Model Pengembangan Kurikulum

Summary

This session discusses various models of curriculum development, focusing on the Tyler, Administrative, Grassroots, and Demonstration models. The Tyler model emphasizes systematic steps for setting goals, organizing learning, and evaluating progress. The Administrative model follows a top-down approach, with curriculum developed by central authorities and experts. The Grassroots model involves teachers in curriculum creation, promoting a bottom-up, democratic process. The Demonstration model features experimental approaches where small-scale curriculum innovations are tested before broader implementation. The session encourages further exploration of these models, particularly their practical application in educational settings.

Takeaways

• 😀 Curriculum development is influenced by various factors, including thinking styles, political values, culture, society, and the needs of both students and the community.
• 😀 The process of curriculum development involves three key activities: designing, implementing, and evaluating the curriculum.
• 😀 A curriculum model serves as an alternative procedure for creating, applying, and assessing a curriculum to ensure structured and goal-oriented development.
• 😀 Curriculum models must align with educational objectives, focusing on students' subject needs, competence acquisition, and addressing societal issues.
• 😀 The Tyler Model of curriculum development involves four steps: defining educational goals, determining learning processes, organizing learning experiences, and evaluating learning outcomes.
• 😀 The Administrative Model of curriculum development is top-down, starting from government authorities, moving to curriculum development teams, and culminating in curriculum implementation at schools.
• 😀 In the Administrative Model, curriculum ideas are initially formed by top-level officials, followed by the establishment of implementation teams that develop the curriculum in detail.
• 😀 The Grass-Root Model flips the top-down approach, focusing on curriculum development initiated by teachers at the classroom or school level, offering a more democratic and participatory process.
• 😀 The Grass-Root Model is particularly effective because it leverages teachers' direct classroom experience to improve and adapt the curriculum based on real-world challenges.
• 😀 The Demonstration Model involves small-scale experimental curriculum implementation by select teachers, with the goal of testing and refining the curriculum before broader adoption.
• 😀 The Demonstration Model can work in two ways: government-appointed teams of teachers conduct trials to refine curriculum or individual teachers initiate improvements based on their own experiences and experiments.

Q & A

What are the key steps involved in the Tyler Model of curriculum development?

The Tyler Model involves four key steps: 1) Determine educational objectives, 2) Design the learning process, 3) Organize learning experiences, and 4) Evaluate the learning outcomes.

How does the Administrative Model of curriculum development differ from the Tyler Model?

The Administrative Model follows a top-down approach where curriculum development is initiated by educational authorities and experts. It involves forming teams to design the curriculum, reviewing and revising the draft, conducting pilot testing, and then implementing changes based on feedback. In contrast, the Tyler Model is more focused on setting clear objectives and evaluation mechanisms.

What are the advantages of the Grass-Root Model in curriculum development?

The Grass-Root Model empowers teachers by involving them directly in the curriculum development process. It is democratic, as it allows teachers to propose improvements based on their experience in the classroom. This model also encourages creativity and ensures that the curriculum is relevant to the students' needs.

What is the role of teachers in the Grass-Root Model of curriculum development?

In the Grass-Root Model, teachers are the primary drivers of curriculum development. They are involved in all stages, from defining educational objectives to selecting materials and determining assessment methods. Their direct experience with students ensures the curriculum is practical and tailored to real classroom challenges.

How is the Demonstration Model implemented in curriculum development?

The Demonstration Model involves trialing new curriculum ideas on a small scale before they are adopted more widely. It can be implemented in two ways: 1) A group of teachers tests a proposed curriculum, and based on results, the curriculum is modified and scaled up. 2) Teachers dissatisfied with the current curriculum independently develop new ideas, which are tested and refined.

What is the main characteristic of the Administrative Model's approach to curriculum development?

The Administrative Model is characterized by its hierarchical, top-down approach. It begins with educational authorities generating initial ideas and then forms teams of experts to develop, review, and refine the curriculum. It is highly structured and involves significant oversight from higher authorities.

What is the focus of the Tyler Model in terms of curriculum evaluation?

The Tyler Model places a strong emphasis on evaluating the learning outcomes. Evaluation should be aligned with the educational objectives, ensuring that students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes are assessed in a way that reflects the goals set at the beginning of the curriculum development process.

How does the Grass-Root Model promote innovation in education?

The Grass-Root Model promotes innovation by allowing teachers, who are directly involved in the classroom, to experiment with new ideas and approaches. This model encourages teachers to develop creative, dynamic, and relevant curriculum changes based on real-time classroom experiences.

What are the potential challenges of implementing the Administrative Model in curriculum development?

One potential challenge of the Administrative Model is its top-down nature, which may result in a curriculum that does not always align with the specific needs or realities of individual classrooms. Additionally, the process can be slow and bureaucratic, as it requires extensive coordination and approval at multiple levels.

What are the primary goals of the curriculum development process according to the Tyler Model?

The primary goals of the Tyler Model are to ensure that the curriculum is designed with clear, measurable objectives, to create a structured and systematic approach to learning, and to evaluate both the process and outcomes of education to ensure effectiveness.