APBN DAN APBD : EKONOMI KELAS 11 (PART 2)

Summary

This video explains Indonesia's State Budget (APBN) and its principles, mechanisms, policies, and economic impacts. It covers the drafting principles based on revenues and expenditures, the legal framework, and the process of submitting and approving the budget. The video explores three fiscal policies: surplus, balanced, and deficit, noting Indonesia’s adoption of a deficit budget. It also outlines the significant influence of APBN on economic stabilization, poverty alleviation, job creation, and development. Overall, the video provides a comprehensive understanding of how the national budget shapes the country’s fiscal and economic strategies.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses Indonesia's APBN (State Budget) and APBD (Regional Budget), focusing on principles, mechanisms, policies, and the impact of APBN on the economy.
• 😀 The principles of APBN preparation are based on revenue and expenditure aspects. For revenue, the principle is intensifying income collection, while for expenditures, the focus is on efficiency and alignment with planned programs.
• 😀 The foundations of APBN preparation include the 1945 Constitution (Article 23) and several key laws such as the Law No. 1/1994 on state revenues and expenditures.
• 😀 The process of preparing APBN involves the President, assisted by the Ministry of Finance, presenting a budget proposal to the DPR (Indonesian Parliament). If accepted, it becomes the official APBN; if rejected, the previous year's budget is used.
• 😀 There are three main types of budget policies: surplus, balanced, and deficit budgets. A surplus occurs when government spending is lower than revenue, while a deficit happens when spending exceeds revenue.
• 😀 Indonesia currently operates under a deficit budget policy, where government expenditures exceed state revenues in order to stimulate economic growth.
• 😀 A surplus budget happens when the government has more revenue than expenditure, leading to savings. A balanced budget maintains equal revenue and expenditure.
• 😀 The budget deficit policy helps stimulate economic growth, especially when the government is investing more than it earns.
• 😀 APBN's impact on the economy includes stabilizing fluctuations, addressing poverty, managing natural disasters and diseases, and improving the welfare of the population.
• 😀 APBN also plays a role in fostering economic growth, creating job opportunities, and supporting full employment through government projects.
• 😀 The APBN helps ensure economic stability by allowing the government to intervene during economic downturns, for example, by reducing taxes or increasing subsidies.

Q & A

What are the two main principles of APBN preparation based on income and expenditure?

The principles based on income focus on the intensification of receipts, ensuring the proper amount and timely collection of government revenues. On the expenditure side, the principles emphasize efficiency and effectiveness in the use of government funds, ensuring spending aligns with planned activities.

What is the legal foundation of the APBN in Indonesia?

The APBN is grounded in the 1945 Constitution, particularly Article 23, and supported by Law No. 1 of 1994 on state revenue and expenditure, as well as Presidential Decree No. 1 of 1994 regarding its implementation.

What is the role of the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR) in the APBN preparation process?

The DPR's role is to review and approve the RAPBN (draft state budget) proposed by the President. After receiving the financial note, the DPR discusses it and may consult with the Regional Representative Council (DPD) before deciding whether to approve or reject the budget.

What happens if the DPR rejects the RAPBN proposed by the President?

If the DPR rejects the RAPBN, the government will continue to use the previous year's APBN until a new one is approved.

What is the current budget policy of Indonesia?

Indonesia is currently following a deficit budget policy, where government expenditure exceeds its revenue. This is often used to stimulate economic growth and manage development projects.

What are the three main types of budget policies mentioned in the video?

The three main types of budget policies are: 1) Surplus budget, where government revenue exceeds expenditures; 2) Balanced budget, where government revenue equals expenditures; 3) Deficit budget, where expenditures exceed revenue, used for economic growth stimulation.

Why does Indonesia use a deficit budget?

Indonesia uses a deficit budget because its government expenditure is higher than its revenue, and the deficit is intended to boost economic growth by funding development and public welfare projects.

How does the APBN impact the Indonesian economy?

The APBN helps stabilize the economy by managing fiscal policies like adjusting taxes or subsidies. It also addresses poverty, disaster impacts, and social welfare, while promoting full employment and economic development through large-scale projects.

What are the key impacts of APBN on economic stability?

APBN stabilizes the economy by reducing fluctuations through fiscal policy tools. It can, for instance, lower taxes or increase subsidies during economic downturns to stimulate recovery.

What is meant by the 'priority development' principle in APBN preparation?

The 'priority development' principle means that the government prioritizes spending on programs that provide the greatest benefit to the public, focusing on areas that are most critical for national development.