TRADISI FENOMENOLOGI | MENGENAL 7 TRADISI TEORI KOMUNIKASI | Anshar Akil

Summary

The lecture on phenomenology in communication theory explores how individuals understand the world through direct experience. It discusses key principles, including the significance of personal interactions and the role of language in shaping meaning. Influential theorists like Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Martin Heidegger highlight the subjective nature of experiences and the importance of the hermeneutic cycle in interpretation. The lecture emphasizes the intersubjective nature of communication, where gaps in understanding arise from differing perspectives, encouraging further exploration of related theories in interpersonal communication and cultural hermeneutics.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Communication theory encompasses seven traditions, including rhetoric, semiotics, and phenomenology.
• 🧠 Phenomenology is a method for understanding the world through direct human experience.
• 💬 According to philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty, knowledge of the world is derived from personal experiences.
• ❤️ Understanding emotions like love and hate requires direct experience rather than theoretical knowledge.
• 📚 Stanley Dits identifies three basic principles of phenomenology: direct knowledge through experience, the significance of objects in one's life, and language as a vehicle for meaning.
• 🔍 The concept of intentionality refers to the directedness of experience toward objects in the world.
• 🔄 Hermeneutic cycle involves a back-and-forth process of experiencing events and interpreting their meanings.
• 🎭 There are three branches of phenomenology: classical phenomenology, perceptual phenomenology, and hermeneutic phenomenology.
• 👥 Communication issues arise from gaps in subjective perspectives, emphasizing the importance of intersubjectivity.
• 📖 The study of phenomenology encourages deeper exploration of interpersonal communication theories and their implications.

Q & A

What is phenomenology in the context of communication theory?

Phenomenology is a tradition in communication theory that focuses on understanding the world through direct human experiences and how these experiences shape knowledge.

What are the seven traditions of communication theory according to Craig and Muller?

The seven traditions are rhetoric, semiotics, phenomenology, cybernetics, sociopsychological, sociocultural, and critical traditions.

What does the term 'phenomenon' refer to in phenomenology?

The term 'phenomenon' refers to the appearance of events or conditions as experienced by individuals, emphasizing subjective experiences.

Who is a key figure associated with classical phenomenology?

Edmund Husserl is a key figure associated with classical phenomenology, focusing on obtaining truth through direct, focused experiences.

What are the three key principles of phenomenology outlined in the video?

The three principles are: 1) Knowledge is discovered through direct experiences, 2) The meaning of an object depends on individual relationships with it, and 3) Language serves as a vehicle for conveying meaning.

How does phenomenology differ from semiotics in terms of interpretation?

In phenomenology, interpretation is integrated with reality, meaning interpretation actively shapes one's understanding of experiences, while in semiotics, interpretation is often considered separate from reality.

What is the hermeneutic cycle mentioned in the video?

The hermeneutic cycle is a process of interpreting an event or experience by revisiting and reflecting on it to refine its meaning, moving between specific instances and general understandings.

What distinguishes modern phenomenologists from classical phenomenologists?

Modern phenomenologists emphasize subjectivity in experiences, while classical phenomenologists, like Husserl, argue for an objective understanding of reality through focused experience.

What role does language play in phenomenology?

Language is crucial in phenomenology as it facilitates the expression and understanding of experiences, shaping how individuals make sense of their world.

Why are communication problems considered to stem from subjective gaps in phenomenology?

Communication problems arise from the inability to directly experience others' consciousness, leading to limited intersubjectivity and misunderstandings based on differing perspectives.