Sifat, Fungsi, dan Ragam Bahasa | Sesi 1

Summary

In this presentation, Satria Wijaya explains the nature, functions, and varieties of language. He explores the importance of studying language both as a science and a skill used for communication in daily life. The script highlights key linguistic theories, including Saussure's concept of language as a system of signs, Jakobson's functions of language (informative, expressive, and persuasive), and Halliday's view of language as a tool for social interaction. The nature of language is discussed in terms of its structure, arbitrariness, symbolism, productivity, and its dynamic, ever-evolving nature. The session concludes by emphasizing the fundamental role of language in communication.

Takeaways

• 😀 Language is an essential tool for communication, both as a science and a skill, used in daily activities such as learning, work, and social interactions.
• 😀 Ferdinand de Saussure defined language as a system of signs consisting of the 'signifier' (sound/image) and the 'signified' (concept).
• 😀 Language functions as a means of conveying information, expressing thoughts and feelings, and persuading others to take action.
• 😀 According to Roman Jakobson, the three main functions of language are informative, expressive, and persuasive.
• 😀 Language serves as a social tool for interaction, as outlined by Michael Halliday, who emphasized its role in creating and sharing meaning.
• 😀 Spoken language is considered the 'primary' form of communication, while written language is secondary but still essential in specific contexts.
• 😀 Language is arbitrary, meaning its meaning is not inherent but agreed upon by the speakers and users of that language.
• 😀 Language is symbolic—words and expressions function as symbols that carry meaning understood by speakers.
• 😀 Language is dynamic, constantly evolving to reflect societal changes, technological advancements, and new ideas.
• 😀 Language is productive, enabling users to generate an infinite number of expressions, sentences, and ideas.
• 😀 Language is informative by nature, and its core function is to convey ideas, information, or emotions to others, whether through speech or writing.

Q & A

Why is it important to study language according to the speaker?

Studying language is important because it is essential for communication in daily life, whether for learning, working, or socializing. Understanding language helps us transfer information, express ideas, and engage in various activities.

What is the definition of language according to Ferdinand de Saussure?

Ferdinand de Saussure defines language as a system of signs consisting of two parts: *signifiers* (the form of the word, such as sounds or written symbols) and *signified* (the meaning or concept associated with the word).

How does Roman Jakobson classify the functions of language?

Roman Jakobson identifies three primary functions of language: the *informative* function (to convey information), the *expressive* function (to express feelings or thoughts), and the *persuasive* function (to influence or persuade others).

According to Michael Halliday, what role does language play?

Michael Halliday views language as a tool for social interaction and meaning-making, helping individuals convey messages and build relationships with others in society.

What is meant by 'arbitrary' in the context of language characteristics?

In the context of language, 'arbitrary' refers to the fact that the meanings of words are not inherently tied to the objects or concepts they represent. The meanings of words are agreed upon by the users of the language and can vary between languages or cultures.

What is the difference between 'primary' and 'secondary' language as mentioned in the script?

The 'primary' language refers to spoken language, which is the most commonly used form of communication. 'Secondary' language refers to written language, which, while still important, is used less frequently in daily interactions and is often used for formal communication or record-keeping.

What does the speaker mean by the 'symbolic' nature of language?

The symbolic nature of language means that language functions as a system of symbols, where each word or sign has a meaning that is understood by its users. These symbols can be heard, seen, or felt, and they carry messages that can convey complex ideas and concepts.

How does language serve as a 'productive' tool according to the speaker?

Language is described as 'productive' because it allows speakers and writers to create new expressions, phrases, or ideas. This means that language can be actively used to generate new meanings or to adapt to new situations.

What does it mean that language is 'dynamic'?

Language is dynamic because it changes over time. New words, expressions, and meanings are constantly added, and existing words may change in form or usage, reflecting shifts in culture, society, and technology.

Why is language described as 'systematic' in the script?

Language is described as 'systematic' because it follows a structured system of rules and patterns. This includes grammar, syntax, and sentence structures, which help ensure that language is used coherently and effectively to communicate meaning.