Sejarah & Latar Belakang Peristiwa SUMPAH PEMUDA

Summary

This video script traces Indonesia's journey from Dutch colonial rule to the early stages of its independence movement. It highlights how the Dutch colonization, lasting over three centuries, disrupted Indonesia's unity and sense of national identity. The script covers key milestones such as the establishment of educational institutions, the formation of organizations like Budi Utomo, and the rise of political movements inspired by these changes. The narrative culminates in the 1928 Youth Congress, where the iconic anthem 'Indonesia Raya' was first performed, marking a significant moment in Indonesia's quest for independence and national unity.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia was under Dutch colonial rule for 350 years, during which time the country faced division and a lack of unity.
• 😀 The Dutch successfully fragmented the Indonesian people into smaller, weaker groups, preventing them from uniting or discussing national issues.
• 😀 The Dutch colonial government established schools like Stovia in Batavia (now Jakarta), which became a platform for many young Indonesians to receive education.
• 😀 This education inspired many young Indonesians to think about independence and led to the formation of organizations such as Budi Utomo on May 20, 1908.
• 😀 Budi Utomo's establishment marked the beginning of Indonesia's national awakening, which is commemorated as National Awakening Day.
• 😀 The movement inspired other organizations, including Sarekat Islam, led by Cokroaminoto, and political parties like Indische Partij led by RM Suwardi Suryaningrat.
• 😀 Other notable figures involved in the independence movement included Ki Hadjar Dewantara, Tjipto Mangunkusumo, and Satiman Wiryosanjoyo.
• 😀 On November 15, 1925, the Young Java group was formed, which later became Young Indonesia (Indonesia Muda).
• 😀 The Second Youth Congress, led by Sugondo Joyopuspito, took place on October 27-28, 1928, in Jakarta, where significant steps were taken toward Indonesian unity.
• 😀 During the congress, WR Supratman played his composition 'Indonesia Raya,' marking the first time the national anthem was heard publicly and inspiring the attendees.

Q & A

What was the impact of the Dutch colonial rule on Indonesia?

During the 350 years of Dutch colonial rule, Indonesia was divided into small, weak groups, and the people were forbidden from uniting or discussing national issues. This disunity hindered collective national progress.

What role did education play during the Dutch colonial period?

The Dutch established educational institutions like the Stovia building in Batavia, which allowed some Indonesian youths to receive an education. This education led to the development of new ideas about independence.

Who founded Budi Utomo, and what was its significance?

Sutomo founded the Budi Utomo organization on May 20, 1908, marking the beginning of the National Awakening Day in Indonesia. It played a critical role in inspiring other national organizations.

Which other organizations emerged after Budi Utomo's formation?

After Budi Utomo, several other organizations emerged, including Sarekat Dagang Islam (which became Sarekat Islam), and political parties like Indische Partij, led by figures like Ki Hadjar Dewantara and Cokroaminoto.

What was the role of Young Java in Indonesian history?

Young Java, initially called Kaos Dekker, was a youth organization founded by Satiman Wiryosanjoyo in 1925, which played a key part in shaping Indonesian nationalism and youth movements.

What was the significance of the First Youth Congress in 1928?

The First Youth Congress, held in November 1928, was significant for forming a committee to unite Indonesian youth groups and solidifying a sense of nationalism that transcended ethnic divisions.

Who was Sugondo Joyopuspito, and what role did he play?

Sugondo Joyopuspito was the chairman of the Second Youth Congress, held on October 27-28, 1928, in Jakarta. This congress was instrumental in the creation of the 'Youth Pledge,' a declaration of Indonesian unity.

What was the 'Youth Pledge,' and when was it declared?

The 'Youth Pledge' was declared during the Second Youth Congress in 1928, emphasizing the unity of the Indonesian people, with a commitment to one nation, one language, and one homeland.

How did WR Supratman contribute to the Youth Congress in 1928?

WR Supratman played a pivotal role by performing his composition, 'Indonesia Raya,' at the Second Youth Congress, marking the first public performance of Indonesia's national anthem.

What was the emotional response to the performance of 'Indonesia Raya' at the congress?

The performance of 'Indonesia Raya' by WR Supratman left the participants in awe, as they were deeply moved by the powerful sound of the violin and the symbolism of the anthem for Indonesian unity.