Sejarah Perkembangan Bioteknologi: Pengertian Bioteknologi Konvensional dan Modern | Bioteknologi

Summary

This presentation provides a detailed overview of the history and development of biotechnology, highlighting both conventional and modern approaches. It traces the origins of biotechnology from ancient Egypt's use of microorganisms to ferment food and drinks to the modern era, focusing on genetic engineering and DNA manipulation. The speaker distinguishes between conventional biotechnology, which relies on microbial fermentation, and modern biotechnology, which involves genetic manipulation for more precise and efficient results. The discussion also touches on the potential applications and benefits of biotechnology in fields such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental sustainability.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biotechnology was first coined by Karl Ereky in 1917 to describe large-scale production methods using microorganisms.
• 😀 The term 'biotechnology' combines 'bio' (life) and 'technology' (methods for production), and it refers to using living organisms for creating products and services.
• 😀 Biotechnology has evolved from ancient practices like fermentation in Egypt and Sumeria to modern-day genetic engineering.
• 😀 The key historical milestones in biotechnology include the discoveries of fermentation, the identification of microorganisms, and genetic research advancements.
• 😀 There are two main types of biotechnology: conventional (traditional methods like fermentation) and modern (genetic manipulation and recombinant DNA techniques).
• 😀 Conventional biotechnology, such as producing tempeh, tofu, and bread, relies on natural processes without genetic modification.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology, which includes genetic engineering, cloning, and DNA recombination, allows for precise modifications to organisms and has applications in food production, medicine, and environmental solutions.
• 😀 Biotechnology began with the production of fermented food and alcohol and advanced to include the creation of antibiotics and genetically modified organisms.
• 😀 The development of biotechnology is accelerated by discoveries like the structure of DNA and genetic sequencing, enabling controlled genetic modifications.
• 😀 While conventional biotechnology is cost-effective and accessible, modern biotechnology offers enhanced quality and yields but comes with higher costs and uncertain long-term effects.

Q & A

What is the origin of the term 'biotechnology'?

The term 'biotechnology' was first introduced by Karl Ereky in 1917, referring to the large-scale production of pig products using sugar beet as feed. The word itself combines 'bio' (life) and 'technology' (methods of producing goods or services).

How does the European Federation of Biotechnology define biotechnology?

The European Federation of Biotechnology defines biotechnology as the integration of natural sciences and engineering aimed at enhancing the use of living organisms, cells, or molecules to produce goods and services.

What historical practices are considered early examples of biotechnology?

Early examples of biotechnology include the use of microorganisms in ancient Egypt for brewing beer, making wine, vinegar, cheese, and yogurt.

What are the key milestones in the history of biotechnology?

Key milestones in biotechnology include the early fermentation techniques in the 4th Millennium BC, classification of plants and animals by Aristotle and Theophrastus, Pasteur's microbiological work in the 19th century, and the discovery of recombinant DNA technology in the 20th century.

What is the main characteristic of conventional biotechnology?

Conventional biotechnology relies on microorganisms to produce goods through fermentation processes, without involving genetic manipulation. It focuses on creating optimal conditions for microbial growth.

What are some examples of conventional biotechnology applications?

Examples of conventional biotechnology include the production of fermented foods such as tempe, tofu, cheese, yogurt, and beverages like beer and wine.

What are the advantages of conventional biotechnology?

The advantages of conventional biotechnology include lower costs, increased nutritional value of foods, preservation of food, and the ability to create new food sources such as natadekoko from coconut water.

What are the limitations of conventional biotechnology?

The limitations of conventional biotechnology include the lack of genetic improvement, absence of targeted genetic manipulations, and unpredictability in the results.

What is the difference between conventional and modern biotechnology?

The main difference is that conventional biotechnology does not involve genetic manipulation, relying on fermentation processes, while modern biotechnology uses advanced techniques like genetic engineering, DNA recombination, and cloning to produce more targeted and controlled outcomes.

What are some applications of modern biotechnology?

Modern biotechnology applications include the development of genetically modified crops, production of vaccines, creation of monoclonal antibodies, waste management by converting waste into fertilizers, and the production of new health-related products.