Sejarah Berdirinya Daulah Safawiyah (Saingan Kuat Turki Usmani)

Summary

The Safavid dynasty played a significant role in early Islamic history, originating from the Safaviyah order, a religious movement in Persia. Initially a religious movement aimed at correcting deviations from Sharia, it transformed into a powerful political force under leaders like Junaid and later his son Haidar. The dynasty saw military struggles, including the rise of Ismail, who established the Safavid state and promoted Shia Islam as the official religion. The Safavid dynasty’s legacy is marked by its deep influence on Persian culture and Shia Islamic practices.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Safavid Dynasty played an important role in early Islamic history, originating from the Safawiyah Order, a religious and political movement.
• 😀 The Safavid movement began in Ardabil, where it was led by a founder who was a descendant of Musa al-Kadhim, starting around 1301 to 1447 CE.
• 😀 The Safavid movement sought to reform those who had deviated from Islamic teachings and eventually fought against those straying from Sharia law.
• 😀 The Safavids had a significant influence in Persia, growing both in religious and political strength, especially during the leadership of Junaid in 1440-1441.
• 😀 The Safavid movement was characterized by a strong commitment to their teachings, leading to the formation of a military force prepared to engage in political battles.
• 😀 The rise of Safavid power led to conflicts with local rulers, including those from the Karo Kowe tribe, eventually leading to Junaid's defeat and death in battle.
• 😀 After Junaid's death, his son Haidar continued the military struggle and successfully took control of Circassia, though Haidar too died in battle.
• 😀 Haidar's son, Ali, was pressured by his forces to avenge his father’s death, leading to a period of imprisonment from 1489-1493 CE, before being released by Rustam, the crown prince of Khorasan.
• 😀 After aiding Rustam in his conquests, Ali and his brothers were betrayed and attacked by Rustam, with Ali dying in 1494 CE.
• 😀 Following Ali's death, the leadership of the Safavids passed to Ismail, who was just seven years old at the time. Ismail later established the Safavid state and declared Shi'ism as the state religion.
• 😀 Shi'ism, under Ismail’s rule, became a core ideology of the Safavids, linked to the concept of 'Shia Ali,' referring to the followers of Ali as the chosen ones, as referenced in the Quran.

Q & A

What was the initial purpose of the Safavid movement?

The Safavid movement began as a religious movement called the Safawiyah order, aimed at correcting the deviations of people who strayed from the principles of Islam and combating those who went against Sharia law.

Where did the Safavid movement originate?

The Safavid movement originated in the city of Ardabil, which is located in present-day Iran.

Who was the founder of the Safavid dynasty, and what is his significance?

The founder of the Safavid dynasty was Safi al-Din, who is considered a descendant of Musa al-Kadhim. His leadership laid the foundation for the Safavid political and military influence.

What role did Junayd play in the early Safavid military efforts?

Junayd, who led the Safavid movement in the early 15th century, formed a powerful military force. His leadership and efforts were crucial in positioning the Safavid group to enter political spheres, though he ultimately died in battle while attempting to expand their influence.

What was the outcome of Junayd's conflict with the Karo Kowe tribe?

Junayd's forces initially clashed with the Karo Kowe tribe, but after a fierce battle, Junayd's group was defeated, and Junayd himself died while attempting to conquer territories.

How did Haidar contribute to the Safavid military efforts?

Haidar, Junayd's successor, expanded the Safavid military power and successfully conquered areas such as Circassia, solidifying their influence. He, however, died in battle, passing on the leadership to his son, Ali.

What event led to Ali and his brothers being imprisoned?

Ali, along with his brothers Ibrahim and Ismail, were captured and imprisoned in 1489-1493 after a series of military conflicts. They were freed under the condition that they would assist Rustam, the heir to the Kolb family, in fighting his cousin.

What happened after Ali and his brothers were freed by Rustam?

After being freed, Ali and his brothers helped Rustam defeat his cousin, but Rustam later betrayed them and attacked them. Ali was eventually killed in 1494, marking a significant turning point in Safavid leadership.

Who became the leader of the Safavid dynasty after Ali's death?

After Ali's death, leadership of the Safavid dynasty passed to Ismail, who was only seven years old at the time.

What major religious and political decision did Ismail make upon assuming leadership?

Upon assuming leadership, Ismail established the Safavid dynasty and declared Twelver Shia Islam as the state religion, marking a major shift in the religious landscape of the region.

What is the significance of the term 'Shia' in the context of the Safavid dynasty?

'Shia' refers to the followers of Ali, who is considered the rightful successor of the Prophet Muhammad by Shia Muslims. The Safavid dynasty officially adopted Shia Islam, specifically the Twelver Shia branch, and made it the state religion.