RELATIVE PRONOUNS | RELATIVE CLAUSES | ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - who, which, that, whose, whom

Summary

In this lesson, Arnel explores relative pronouns, including who, which, that, whose, and whom, along with their usage in relative clauses. He distinguishes between defining and non-defining relative clauses, explaining their importance in providing necessary or additional information about nouns. Arnel emphasizes the grammatical roles of relative pronouns as subjects or objects and offers practical examples to illustrate the differences. The session concludes with a mini test to reinforce learning, encouraging viewers to engage with the content and improve their understanding of these essential grammatical concepts.

Takeaways

• 😀 Relative pronouns include who, which, that, whose, and whom, used to connect clauses.
• 😀 Who and that are typically used for people, while which and that are used for things.
• 😀 Whose indicates possession and can be used for both people and things.
• 📚 Relative clauses describe nouns and consist of a subject and a verb.
• 📝 Defining relative clauses provide essential information to identify a noun and do not use commas.
• ✨ Non-defining relative clauses offer extra information and are separated by commas.
• 🔄 If the relative pronoun is the object of the clause, it can be removed; if it’s the subject, it cannot.
• 🧐 The difference between who and whom: who is a subject pronoun, while whom is an object pronoun.
• 📉 The use of 'whom' is declining in spoken English, with many opting for 'who' instead.
• 📝 Always place the relative clause directly after the noun it describes for clarity.

Q & A

What are the main relative pronouns discussed in the lesson?

The main relative pronouns discussed are who, which, that, whose, and whom.

What is the difference between defining and non-defining relative clauses?

Defining relative clauses provide necessary information to identify the noun, while non-defining relative clauses give extra information and are separated by commas.

When should 'that' be used instead of 'which'?

'That' is typically used in defining relative clauses and is less formal, whereas 'which' is used in non-defining clauses and is more formal.

How does the relative pronoun 'whose' function in a sentence?

'Whose' indicates possession and can refer to both people and things.

What is the grammatical role of 'who' in a relative clause?

'Who' is used as a subject in a relative clause.

Can the relative pronoun be removed in a sentence, and if so, when?

The relative pronoun can be removed if it is the object of the clause; it cannot be removed if it is the subject.

Why are commas important in non-defining relative clauses?

Commas are used to separate non-defining relative clauses to indicate that the clause provides additional information that can be omitted without changing the main meaning of the sentence.

What is the significance of using 'whom' in relative clauses?

'Whom' is used as the object of the verb in a relative clause and is becoming less common in spoken English.

How can relative clauses be identified in a sentence?

Relative clauses can be identified by looking for the relative pronoun that introduces them, which describes or provides more information about a noun.

What examples were provided for the use of 'who' and 'whom'?

Examples include: 'Jared was a prisoner who always broke the rules' (who as subject) and 'Jared was a prisoner whom everyone feared' (whom as object).