Migrasi Deutro dan Proto Melayu

GeEmGe History Channel

16 Feb 202106:42

Summary

TLDRThe transcript discusses the migration of Proto-Malay and Deutro-Malay ancestors of the Indonesian people, who originated from the Austronesian group around 2000 BCE. These migrations, prompted by natural disasters and conflicts, brought Proto-Malays to Indonesia between 1500-500 BCE, where they introduced stone tools and settled in coastal areas. Later, Deutro-Malays arrived with advanced bronze tools and farming techniques, gradually spreading across Indonesia. The transcript also touches on the Melanesoid migration to Papua and beyond, explaining their influence and eventual blending with Malay cultures, shaping the region's ethnic diversity.

Takeaways

🌏 The ancestors of the Indonesian people, according to the Karen and Pornhan Gordon theories, came from the Austronesian race, migrating to Indonesia around 2000 BCE.
🌊 Austronesian migration to Indonesia was triggered by factors like natural disasters (floods, earthquakes) and invasions by nomadic tribes from Northern China and Tibet.
🧬 Proto-Malay, or Old Malay, were the ancestors of the Malay-Polynesian people, spreading from Madagascar to the easternmost Pacific islands, migrating from southern China.
🌱 The Proto-Malay initially settled in northern Sumatra, western Kalimantan, and western Sulawesi, entering Indonesia between 1500 to 500 BCE.
🛤 Proto-Malay migration followed two main routes: eastward through the Philippines to Sulawesi, and westward via the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra.
🪨 Proto-Malay brought the Stone Age civilization to the Indonesian archipelago, later moving inland to the forests when the Deutero-Malay people arrived.
🔨 The Deutero-Malay people, or Young Malay, migrated around 500 BCE, bringing Bronze Age technology, including metal tools and weapons, marking the Dongson culture.
🌾 Deutero-Malay people had advanced agricultural skills, including building irrigation systems and clearing forests for farming.
🛶 They were also skilled seafarers, utilizing their knowledge of astronomy to navigate their journeys.
👫 Proto-Malay and Deutero-Malay eventually intermingled, forming the ancestors of modern Indonesians, except for the Papuans, who were part of the Melanesoid race.

Q & A

What is the Austronesian migration theory?
-The Austronesian migration theory suggests that the ancestors of the Indonesian people, known as Proto-Malay, originated from the Austronesian ethnic group that migrated to the Indonesian archipelago around 2,000 BCE in waves, spreading across the region.
Where did the Austronesian people originally come from?
-The Austronesian people are believed to have originated from the region around the upper Mekong River valley in Yunnan or Tonkin, which is present-day Vietnam.
What factors led to the Austronesian migration?
-The migration was caused by various factors including natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and prolonged droughts, as well as invasions by northern Chinese nomadic tribes and the Tibetan people around 2010 BCE and 1000 BCE respectively.
Who are the Proto-Malay people?
-Proto-Malay, also known as Old Malay or Proto-Malayu, are considered the ancestors of the Malayo-Polynesian people who spread from Madagascar to the easternmost islands in the Pacific.
What are the characteristics of the Proto-Malay people?
-The Proto-Malay people are characterized by their straight hair, yellowish-brown skin, and narrow eyes. They migrated from southern China to Indochina and then to the Indonesian archipelago.
When did the Proto-Malay people enter the Indonesian region?
-The Proto-Malay people are estimated to have entered the Indonesian region between 1500 and 500 BCE.
Which two routes did the Proto-Malay people take to enter Indonesia?
-The Proto-Malay people entered Indonesia through two routes: the Eastern Route via the Philippine Islands to Sulawesi and then spread throughout Indonesia, and the Western Route through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and then spread throughout Indonesia.
What civilization did the Proto-Malay bring to the Indonesian archipelago?
-The Proto-Malay brought the megalithic civilization to the Indonesian archipelago, which is characterized by the construction of large stone monuments.
Who are the Deutro-Malay people?
-Deutro-Malay, or Young Malay, refers to a younger race of Malays who migrated to the Indonesian region around 500 BCE. They are distinguished by their metallurgical skills, particularly in working with bronze.
What is the Dongson culture mentioned in the script?
-The Dongson culture is associated with the Deutro-Malay people and is known for its advanced bronze tools and weapons, as well as its pottery, which is often found in various islands of Indonesia.
How did the Deutro-Malay people's migration to the Indonesian archipelago occur?
-The Deutro-Malay people's migration to the Indonesian archipelago can be traced through the spread of their artifacts, such as square and elongated lids, which are found in places like Maluku, Sumatra, Kalimantan, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Java, and East Nusa Tenggara.
What is the significance of the Melanesoid people in the context of the script?
-The Melanesoid people, also known as Melanesoids, are a group that arrived in Papua during the last Ice Age around 70,000 years ago. They are considered the indigenous people of the region and are known for their paleolithic culture.

Outlines

00:00

🌍 The Migration of Proto and Deutero Malays to Indonesia

This paragraph outlines the migration of the Proto and Deutero Malays, the ancestors of the Indonesian people, from the Austronesian race. It explains that these migrations occurred around 2000 BCE and were triggered by natural disasters, such as floods and droughts, and attacks by nomadic tribes from northern China and Tibet. The Proto Malays, or the Old Malays, migrated from southern China to Indonesia through two routes—one through the Philippines and Sulawesi, and the other through the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. They introduced a stone-based civilization. When the Deutero Malays, or the Young Malays, arrived around 500 BCE with advanced bronze-working skills and agricultural techniques, they displaced the Proto Malays to the forests. These two groups eventually merged, creating the Malay-Polynesian culture that spread across Indonesia. The paragraph also mentions the distinction between the Proto Malays and the Deutero Malays, noting the latter’s metalworking culture and maritime knowledge.

05:01

🌏 Melanesoid Migration and Civilization in Papua and Beyond

This paragraph covers the migration of the Melanesoid people, who are the indigenous inhabitants of Papua and parts of Oceania. The Melanesoid migration began during the last Ice Age, around 70,000 BCE, when lower sea levels facilitated movement from Asia to Oceania, including Papua and Australia. They brought with them a Paleolithic culture and primarily lived as hunters, gatherers, and fishermen in small groups along river mouths. The Proto Melanesoid population in Java is identified as the Wajak people, who moved eastward toward Papua. Over time, the Melanesoid people intermingled with the incoming Malay populations, resulting in mixed descendants who now reside in areas such as East Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. The paragraph also provides insight into their subsistence strategies and cultural interactions with the Malays.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Austronesia

Austronesia refers to a linguistic and cultural group whose people are spread across Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands. In the script, the ancestors of the Indonesian people are said to come from the Austronesian race, migrating to Indonesia around 2000 BCE due to various factors such as natural disasters and conflicts. This migration is central to the history of Indonesia and explains the origins of many of its early inhabitants.

💡Proto-Malay

Proto-Malay, or the Old Malay, refers to an early wave of Malay people who migrated to Indonesia from Southern China, bringing with them a 'stone civilization.' The script describes them as the ancestors of the Malay-Polynesian people, who spread from Madagascar to the Pacific islands. They arrived in Indonesia between 1500 and 500 BCE and were characterized by physical traits like straight hair and brownish-yellow skin.

💡Deutro-Malay

Deutro-Malay, or Young Malay, refers to a later wave of Malay migration into Indonesia around 500 BCE. This group came from northern China and introduced more advanced metalworking, specifically the use of bronze and iron, which significantly impacted Indonesian civilization. Their tools and techniques marked a shift from the Proto-Malay's stone tools and helped spread new technologies across the islands.

💡Yunan

Yunan is a region in southern China that is mentioned as the origin point for the Austronesian and Proto-Malay migrations. According to the script, early Austronesians left this area and traveled to the Indonesian archipelago, contributing to the development of the region's indigenous populations. Yunan plays a pivotal role in tracing the cultural and ethnic origins of Southeast Asia.

💡Dongson Culture

The Dongson Culture refers to an ancient Southeast Asian civilization known for its advanced bronze-working techniques. In the script, the Deutro-Malay people are associated with this culture, as they brought iron and bronze tools, including square axes and agricultural implements, to the Indonesian islands. This cultural exchange marked a technological leap in Indonesia’s development.

💡Melanesoid

Melanesoid refers to the racial group that inhabits parts of Indonesia, Papua, and other Pacific islands. According to the script, these people migrated to Indonesia during the last Ice Age and settled in Papua, where they lived in small groups, relying on fishing and gathering. Their arrival predated the migration of the Malay peoples and contributed to the diversity of Indonesia’s indigenous population.

💡Migration Routes

Migration Routes describe the paths taken by early peoples as they moved from mainland Asia to the Indonesian archipelago. The script highlights two main routes: the eastern route through the Philippines to Sulawesi and the western route through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra. These routes were crucial for the spread of both the Proto-Malay and Deutro-Malay peoples, shaping the demographic and cultural landscape of Indonesia.

💡Stone Civilization

The term 'Stone Civilization' refers to the Proto-Malay’s use of stone tools and technologies, which they brought with them when they migrated to Indonesia. This civilization represents a period before the introduction of metal tools by the Deutro-Malay and is characterized by the use of stone for making tools and weapons, a significant marker of the early development of the region.

💡Papua

Papua is a region in Indonesia that was settled by the Melanesoid people during the last Ice Age. According to the script, they lived along the rivers and coasts of Papua, depending on fishing and foraging for survival. The mention of Papua highlights the diverse ethnic and cultural groups in Indonesia, with the Melanesoids being one of the earliest inhabitants before the arrival of Malay peoples.

💡Ice Age

The Ice Age is a significant period in the script as it marks the time when the Melanesoid people migrated to Papua and other parts of Oceania. During this era, lower sea levels allowed for easier migration between landmasses. The Ice Age is crucial to understanding the prehistoric movement of populations into Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands, including the Melanesoid migration.

Highlights

The Austronesian people migrated to Indonesia around 2000 BCE, spreading across the archipelago in waves.

The Austronesians originated from the Yunnan or Tonkin region, near the upper Mekong River in present-day Vietnam.

The migration was driven by factors such as natural disasters and invasions from nomadic tribes from northern China and Tibet.

Proto-Malay (Old Malay) people, the ancestors of the Malay-Polynesian race, migrated from southern China and settled in northern Sumatra, western Kalimantan, and western Sulawesi.

The Proto-Malay migration occurred between 1500 and 500 BCE, with two primary routes: via the Philippines to Sulawesi and through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra.

Proto-Malays brought stone tools and agricultural practices to the Indonesian archipelago, marking an early phase of civilization.

Deutro-Malay (New Malay) people, who arrived around 500 BCE, were skilled in bronze working and brought the Dongson culture from northern Indochina.

Deutro-Malays spread across Indonesia using advanced sailing skills and navigational knowledge based on astronomy.

The Proto and Deutro Malay populations eventually merged to form the modern-day inhabitants of the Indonesian archipelago, except for the Papuans.

Melanesoids, who settled in Papua and nearby islands, migrated eastward during the last Ice Age, around 70,000 BCE, when lower sea levels exposed new land.

The Melanesoid people developed a Paleolithic culture and lived by hunting, gathering, and fishing along rivers.

The Proto-Malays displaced the indigenous Melanesoids, who later mixed with the incoming Malay populations, forming a hybrid Melanesoid-Malay race.

The Melanesoid-Malay descendants are now the inhabitants of eastern Indonesia, including the Nusa Tenggara and Maluku islands.

The Wajak Man, a Proto-Melanesoid, was an early indigenous inhabitant of Java before moving eastward to Papua.

The spread of the Dongson culture in Indonesia can be traced through metal tools like rectangular axes found in regions like Malacca, Sumatra, and Kalimantan.