after the fall of the Medang Kingdom. His leadership restored order and allowed the reconstruction of the region's glory.

What led to the fall of the Medang Kingdom?

The Medang Kingdom fell after King Dharmawangsa Teguh was killed in an attack led by Aji Wurawari, assisted by Sriwijaya troops. This event occurred during a wedding celebration, leading to the massacre of the royal family and the kingdom's collapse into chaos.

How did Airlangga manage to survive after the fall of the Medang Kingdom?

Airlangga, along with his wife, Patih Mpu Narotama, and some bodyguards, managed to escape death during the attack. He went into hiding, living as a hermit in the Vanagiri forest for several years.

What was the significance of Airlangga's return to power in 1019?

In 1019, after years of hiding, Airlangga was approached by a delegation from the people and military leaders who urged him to restore the kingdom. With the support of priests from three sects—Hinduism, Buddhism, and Mahabrahmana—he rebuilt the remnants of the Medang kingdom and established a new capital at Watan Mas.

What were the challenges Airlangga faced in rebuilding his kingdom?

Airlangga faced challenges such as limited territory, resistance from rival kingdoms, and the need to reassert control over fragmented regions. He fought several wars to expand his power, including conflicts with local rulers like King Hasin, Ratu Dyah Tulodong, and Wijayawarmma.

Why did Airlangga divide his kingdom into two parts in 1042?

In 1042, Airlangga divided his kingdom into two parts to ensure more effective governance and to prevent further civil unrest. The division created the Panjalu Kingdom in the west and the Janggala Kingdom in the east, each governed by different rulers.

Who ruled the Janggala Kingdom after Airlangga's death?

After Airlangga's death, Mapanji Garasakan became the first king of the Janggala Kingdom. His reign lasted from 1042 to 1052 AD. The kingdom later experienced internal conflicts, particularly with the Panjalu Kingdom.

What events led to the rise of Samarotsaha to the throne of the Janggala Kingdom?

Samarotsaha, believed to be a descendant of Airlangga, ascended the throne of the Janggala Kingdom after the death of Alanjung Ahyes in 1059 AD. He claimed the throne as the son of Airlangga, and his reign was marked by efforts to maintain control over the region.

What was the significance of the Sumengka Inscription of 1059?

The Sumengka Inscription of 1059 is important because it was issued by Samarotsaha, confirming his reign and designating the village of Sumengka as a fief for those who helped with water channel repairs. It provides evidence of his rule and contributions to the kingdom.

What role did Airlangga's religious affiliations play in his reign?

Airlangga was a devout Hindu Vishnu follower, as evidenced by inscriptions like the Pucangan Inscription. His religious beliefs played a central role in his leadership, as he was seen as both a king and a spiritual leader, contributing to his revered status.