PENDEKATAN DALAM PENELITIAN KUALITATIF (CRESWELL)

Summary

This video explains John Creswell’s five qualitative research approaches: narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study. Each method is explored with practical examples to highlight how they are used to understand individual experiences, social phenomena, cultural behaviors, and more. Narrative research focuses on personal stories, phenomenology on shared experiences, grounded theory builds theories from field data, ethnography examines cultural groups, and case studies provide in-depth analysis of specific situations. The video serves as an insightful introduction to these methods, providing viewers with a foundational understanding of qualitative research.

Takeaways

• 😀 John Creswell is a distinguished professor and researcher known for his work on qualitative and mixed-methods research.
• 😀 Creswell's book, *Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design*, is a key resource that provides a detailed exploration of qualitative research methods.
• 😀 There are five main types of qualitative research approaches according to Creswell: narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study research.
• 😀 Narrative research focuses on studying the life story of an individual, often in the form of biographical research, through interviews and documents.
• 😀 Phenomenology aims to understand how people experience a particular phenomenon by describing and interpreting shared experiences.
• 😀 Grounded theory research involves developing a theory from data collected in the field, without starting with an existing theoretical framework.
• 😀 Ethnography studies cultures or social groups by immersing the researcher into the community, gathering data through long-term observation and interviews.
• 😀 Case study research is used to explore a specific case or cases in-depth, understanding a phenomenon within its real-life context.
• 😀 Examples of narrative research include biographical studies like that of Sheikh Mahfudh al-Hasani and an English teacher’s experience using Prezi in the classroom.
• 😀 A phenomenological study could analyze the differing perceptions of employees in Islamic vs. conventional banks, revealing the shared and differing experiences of bank employees.
• 😀 Grounded theory research can uncover insights, such as why some students who perform poorly in mathematics do not experience anxiety, leading to the development of new theories.
• 😀 Ethnographic research, like studying the literacy practices of the Baduy tribe, provides deep insights into the customs and practices of a specific cultural group.
• 😀 Case study research allows for detailed analysis of specific issues, such as depositor behavior in Indonesian banks, to provide a holistic understanding of specific problems.

Q & A

Who is John W. Creswell and what is his contribution to qualitative research?

John W. Creswell is a Professor of Family Medicine and a senior researcher at the University of Michigan. He is a leading expert in qualitative and mixed methods research. Creswell has written extensively on these topics, with his notable work being the book 'Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design', which won the Academy of Management's Award in 2018. His work is considered a key reference for researchers in qualitative methodology.

What are the five types of qualitative research approaches according to Creswell?

Creswell outlines five main types of qualitative research approaches: Narrative Research, Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography, and Case Study.

What is narrative research and how is it conducted?

Narrative research focuses on studying the life stories of individuals. The researcher gathers data primarily through in-depth interviews, supported by documents and archival materials. This approach often investigates personal experiences or biographies. An example given is the biography of Syekh Mahfud al-Hasani, a religious leader from Kebumen.

Can you give an example of narrative research beyond biographical studies?

Yes, an example provided is a narrative analysis of an English teacher's experience using Prezi to teach vocabulary. This study narrates the teacher's experience and perspective on using the technology in their classroom, which is also classified as narrative research.

What is phenomenological research and what does it aim to understand?

Phenomenological research focuses on understanding the essence of participants' shared experiences related to a phenomenon. The goal is to explore how individuals perceive and make sense of their experiences. An example is a study comparing Islamic banks to conventional banks from the perspective of bank employees.

What is the main objective of grounded theory research?

Grounded theory research aims to develop a theory based on data collected from the field, without relying on pre-existing theoretical frameworks. Researchers collect empirical data and use it to generate new theories or modify existing ones. An example is a study on why some students experience no anxiety despite performing poorly in mathematics.

How does grounded theory differ from other qualitative research methods?

Grounded theory differs in that it starts without a predefined theoretical framework. Researchers gather data first and then build or refine theories based on the findings. This approach is used when little is known about the topic, or when existing theories do not fully address the phenomena being studied.

What is ethnography, and how is it conducted?

Ethnography is a research method that involves studying the culture and daily life of a specific group over an extended period. The researcher becomes part of the group being studied, observing, listening, and collecting data through interviews and observation. An example is a study on family literacy in the Baduy ethnic group in Indonesia.

What is the role of the researcher in ethnographic research?

In ethnographic research, the researcher plays an active role as a participant-observer. They immerse themselves in the community or group they are studying, engaging in everyday activities to collect data. This helps to understand the culture and practices from an insider's perspective.

What is case study research and when is it used?

Case study research is an approach that focuses on gaining a deep understanding of a specific case or phenomenon, either single or multiple. It is used when researchers want to explore a situation in detail within its real-life context. An example is a study analyzing factors influencing depositor behavior in both Islamic and conventional banks in Indonesia.

How do the five research approaches relate to each other?

While each approach focuses on different aspects of qualitative research, they all share a common goal of understanding complex phenomena through in-depth exploration. Narrative research focuses on individual life stories, phenomenology on shared experiences, grounded theory on developing theories from data, ethnography on cultural immersion, and case study on in-depth analysis of specific cases. All methods aim to gain a rich, contextual understanding of the subject matter.