Keragaman Hayati, bag 2 (Sebaran Bioma di Dunia) #kumer
Summary
TLDRThis video covers the topic of global biome distribution, focusing on key biomes such as tropical rainforests, savannas, deserts, and tundras. It explains factors that influence biome distribution, including latitude, climate, topography, soil, and vegetation. The video provides detailed descriptions of each biome, highlighting their defining characteristics, plant species, and geographic locations. The lesson is designed for 11th-grade geography students following the 'Kurikulum Merdeka,' aiming to deepen their understanding of biodiversity and biome ecology. Viewers are encouraged to engage with additional project tasks for further learning.
Takeaways
- đ Biomes are parts of the biosphere with distinct land features, characterized by specific dominant vegetation.
- đșïž The distribution of biomes globally is influenced by latitude, climate, topography, soil conditions, human activities, and dominant vegetation.
- đł Tropical rainforests have tall, dense trees (up to 50 meters), and thrive in regions with intense sunlight and high rainfall (about 2,000 mm annually).
- đŸ The savanna is a vast grassland with scattered trees like palms and acacias, found in tropical and subtropical regions with 1,000-1,500 mm of rainfall per year.
- đ Steppe biomes are expansive grasslands with low rainfall (250-500 mm/year) and are found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions, including Venezuela, Argentina, and the U.S.
- đïž Deserts are characterized by minimal rainfall (less than 250 mm/year) and sparse vegetation, such as cacti. Major deserts include the Sahara, Namib, and Gobi.
- đ Deciduous forests feature trees that shed their leaves in autumn and winter, with rainfall ranging from 750-1,000 mm/year, found in temperate zones with four distinct seasons.
- đČ Taiga, or coniferous forests, have needle-leaved trees and experience cold temperatures with low rainfall (400-750 mm/year). They are found in regions like Alaska, Scandinavia, and Siberia.
- âïž Tundra biomes are cold, with sparse vegetation like mosses and lichens. They are located near the Arctic Circle, with temperatures as low as -57°C and very little precipitation.
- đ The video suggests further study of the topic through project work on biome and fauna distribution globally.
Q & A
What is a biome, and how is it related to the biosphere?
-A biome is a part of the biosphere characterized by a specific type of landform and dominant vegetation. It is a major ecological community, such as forests or grasslands, that is distinguished by particular plants and animals. The biosphere, on the other hand, is the global ecological system that includes all living organisms and the regions they inhabit.
What are the main factors influencing the distribution of biomes around the world?
-The distribution of biomes is primarily influenced by latitude, which affects the climate, and other factors such as topography (relief), soil conditions (edaphic factors), human activity, and dominant vegetation in each region.
What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests?
-Tropical rainforests are characterized by large, tall trees that often exceed 50 meters in height. They have dense foliage, making the forest floor dark and humid. Epiphytes and climbing plants are common, and they have a high level of biodiversity. The average annual rainfall is around 2,000 mm, and the forests are found in tropical regions such as Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America.
Where are tropical rainforests typically found, and what are some examples of trees found there?
-Tropical rainforests are located in regions such as Southeast Asia, Central Africa, and South America. Common tree species include the Keruing tree in Sumatra, the Meranti tree in Kalimantan, and the Ebony tree in Sulawesi.
What defines the biome known as the savanna, and where can it be found?
-The savanna biome is characterized by vast grasslands interspersed with scattered trees. It experiences moderate rainfall (1,000 to 1,500 mm per year) and has a hot climate throughout the year. The savanna can be found in regions like Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of Australia and South America.
What is a steppe, and how does it differ from other grassland biomes?
-A steppe is a vast, treeless grassland with low rainfall (250 to 500 mm per year), typically found in temperate and subtropical regions. Unlike the savanna, it lacks large trees, and its vegetation is dominated by grasses and shrubs. Examples include the Pampas in Argentina and the prairies in North America.
What are some key characteristics of desert biomes, and which plants are adapted to survive there?
-Desert biomes are characterized by extremely low rainfall (less than 250 mm per year) and sparse vegetation. Plants like cacti and other succulent species have adaptations such as water storage and deep root systems to survive the harsh, dry conditions. Deserts can be found in North Africa (Sahara), Australia, and North America (Atacama).
What is unique about the deciduous forest biome, and where is it typically found?
-The deciduous forest biome is known for its trees that shed their leaves seasonally, usually during autumn and winter. It has moderate rainfall (750 to 1,000 mm per year) and is found in regions with four distinct seasons, such as East Asia, Europe, and parts of North America.
What defines the taiga biome, and what kind of vegetation is common there?
-The taiga biome, also known as the boreal forest, is characterized by its coniferous trees (such as spruce, fir, and pine) with needle-like leaves. It experiences cold temperatures and moderate rainfall (400 to 750 mm per year). Taiga is found in regions like Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Russia.
What is the tundra biome, and how is it adapted to the extreme cold conditions?
-The tundra biome is located in polar regions, characterized by its low temperatures (as low as -57°C) and minimal rainfall (less than 250 mm per year). Vegetation consists mostly of lichens, mosses, and small shrubs. The biome is adapted to extreme cold, with plants that are able to survive permafrost and limited sunlight.
Outlines
đ Introduction to Biomes and Key Factors Influencing Their Distribution
This paragraph introduces the concept of biomes, which are distinct ecological regions defined by specific vegetation and flora. The video starts by welcoming viewers to a geography lesson focused on biodiversity and biome distribution worldwide. It highlights that biomes are part of the biosphere, the Earthâs living layer, where living organisms reside. Key factors that influence biome distribution include latitude, which determines climate, landform relief, soil conditions, human impact, and the dominant vegetation in each biome.
đł Tropical Rainforest: Characteristics and Global Distribution
The tropical rainforest biome is described as dense forests with tall trees, often over 20 meters, with some reaching over 50 meters. The forests are humid, with thick vegetation, often blocking sunlight from reaching the forest floor. Rainforests experience high rainfall, about 2,000 mm annually, due to intense sunlight. This biome is rich in diverse plant species like Meranti and Ulin in Indonesia, and Ebony in Sulawesi. Its global distribution includes tropical regions such as Southeast Asia, Central Africa, Northeast Australia, and parts of the Americas.
đŸ Savanna: The Open Grasslands with Scattered Trees
The savanna biome is characterized by vast grasslands with scattered trees like palms and acacias. It receives moderate rainfall between 1,000 to 1,500 mm annually, but experiences long dry seasons. The savanna is predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions such as Central Asia, Central Africa, parts of Australia, North and South America, and in Indonesiaâs Sumba and Komodo islands. It is also used for livestock farming, especially in areas like Baluran National Park in East Java.
đż Steppe: Expansive Grasslands with Sparse Vegetation
The steppe biome is defined as vast grasslands interspersed with shrubs. It receives relatively low rainfall, between 250 and 500 mm per year, and is found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Different nations have their own names for steppe regions, such as 'Llanos' in Venezuela, 'Pampas' in Argentina, 'Prairies' in the U.S., and 'Pustas' in Hungary. The steppe is also found in Russia, where it originated as a scientific term.
đïž Desert: Arid Lands with Specialized Vegetation
Deserts are extremely dry biomes, with sparse vegetation adapted to the harsh conditions. Cacti and other succulents, with water-storing capabilities and deep roots, dominate this biome. Deserts receive less than 250 mm of rain annually and are found in the driest regions of the world. Famous deserts include the Sahara in Africa, the Gobi in Asia, the Atacama in South America, and the Australian deserts. Despite their barren appearance, deserts support specialized plant species adapted to survive in these environments.
đ Deciduous Forests: Seasonal Trees and Global Spread
The deciduous forest biome consists of trees that shed their leaves in autumn and winter, such as oaks and maples. These forests are found in temperate regions that experience four distinct seasons. Rainfall is moderate, ranging between 750 and 1,000 mm annually. The changing foliage of deciduous trees, especially maples, is a major attraction for tourists in regions like East Asia, Europe, and North America. This biome is primarily located in the northern hemisphere.
đČ Taiga: Coniferous Forests in Cold Climates
The taiga biome, also known as the boreal forest, is characterized by coniferous trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. It is found in cold regions with low rainfall (400 to 750 mm annually) and harsh winters where snow covers the landscape. Temperatures can drop as low as -1°C in winter, with a maximum of 15°C in summer. The taiga is the largest terrestrial biome on Earth, stretching across parts of Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Russia.
âïž Tundra: Frozen Landscapes of the Arctic
The tundra biome is located in the Arctic regions near the North Pole. It is a cold, treeless landscape dominated by lichens and mosses. Rainfall is minimal, less than 250 mm annually, and temperatures can drop to -57°C in winter. During the short summer, temperatures rise to a maximum of 10°C. The tundra is home to hardy plant species adapted to the extreme cold and is found in northern parts of Alaska, Canada, Russia, and Greenland.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄBioma
đĄBiosfer
đĄHutan hujan tropis
đĄSabana
đĄStepang
đĄBurun
đĄHutan gugur
đĄTaiga
đĄTundra
đĄFaktor klimatik
Highlights
Introduction to the video about the distribution of biomes in the world, part of the Geography curriculum for Grade 11.
Biomes are land areas with unique characteristics, dominated by specific vegetation, which often gives the biome its name.
The factors influencing biome distribution include latitude, climate, physiographic relief, soil conditions, human activity, and dominant vegetation.
The first biome discussed is the tropical rainforest, characterized by tall, dense trees and a humid environment, with trees reaching over 50 meters in height.
The tropical rainforest is spread across regions like Central Africa, Southeast Asia, Northeast Australia, and parts of Central and South America.
The second biome is the savanna, a large grassland mixed with scattered trees, primarily found in tropical and subtropical areas.
Savanna regions have a rainfall of 1000-1500 mm per year and include areas like Central Africa, parts of Asia, and Australia.
Examples of savannas in Indonesia include the Sumba savanna and Baluran National Park in East Java.
The third biome is the steppe, a vast grassland with low rainfall, found in regions like Russia, Argentina, and the United States.
Steppes are also known by different local names, such as 'pampa' in Argentina, 'prairie' in the US, and 'llanos' in Venezuela.
The desert biome is the fourth discussed, characterized by sandy landscapes, sparse vegetation, and plants like cacti that store water.
Notable deserts include the Sahara, the Gobi, and the Atacama, found in Africa, Asia, and South America, respectively.
The fifth biome is the deciduous forest, where trees shed their leaves seasonally, found in temperate regions like Europe, East Asia, and parts of North America.
The taiga, or coniferous forest, is the largest biome on Earth, dominated by needle-leaved trees and located in cold northern regions like Alaska and Siberia.
The tundra biome, found in polar regions, is dominated by mosses and lichens and experiences extremely cold temperatures, sometimes reaching -57°C.
Transcripts
Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh Selamat datang kembali di
channel belajar Geo lanjutan materi
geografi fase F kelas 11 kurikulum
Merdeka tentang keragaman hayati pada
video kali ini kita akan membahas
sebaran bioma di dunia namun sebelumnya
jangan lupa like subscribe dan juga
bunyikan tanda lonceng bioma merupakan
bagian dari biosf yang berupa Bentang
tangan lahan darat dengan karakteristik
yang khas dan biasanya ditandai dengan
jenis vegetasi atau flora tertentu yang
dominan nama flora atau tanaman yang
dominan inilah sekaligus nanti akan
menjadi nama dari bioma tersebut
sementara biosfer merupakan lapisan dari
bumi di mana organisme atau makhluk
hidup tinggal
menetap faktor persebaran bioma di dunia
yang pertama adalah letak lintang yang
nantinya akan menentukan iklim Faktor
klimatik atau iklim inilah yang menjadi
faktor utama dari persebaran bioma di
dunia yang kedua adalah relief atau
fisiografis baik itu berupa dataran
tinggi dataran rendah burun dan
sebagainya tiga kondisi tanah atau
faktor
edavik yang keempat faktor organis
khususnya adalah manusia dan yang kelima
vegetasi dominan yang nanti akan menjadi
nama dari viuma tersebut persebaran
bioma di dunia satu adalah hutan hujan
tropis hutan hujan tropis merupakan
hutan dengan pohon yang besar dan tinggi
lebih dari 20 m beberapa di antaranya
bahkan lebih dari 50 m tingginya serta
relatif rapat berdaun lebat dan rimbun
sehingga biasanya bagian bawahnya
menjadi gelap dan lembab dan banyak
ditumbuhi ee tanaman epifit bahkan juga
binatang Mel melata seperti ular curahu
Huan yang tinggi disebabkan karena sinar
matahari berlangsung secara intensif
intensif berada di wilayah hutan hujan
tropis di sini yaitu sekitar 2.000 mm
per tahun beberapa jenis tanaman seperti
pohon keruing ini banyak terdapat di
Sumatera yang bernilai bangunan sangat
tinggi pohon Meranti di Kalimantan pohon
ulin yang oleh masyarakat setempat
disebut sebagai kayu besi yang banyak
ditancapkan pada daerah Berawa karena
air semakin kuat justru yang sering
disebut juga sebagai kayu merah juga ada
pohon Eboni yang ada di Sulawesi oleh
orang-orang Makassar dan sekitarnya
sering disebut sebagai kayu hitam karena
kayu di dalamnya berwarna hitam wilayah
persebarannya di perumukaan bumi adalah
di daerah tropis mulai dari Afrika
Afrika Tengah ya termasuk malagasi Asia
Tenggara termasuk sebagian kecil Asia
Selatan eh Australia Timur Laut juga ada
di Amerika Tengah dan juga di Amerika
Selatan bioma yang kedua adalah Sabana
dimanai sebagai Padang rumput yang
sangat luas diselingi oleh pohon-pohon
pohon-pohon yang tinggi tapi tumbuhnya
menyebar di beberapa titik ya di
beberapa tempat wilayah ini terbentuk
karena curah hujannya sekitar 1000
hingga 1500 mm per tahun dan memiliki
suhu yang panas sepanjang tahun bulan
basahnya hanya berlangsung 2 sampai 3
bulan beberapa jenis pohon
ee tumbuhan tinggi yang bisa hidup di
daerah Sabana antara lain adalah Palem
dan juga Akasia wilayah persebarannya
mulai merambah di samping daerah tropis
juga ada di daerah subtropis di Asia
Tengah Afrika Tengah di beberapa tempat
di Australia di Amerika Utara dan juga
ada di Amerika Selatan di Indonesia kita
mengenal beberapa sabana yang cukup
familiar seperti di Pulau Sumba ini
sudah mulai dimanfaatkan untuk
peternakan yang di liarkan atau
peternakan umbaran kemudian di Taman
Nasional Pulau Komodo Rinca dan batou ya
dua-duanya ada di NTT ada Sabana Baluran
yang ada di timur laut Semenanjung Jawa
Timur ya di utara Banyuwangi juga ada
Sabana di gunung Argopuro keduanya ini
ada di Jawa Timur bioma yang ketiga
adalah stepang atau Padang rumput yang
diartikan kalau dimaknai sebagai Padang
rumput yang sangat luas yang diselingi
oleh semak-semak di beberapa tempat ee
wilayah ini memiliki curah hujan yang
relatif rendah 250 sampai 500 mm/ tahun
dan wilayah
persebarannya mulai merambah dari daerah
tropis subtropis sampai ke lintang
sedang padang rumput biasanya oleh eh
negara yang memilikinya diberi nama
sendiri-sendiri ada ilanos yang ada di
Venezuela Pampa ini ada di Argentina
kemudian prairi yang ada di Amerika
Serikat ini lokasinya ini biasanya lebih
tinggi ya rumput e mendekati rumput
ilalang ada Fel di taman nasional kruer
di Afrika Selatan ada pusta di Eropa
Timur khususnya di Hungaria dan juga ada
stepa sebagai nama asli dari Padang
rumput secara ilmiah itu berasal atau
terdapat di Rusia bioma yang keempat
adalah burun merupakan bioma yang
didominasi oleh burun pasir dan hanya
sedikit tanaman atau pepohonan dengan
ciri berbatang spon seperti kaktus ikon
tanaman kurun yaitu ee berbatang lunak
dan mengandung atau di dalamnya terdapat
air berdaun Duri dan berakar panjang
seperti magbot dan juga Kasia kurun yang
angarnya bisa sampai puluhan meter untuk
mencari air yang ada di dalam tanah cura
Hujannya sangat sedikit hanya 250 mm/
tahun dan wilayahnya tentu di daerah
terkering ya Lintang terkering daerah
subtropis atau Lintang kuda seperti di
Afrika Utara ada kurun Sahari eh Sahara
dan gun Libia di Afrika Selatan ada
kurun namibia dan kurun kalagari di
Australia ada kurun Victoria Australia
besar dan Simpson di Asia ada Gurun Gobi
karakorum Sar dan Gurun rup alkali gurun
nafud di Arab Saudi dan juga di Amerika
Utara Amerika Selatan ada gurun atakama
di daerah-daerah gurun yang sebagian
orang tahunya tidak ada tanam ternyata
masih dijumpai jenis-jenis tanaman
tertentu yang memiliki karakteristik
tanaman kurun bioma yang kelima adalah
hutan
gugur adalah bioma yang didominasi oleh
hutan peluruh hutan yang meluruhkan atau
menggugurkan daunnya di musim tertentu
dan tentunya biasanya di musim gugur dan
musim dingin wilayah ini memiliki cura
hujan 750 sampai 1000 mm per tahun jenis
tanah namanya ada baswood kemudian ada
oowak ini gambaran oowak di musim semi
dan panas oowak di musim ggur dan dingin
dan yang monumental adalah tanaman eser
atau mapel yang berwarna-warni sebelum
daunnya gugur sangat indah sehingga
biasanya akan menjadi
ee waktu untuk kunjungan para wisatawan
persebarannya di permukaan bumi ada di
daerah lintang sedang tentunya karena
memiliki empat musim mulai dari Asia
Timur kemudian Eropa eh Australia
Tenggara termasuk New Zealand di Eropa
tengah dan timur di Amerika Utara Timur
Laut dan di Amerika Selatan bagian
baradaya berikutnya bioma yang keenam
adalah
taiga taiga atau Hutan berdaun jarum
adalah bioma yang didominasi oleh pohon
koniver pohon koniver adalah pohon yang
berdaun jarum maksudnya itu ee daun
tanaman ini bagian atasnya runcing ya Ee
suhu ee curah hujannya di sini sangat
sedikit 400 sampai 750 mm/ tahun suhu
yang dingin membuat tanaman konifer ini
ketika musim dingin biasanya ketutup
oleh salju ya Suhu terdinginnya adalah 1
derajat Celcius dan yang terpanas 15
derajat Celcius kemudian jenis
tanamannya ada alder Juniper dan sprus
atau sprus gitu ya wilayah persebarannya
ee di sekitar lingkaran kutub utara
mulai dari Alaska
Kanada Skandinavia Siberia sampai di
Rusia timur Semenanjung kamsatka perlu
kalian ketahui bioma taiga adalah bioma
yang terluas di muka bumi ini bioma yang
terakhir adalah tundra atau padang lumut
ini tentu letaknya berada di sekitar
atau berada di Kutub Utara sehingga bisa
dimanai sebagai bioma di daerah kutub
yang berupa padang lumut berwarna
mencolok ya mencolok warnanya biasanya
didominasi oleh lumut kerak dan semak
sememak curah hujannya sangat sedikit
walaupun sangat dingin kurang dari
250 mm/ tahun suhu terdinginnya bisa
menembus
57 derajat Celcius dan yang terpanas
hanya 10 derajat Celcius ini beberapa
spesies padang lumut Di daerah kutub dan
persebarannya tentu di lingkaran kutub
utara atau arti Terima kasih atas segala
perhatiannya mohon maaf atas segala
kekurangannya untuk memperdalam materi
sebaran bioma di dunia kalian bisa
memilih salah satu dari tugas projek
berikut ini selanjutnya langsung kalian
bisa saksikan sebaran fauna di dunia
Terima kasih wasalamualaikum
warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
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