jalur rempah masa Hindu-Buddha

Summary

This video explores the historical spice trade routes during the Hindu-Buddha period in Indonesia, focusing on the roles of the Sriwijaya, Mataram Kuno, Singasari, and Majapahit kingdoms. The script details how these kingdoms controlled key maritime trade routes, such as the Strait of Malacca, and traded valuable commodities like spices, camphor, gold, and porcelain. Archaeological evidence, including inscriptions, reliefs, and ancient records, highlights the deep connections these kingdoms had with India, China, and Arabia. The video provides an engaging overview of how these ancient empires contributed to the global spice trade network.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sriwijaya was a dominant maritime and trade power in Southeast Asia, known for its strategic control over the Malacca Strait and its global trade network.
• 😀 Sriwijaya's main exports included camphor, spices, and metals such as iron, tin, silver, and gold, which were traded with India, China, Arabia, and Persia.
• 😀 Mataram Kuno's significance in the spice trade is evidenced by the Borobudur temple reliefs, which depict ancient spice plants like cloves, nutmeg, and sandalwood.
• 😀 The reliefs of Borobudur also show seafaring culture, reflecting the maritime trading capabilities of the Mataram Kuno kingdom.
• 😀 Singasari, under King Kertanegara, expanded its reach over a vast territory, including Java, Bali, the Malay Peninsula, and parts of Southeast Asia.
• 😀 Singasari controlled major spice trade routes, including the Malacca Strait, and traded goods like rice, gold, and spices with China.
• 😀 Majapahit, at its peak in the 14th century, dominated Southeast Asia, controlling the spice-rich regions and key trade routes in the eastern archipelago.
• 😀 Majapahit’s influence extended over the Malacca Strait and the surrounding regions, facilitating widespread trade with foreign merchants, especially from China and India.
• 😀 The fall of Samudra Pasai led to Majapahit's rise as a key maritime power, centralizing spice trade activities in strategic ports like Canggu and Bubat.
• 😀 The kingdoms of Sriwijaya, Mataram Kuno, Singasari, and Majapahit played integral roles in shaping the global spice trade and establishing Southeast Asia as a vital hub for international commerce.

Q & A

What were the main spice-producing kingdoms during the Hindu-Buddhist era in Indonesia?

The main spice-producing kingdoms during the Hindu-Buddhist era in Indonesia were Sriwijaya, Mataram Kuno, Singasari, and Majapahit.

What role did Sriwijaya play in the spice trade?

Sriwijaya played a significant role in the spice trade by controlling key maritime routes, including the Strait of Malacca, and trading commodities like camphor, spices, iron, tin, silver, and gold with India, China, Arabia, and Persia.

What evidence supports the prominence of Sriwijaya in the spice trade?

Evidence supporting Sriwijaya's prominence in the spice trade includes inscriptions, Chinese and Arab reports, and accounts from Chinese monks, as well as historical references to their control over the spice trade routes.

How did the Mataram Kuno kingdom contribute to the spice trade?

Mataram Kuno contributed to the spice trade through the depiction of 63 ancient plant species, including spices like cloves, nutmeg, and sandalwood, in the reliefs of the Borobudur Temple.

What does the Borobudur relief reveal about the Mataram Kuno kingdom?

The Borobudur relief reveals that the Mataram Kuno kingdom was involved in spice trade and also highlights their maritime culture, as shown by the carvings of boats with sails.

What role did Singasari play in the spice trade during the 13th century?

Singasari played a central role in the spice trade during the 13th century by controlling key trade routes in Southeast Asia, from the Malacca Strait to the Maluku Islands, and trading commodities like rice, gold, and spices with China.

What was the economic focus of Singasari under King Kertanegara?

Under King Kertanegara, Singasari's economy was centered on the spice trade, particularly with China, exchanging goods like rice, gold, and spices for Chinese silk and porcelain.

How did Majapahit influence the spice trade in Southeast Asia?

Majapahit influenced the spice trade by controlling vast territories in Southeast Asia, including strategic maritime routes and spice-producing regions, especially after their conquest of Samudra Pasai.

What were the primary commodities traded by Majapahit?

The primary commodities traded by Majapahit included spices, along with gold, and they engaged in active trade with foreign merchants at key ports such as Cangku and Bubat.

How did the collapse of Samudra Pasai benefit Majapahit in the spice trade?

The collapse of Samudra Pasai allowed Majapahit to gain control over crucial spice trade routes, particularly in the western part of Indonesia, and solidify their dominance in regional maritime trade.