Penatalaksanaan Ekstravasasi

Summary

This video provides a comprehensive guide on the management of chemotherapy extravasation, which occurs when chemotherapy drugs leak into surrounding tissues during intravenous administration. It covers the risk factors, signs, and symptoms, including swelling, redness, and pain at the infusion site. The steps for managing extravasation are outlined, from hand hygiene and patient identification to administering anti-inflammatory medications, applying cold or warm compresses, and documenting the procedure. The video emphasizes the importance of careful handling and monitoring to prevent further complications.

Takeaways

• 😀 Extravasation refers to the leakage of chemotherapy drugs into the surrounding tissue, causing potential damage and complications.
• 😀 Factors that increase the risk of extravasation include the type of chemotherapy drug, vein conditions, patient age, obesity, and intravenous access methods.
• 😀 Early signs of extravasation include swelling, redness, burning sensations, pain, and numbness at the infusion site.
• 😀 If extravasation occurs, immediately perform hand hygiene and prepare the necessary equipment and medications.
• 😀 The proper procedure includes using antiseptic wipes, anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., Dexamethasone injection), and compresses for treatment.
• 😀 Ensure to identify and verify the patient’s information, including name and medical record number, before proceeding with the extravasation management.
• 😀 Anti-inflammatory injections, such as Dexamethasone, should be diluted and administered carefully via the intravenous catheter.
• 😀 After extravasation, remove the infusion catheter gently, ensuring no chemotherapy spill occurs, and keep the catheter in place if necessary.
• 😀 Mark and document the extravasation area, apply hydrocortisone ointment, and monitor the site for 24-hour intervals for further complications.
• 😀 Dispose of all used materials in designated waste containers and perform additional monitoring of the patient's condition and vital signs.

Q & A

What is extravasation in chemotherapy?

Extravasation in chemotherapy refers to the leakage of chemotherapy drugs from the intravenous infusion site into the surrounding tissue, which can cause damage ranging from mild irritation to severe tissue necrosis.

What are the primary risk factors for extravasation?

The primary risk factors for extravasation include the type of chemotherapy drug, the condition of the patient's veins, the patient's age, obesity, nutritional status, edema, and the type of intravenous access used.

What are the common early signs and symptoms of extravasation?

Early signs of extravasation include swelling, redness, burning sensations, pain, and numbness around the infusion site. The patient may also report a sensation similar to being stung.

What is the first step in managing extravasation once it is identified?

The first step in managing extravasation is to wash hands thoroughly using six steps and running water to ensure hygiene and prevent further contamination.

What should healthcare providers prepare for managing an extravasation incident?

Healthcare providers should prepare materials such as alcohol swabs, sterile gauze, Dexamethasone injections, hydrocortisone ointment, NaCl 0.9%, warm or cold compresses, double gloves, and protective clothing.

How should the infusion site be managed during extravasation?

The infusion should be stopped immediately, and the infusion catheter should be carefully removed without spilling any chemotherapy fluid. The area should be cleaned, and the catheter should be checked for any remaining fluid.

What anti-inflammatory treatment is used during the management of extravasation?

Dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory drug, is typically administered through the intravenous catheter to reduce inflammation and prevent further tissue damage.

How should the area affected by extravasation be treated after the initial steps?

After removing the catheter, the area should be marked, photographed, and treated with hydrocortisone ointment. Compresses (either warm or cold, depending on the chemotherapy drug type) should be applied for 15-20 minutes every 6 hours for 2 days.

What should be done with the used medical equipment after managing an extravasation incident?

All used medical equipment should be disposed of properly in a cytotoxic waste bag (purple color), which should be tightly sealed to prevent contamination.

What is the recommended follow-up procedure after extravasation treatment?

The patient should be monitored for 24 hours to evaluate the response to treatment, and the healthcare provider should ensure there are no signs of further complications. Pain management and additional care may be needed, and the area should be rested and elevated.