Estimation of Plasma Glucose by GOD POD method || Demo on Glucose Estimation

Summary

In this informative video, Dr. Amit discusses blood glucose estimation using the glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) method. He outlines various methods for blood glucose estimation, highlighting the advantages of enzymatic methods over reduction methods due to fewer interfering substances and higher specificity. The video details the procedure for using the GOD-POD method, including necessary reagents, sample preparation, and optical density measurement. Additionally, Dr. Amit explains normal blood glucose ranges and the physiological and pathological causes of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The presentation also features common viva questions related to the topic, enhancing the viewer's understanding of biochemical principles.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses blood glucose estimation using the glucose oxidase peroxidase (GOD-POD) method, highlighting its importance in biochemistry.
• 😀 Blood glucose levels, primarily glucose, are crucial indicators of bodily functions and are regulated by hormones like insulin and glucagon.
• 😀 The three main methods for glucose estimation are reduction methods, condensation methods, and enzymatic methods, with enzymatic methods being the most specific and widely used today.
• 😀 Reduction methods, such as the Folin-Wu and Nelson-Somogyi methods, can be less reliable due to interference from other substances, while enzymatic methods minimize these issues.
• 😀 The principle of the GOD-POD method involves converting glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, which is then measured for color intensity, directly proportional to glucose concentration.
• 😀 Normal blood glucose levels are categorized as fasting (70-100 mg/dL), postprandial (≤140 mg/dL), and random (80-140 mg/dL).
• 😀 Hyperglycemia can result from factors like high carbohydrate intake and hormonal imbalances, while hypoglycemia can be caused by insulin overdose or starvation.
• 😀 Common tests for diagnosing diabetes include HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
• 😀 The American Diabetes Association outlines diagnostic criteria for diabetes, including specific thresholds for blood sugar levels.
• 😀 The practical demonstration includes labeling test tubes, preparing samples, incubating, and measuring optical density to calculate glucose concentration.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video on blood glucose estimation?

The video discusses the estimation of blood glucose using the glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) method, along with an overview of different methods available for blood glucose estimation.

Why is blood glucose level considered an important indicator of body function?

Blood glucose levels indicate how well the body metabolizes carbohydrates and are regulated by hormones like insulin and glucagon, making them critical for assessing metabolic health.

What are the three main methods for glucose estimation mentioned in the video?

The three main methods are the reduction method, the condensation method, and the enzymatic method.

What are the advantages of enzymatic methods over reduction methods for glucose estimation?

Enzymatic methods are more specific, have fewer interfering substances, and provide a true measure of glucose levels compared to reduction methods, which are more susceptible to interference.

What is the principle behind the glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) method?

The GOD-POD method involves converting glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide using glucose oxidase, then measuring the resulting color change due to the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with phenol and aminoantipyrine, which produces a pink chromogen.

What reagents are required for the GOD-POD method?

The reagents required include glucose oxidase, peroxidase, four aminoantipyrine, phenol, and a glucose standard of 100 mg/dL.

What is the normal range for fasting blood glucose levels?

The normal range for fasting blood glucose is 70 to 100 mg/dL.

What physiological and pathological factors can lead to hyperglycemia?

Physiological factors include high carbohydrate diets, emotional distress, and pregnancy, while pathological factors include insulin deficiency and hyperactivity of adrenal or thyroid glands.

Why are fluoride tubes used for glucose estimation?

Fluoride tubes contain sodium fluoride, which inhibits the enolase enzyme of glycolysis, preventing glucose from being metabolized and allowing accurate measurement.

What diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus were mentioned in the video?

The criteria include a random blood sugar level ≥ 200 mg/dL with symptoms, fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dL, and a 2-hour post-load glucose level in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥ 200 mg/dL.