(PART 1) CHAPTER 3: WESTERN ART HISTORY
Summary
TLDRThe video script provides an in-depth exploration of Western art history, focusing on five significant periods and their contributions to the evolution of art. It begins with a tribute to Salvador Dali's painting, 'The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory,' before delving into the objectives of understanding the history of art, identifying famous artists, and giving examples of art pieces from each period. The discussion is structured around the broad scope of Western art, which encompasses art from Western Europe and its global influence. The script outlines the five great periods: Prehistoric, Ancient Egyptian, Greek, Medieval, and the Renaissance, with a detailed look at the Prehistoric period, including the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages. It describes the development of art forms like megalithic structures and the tools used during the Stone Age, such as pebble, bifacial, flake, and blade tools. The summary highlights the importance of these periods in shaping our modern concept of art.
Takeaways
- 🎨 The featured painting for the title slide is 'The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory' by Salvador Dali, created between 1952-1954.
- 📏 The painting's dimensions are 25.4 by 33 centimeters and it is housed in the Salvador Dali Museum.
- 🎓 The class objectives are to describe the history and evolution of art through five great art periods, give examples of art pieces for each period, and identify famous artists of Western Europe.
- 🌍 'Western art' broadly describes the art of Western Europe and is also a category for art forms with European roots that are now widespread geographically.
- 🖼️ Western art is divided into five great periods: Prehistoric, Ancient Egyptian, Greek, Medieval, and Renaissance.
- ⚙️ The Prehistoric period includes the Stone Age, which is further divided into Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic sub-periods.
- 🔥 The Paleolithic period is known for the major discovery of fire and the use of stone tools.
- 🌱 The Mesolithic period was a time of transition with cultural and environmental changes, including the end of the ice age and the rise of fishing as a major food source.
- 🌾 The Neolithic period marked a shift from hunting and gathering to farming, leading to the development of monumental stone architecture, or megaliths.
- 🗿 Megalithic art includes menhirs (standing stones), dolmens (chamber tombs), and cromlechs (stone circles), with Stonehenge as a famous example.
- 🛠️ Stone tools from the Paleolithic period include pebble tools (the oldest cutting device), bifacial tools (hand axes), flake tools (multi-purpose), and blade tools (long, narrow flakes used in larger tools).
- ➡️ The development of different types of stone tools reflects the technological advancements and diverse uses during the Prehistoric period.
Q & A
What is the title of the featured painting for the class's title slide?
-The featured painting is entitled 'The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory' by Salvador Dali.
During which years was Salvador Dali's painting 'The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory' created?
-The painting was created between 1952 and 1954.
What are the dimensions of Salvador Dali's 'The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory'?
-The dimensions of the painting are 25.4 by 33 centimeters.
What are the three objectives for the chapter on Western art history?
-The three objectives are: 1) to describe the history and evolution of art through the five great art periods, 2) to give concrete examples of art pieces for every period, and 3) to identify the famous artists of Western Europe.
How is 'Western art' generally defined in the context of the discussion?
-Western art largely describes the art of Western Europe and is also used as a general category for forms of art that have their roots in Europe but are now geographically widespread.
What are the five great periods into which Western art can be divided?
-The five great periods are the prehistoric period, the ancient Egyptian period, the Greek period, the medieval period, and the Renaissance period.
What is the significance of the term 'Paleolithic'?
-The term 'Paleolithic' comes from two Greek words, 'palaios' meaning old and 'lithos' meaning stone, roughly translating to 'Old Stone Age'.
What was the primary discovery during the Paleolithic period?
-The primary discovery during the Paleolithic period was the usage of fire.
What is the meaning of the term 'Neolithic'?
-The term 'Neolithic' comes from two Greek words, 'neos' meaning new and 'lithos' meaning stone, roughly translating to 'New Stone Age'.
What was the revolutionary shift during the Neolithic period?
-The revolutionary shift during the Neolithic period was from hunting and gathering towards farming or agriculture.
What are the three different types of megalithic art?
-The three different types of megalithic art are menhirs (single upright stones), dolmens (chamber tombs), and cromlechs (circles or semicircles of menhirs).
What is the primary use of a pebble tool during the Stone Age?
-The primary use of a pebble tool was as a cutting device, considered the oldest type of tool made by humans and a prototype of modern knives.
Outlines
🎨 Introduction to Western Art History
The video script begins with a welcome and a moment of silence before diving into the topic of Western Art History, specifically focusing on Chapter Three. The featured painting for the title slide is Salvador Dali's 'The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory,' created between 1952 and 1954, and housed in the Salvador Dali Museum. The chapter's objectives are to describe the history and evolution of art through five significant periods, provide examples of art pieces from each period, and identify famous artists from Western Europe. Western Art is broadly defined, encompassing art from Western Europe and other forms with European roots. The five periods are the Prehistoric, Ancient Egyptian, Greek, Medieval, and Renaissance periods. Each period's art has influenced the evolution of art and shaped modern perceptions of it.
🏺 Prehistoric Art and its Subdivisions
The script discusses the Prehistoric period, which lacks a written history and is divided into three main eras: the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. The Stone Age is further subdivided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods. The Paleolithic era is known for the discovery of fire and the use of stone tools. The Mesolithic period marks a transition with significant cultural and environmental changes, leading to the rise of fishing as a major food source. The Neolithic period sees a shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture, resulting in the creation of new art forms like monumental stone architecture, or megaliths. Megalithic art includes menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs, with examples such as the menhirs in Carnac, Brittany, France, and Stonehenge in Wiltshire, UK. Stonehenge is believed to have been used as a sundial and a communal place for rituals.
🛠️ Tools of the Stone Age
The script outlines the types of stone tools used during the Stone Age. The pebble tool, the oldest known cutting device, is described as a prototype for modern knives. The bifacial tool, a hand axe with two sharp faces, served multiple purposes such as a knife, picker, scraper, or weapon. Flake tools, made by breaking off fragments from a stone, were versatile but prone to chipping. The retouch process was used to sharpen these tools. Blade tools, created by striking a long, narrow flake from a stone core, were integrated into larger tools and had a flat side for attachment. The first weapon, the spear, is mentioned as having been created during this period.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Western Art
💡The Persistence of Memory
💡Prehistoric Art
💡Stone Age
💡Megalithic Art
💡Paleolithic
💡Mesolithic
💡Neolithic
💡Bronze Age
💡Iron Age
💡Lithic Reduction
Highlights
The class begins with a minute of silence for personal prayers before diving into the discussion of Western art history.
The featured painting for the title slide is Salvador Dali's 'The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory', created between 1952-1954.
The painting 'The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory' measures 25.4 by 33 centimeters and is housed in the Salvador Dali Museum.
The class objectives include describing the history and evolution of art through five great art periods, providing examples of art pieces for each period, and identifying famous Western European artists.
Western art is broadly defined, encompassing thousands of art pieces and is often used as a general category for art forms with European roots.
The art piece's origin in Western Europe, rather than its current location, determines if it is labeled as Western art.
Western art is divided into five great periods: Prehistoric, Ancient Egyptian, Greek, Medieval, and the Renaissance.
Prehistoric art pertains to a time with no writing system, and it is further divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods.
The Paleolithic period is marked by the discovery of fire and the use of stone tools and weapons.
The Mesolithic period is a transitional era known for cultural and environmental changes, including the end of the ice age and the rise of fishing as a major food source.
The Neolithic period signifies a revolutionary shift from hunting and gathering to farming, leading to the development of monumental stone architecture, or megaliths.
Megalithic art includes menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs, with examples like Stonehenge used for various purposes such as timekeeping and rituals.
Stone tools from the Paleolithic period include pebble tools, bifacial tools, flake tools, and blade tools, each with specific uses and advantages.
The pebble tool is considered the oldest type of tool made by humans, serving as a prototype for modern knives.
Bifacial tools, such as hand axes, could be used as knives, pickers, scrapers for meat, or weapons.
Flake tools, despite being prone to chipping, are versatile and can be likened to a Swiss knife with multiple uses.
Blade tools, created by striking a long narrow flake from a stone core, are integrated into larger tools and represent an advancement in tool-making.
The development of agriculture in the Neolithic period contributed to the creation of new art forms and the establishment of settled agricultural communities.
Transcripts
hey hello
everyone and welcome back to our online
class for today's discussion
we will be tackling chapter three
western art
history but before we begin with our
class let's have a minute of silence for
our personal
prayers
okay now we can start with our
class now before we begin with the basic
objectives of this chapter
i will be explaining first the featured
painting for our title slide
the featured painting is entitled the
disintegration of the persistence of
memory
by salvador dali
the featured painting was created
between 1952-1954
it has a dimension of 25.4 by 33
centimeters and it is currently housed
in the salvador dali
we have three objectives for this
chapter number one
for us to be able to describe the
history and evolution of art
through the five great art periods
second for us to be able to give
concrete examples of art pieces for
every period
and our last objective to be able to
identify
the famous artists of western europe
now before we discuss the different art
pieces
belonging to the five great art periods
let us start first by defining the term
western art now when we say western art
it has a very broad scope there are
thousands of art pieces
which you can label under the wing of
western art
even the term west and east or west
versus east is still debatable how can
we say
these specific countries or locations
belong to west
and these particular locations belong to
the east because it would depend on
where you stand but how you
differentiate the different directions
but for the sake of this discussion when
we say
western art it largely describes
the art of western europe but
is also used as a general category for
forms of art
that are now geographically widespread
but
have their roots in europe now for
example there is
a specific art piece being housed in a
museum
in singapore which we can label
under the east side
even though the artist is currently
housed in singapore but if the painting
or the art piece
was made back in western europe
then it can still be labeled under the
umbrella
of western art it doesn't matter where
the
art piece is currently located as long
as it was
made back in western europe it can still
be labeled
as western part
western art can be divided into five
great periods
the first one we have the prehistoric
period
the second one we have the ancient
egyptian period
the third one we have the greek period
fourth
you have medieval period and the last
period which is considered as the golden
age of western european art
we have the renaissance period now to
make our discussion much
easier for every period i will be giving
concrete examples of art pieces
so that you would have an idea on what
are the types of style artistic styles
that was present during that period
each of the great art period have their
own impact
or contribution to the evolution of art
in general
and each of this period have helped or
shaped on how we visualize
the concept of art in the modern time
and for that let us start with the very
first great art period
and that is the prehistoric art
now when we say prehistoric it pertains
to a time
in our history where there is still no
writing system
to document our history so the
prehistoric period can be divided
into three the first one we have the
stone
age okay the designation of these
periods as stone age
derives from the use of stone tools and
weapons
during that time now the stone age
period can still be
further subdivided into three periods
the first one we have paleolithic now
the word
paleolithic comes from two greek words
we have
malayas which means old and
lithos which means stone so it can
roughly translate
as old stone age during the paleolithic
period the major discovery
was fire the usage of fire now the
second subtype
we have the mesolithic the word
mesolithic comes from two greek words
again
we have mesos which means middle
and lithos which means stone so it can
roughly translate
as middle stone age now
mesolithic period was an era in western
europe
wherein it became a period of transition
more noteworthy for its cultural and
environmental changes
rather than for its art because it
followed the
end of the ice age and the development
of a more
temperate climate in about 11 000 bc
now with the retreat of the glaciers the
glaciers were slowly melting
and because of that forests have
expanded
animals that had been hunted in on the
paleolithic
area they have either died or they have
migrated
to other places and people began to
congregate
around bodies of water so because of
these
changes another source of food
subsistence
was created by the people aside from
hunting and gathering
fishing became a major source of food
now by the end of the mesolithic period
many nomadic
hunter-gatherer societies were becoming
settled agricultural communities
now the last sub type you have
neolithic period now the concept of
neolithic comes
from two greek words again we have neos
which means new and lithos which means
so it can roughly translate as the new
stone
age during the new stone age it was the
revolutionary shift
from hunting and gathering towards
farming or agriculture so it was in the
neolithic
period where in a new source of food
production or food subsistence again
was discovered and that is agriculture
or farming
it contributed to the development of a
new
art form and that is monumental stone
architecture
or what we call as megaliths
now the second we have the bronze age
which is characterized by the use of
bronze and the last period in the
prehistoric period
you have the iron age which is
characterized by the use
of iron and steel
as what i have shared to you in the
previous slide during the neolithic
period there was a new form of art that
was created
and that is megalith or megalithic art
now there are three
different types of megadeth art
the first type of megalithic art is what
you call
men here now the term men here came from
two celtic words men meaning stone
and here meaning law so these are on
human or slightly shaped single stones
or
monolith usually standing upright in the
ground now please look at the left side
of the slide you can see an example of
amen here
which is located in carnac brittany in
france now what was the purpose of men
here for prehistoric people
men here were used by the people as
a territory divider between
communities
the second type of megalithic art or
meaning stone so these are chambers or
enclosures
consisting of two or more vertical
stones
supporting a large single stone much as
legs
support a table now please look again on
the left side
that is another example of a dull men
from the same place
in karna brittany in france now what was
the purpose of dolmen
for prehistoric people the men were used
as
burial chambers or a collection of these
were used as underground tunnels
the last type of megalithic art are
chromelecs
chromelec came from the celtic word
which means
circular place in english these are
megalithic structures in which groups of
men here
form circles or semicircles now
according to archaeologists
the stonehenge was used as a sundial to
determine
time for it is strategically located on
top of a hill
another theory was it was used as a
communal place
where prehistoric people can conduct
rituals and the famous example of a
chrome leg
is stonehenge which is located in
wiltshire united
kingdom
now let us continue with the tools used
during the sewing age period
the first type of stone tool is what we
call a pebble tool
a pebble tool contains a curved edge on
the other side
and a sharp edge on the other the pebble
tool is the very first cutting device
created by humans and considered as the
oldest type of
tool made by humans if you would look
closely at the picture on your right
your pebble tool is actually a prototype
of
our modern knives because the handle
is located on the other side and the
blade
is located on the opposite side
the second type is by facial tool a
bifacial tool is a hand axe
it is a prehistoric stone tool flake
with two
faces or two sides the bi-facial tool
can be used as a knife it can also be
used as a picker
a scraper for meat or weapon
the third type you have your flake tool
this hand tool are usually formed by
crushing off a small
or large fragment then used as the tool
one disadvantage of a flake tool is it
easily gets
blood or madeline but a flake tool
is also advantageous because it can be
likened to a swiss knife
it has multiple purposes every side of a
flake tool
has different levels of sharpness
therefore
it can be used in many ways
new flakes were very sharp but it
quickly becomes
blunt during the use and had to be
sharpened again
by further flaking and this process
is called the retouch process
the last type of stone tool or what you
call a blade tool
blade tools our stone tools created by
striking
a long narrow flake from a stone core
this procedure of cutting the stone
and creating the blades is called lithic
reduction now if you would compare
this kind of tool versus a bifacial tool
they may look slightly the same but if
you would look at the
ends closely the blade tool is
sharp on the opposite end while the
other side is
flat bifacial tool both of its ends
are sharp now why is the other end of a
blade tool
flat because after shipping the blades
they are being integrated
into larger tools the very first weapon
that was created by humans and that is
a spear
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