SEJARAH DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA.

Summary

The video outlines the complex evolution of democracy in Indonesia, starting from early 20th-century colonial influences to the proclamation of independence in 1945. It discusses the establishment of parliamentary democracy, the challenges faced during the Guided Democracy under Sukarno, and the subsequent New Order regime under Suharto. The narrative highlights significant electoral milestones, the struggle for democratic principles, and the reforms initiated post-Suharto in the era of reformasi, emphasizing the ongoing challenges and criticisms within Indonesia's democratic system.

Takeaways

• 🇮🇩 Indonesia is the largest democracy in the world, with a population of over 270 million.
• 📚 The term 'democracy' originates from the Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'kratos' (power or governance).
• 🗳️ The history of democracy in Indonesia began in the early 20th century during Dutch colonial rule, influenced by Western democratic ideas.
• 👩‍🎓 Young Indonesians studying in Europe, like Muhammad Hatta, played a significant role in introducing democratic concepts to Indonesia.
• 🎉 Indonesia declared independence on August 17, 1945, marking a crucial step towards establishing democracy.
• 🏛️ The parliamentary democracy phase lasted from independence until 1959 but was considered unsuitable due to weak democratic culture.
• 🗳️ The first election in Indonesia was held in 1955, praised for its healthy competition among over 30 political parties.
• 👨‍⚖️ Guided democracy began in 1959 under President Sukarno, emphasizing presidential authority and influenced by communist ideologies.
• ⚖️ The New Order regime, led by Suharto from 1965, also experienced democratic deviations despite being based on Pancasila principles.
• 🔄 The Reformation Era re-established democracy in Indonesia, focusing on direct elections, freedom of speech, decentralization, and inclusive political recruitment.

Q & A

What is the historical significance of democracy in Indonesia?

Democracy in Indonesia has a complex history, beginning in the early 20th century during Dutch colonial rule, influenced by Western democratic ideas. It has evolved through various phases, reflecting Indonesia's unique socio-political context.

What are the etymological roots of the term 'democracy'?

The term 'democracy' is derived from the Greek words 'demos' meaning 'people' and 'kratos' meaning 'rule' or 'government'. It signifies a system where the people govern, either directly or through representatives.

How did Western democratic ideas influence Indonesian youth in the early 20th century?

Indonesian students studying in Europe were exposed to Western democratic concepts through books and discussions, which inspired them to advocate for democracy and independence in Indonesia.

What was the outcome of Indonesia's first general election in 1955?

The 1955 general election was notable for its high level of participation, with over 30 political parties involved. It was praised for its democratic conduct, where candidates did not misuse state resources to influence voters.

What characterized the parliamentary democracy phase in Indonesia?

The parliamentary democracy phase lasted until 1959 and emphasized the role of parliament in governance. However, it struggled with the cultural adaptation of Western democratic practices, leading to challenges in its implementation.

What was 'guided democracy' as introduced by Sukarno?

Guided democracy, initiated by President Sukarno in 1959, involved strong presidential control over political processes. It marked a shift towards a more authoritarian approach, with significant influence from the military and communist factions.

What was the impact of the political transition from Sukarno to Suharto in 1965?

The transition marked the end of Sukarno's guided democracy and the beginning of Suharto's New Order regime, which lasted for 32 years and was characterized by authoritarianism and various human rights violations.

What does the term 'Reformasi' refer to in Indonesian democracy?

'Reformasi' refers to the reform era post-1998 that aimed to restore fundamental democratic principles, such as direct elections, greater civil liberties, and political inclusivity after years of authoritarian rule.

How has the democratic system in Indonesia faced criticism?

Despite advancements, the Indonesian democratic system has faced criticism for issues such as corruption, limited political representation, and challenges in upholding civil rights, reflecting ongoing struggles within its democratic framework.

What role did the youth play in the democratization process of Indonesia?

Youth movements and students have historically been at the forefront of advocating for democracy and reforms in Indonesia, significantly influencing political changes and public awareness about democratic rights.